1、2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊15（含翻译与重点词汇短语注解）Who isin charge oftheexecutive branch?Answer: The PresidentExplanation:Many people know who the president of the United States is, but what does the president do? The president is the personin charge of(or responsible for) the executive branch. The presidents main
2、 job is to be thecommander-in-chief, which means that he or shecommands, or is thetop leaderof the United Statesarmed forces(or military). Ascommander-in-chief, the presidenthas the power tosendtroops(or soldiers) to fightoverseas(or in another country)at any time, but he or she cant officiallydecla
3、re (or decide on) a warwithout theapproval(or agreement) ofCongress.The president is alsoknown asthehead of state. Theheadof any organization is the person who isin charge, and is the most important and powerful person in that organization. So as the head of state, the presidentis responsible fordev
4、eloping important relationships with leaders of other countries.Another of the presidents powers is the ability toappoint(or choose) people toservein the government. The most important people the presidentappointsare the members of his or hercabinet(or the group of people who give the president advi
5、ce). The most powerful person in the presidents cabinet is thevice president. If the president dies or is unable toperform his responsibilities(or do his job) for any reason, the vice president must lead the country and its military.The president has a lot of power, so there are some importantrequir
6、ementsfor the job. To become president, a person must be at least 35 years old,born in the United States, and must have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years.Once a president iselected(or chosen by the voters),his or herterm of office(or the length of time that he or she has the job) is four years
7、.A president cannot serve more than two terms, fora total ofeight years.Thisterm limit(or themaximumnumber of years that a person can be president) isestablishedin the 22ndAmendment,which was added to the Constitution in 1951.This limit exists for the same reason thatchecks and balancesexist:tomake
8、surethat no one person (in this case, the president) canwield(or hold or use) too much power in the government.Who isin charge oftheexecutive branch?行政部门由谁负责？Answer:The President总统Explanation:Many people know who the president of the United States is, but what does the president do? The president is
9、 the personin charge of(or responsible for) the executive branch. The presidents main job is to be thecommander-in-chief, which means that he or shecommands, or is thetop leaderof the United Statesarmed forces(or military). Ascommander-in-chief, the presidenthas the power tosendtroops(or soldiers) t
10、o fightoverseas(or in another country)at any time, but he or she cant officiallydeclare (or decide on) a warwithout theapproval(or agreement) ofCongress.很多人都知道美国总统是谁，但有谁知道总统究竟是干啥的吗？总统是行政部门的负责人。总统的主要工作是担任三军统帅，意思是他或她指挥美国军队，或者说是美国军队的最高领导。作为三军统帅，总统随时都有派遣军队去海外作战的权力。但是他或她没有国会的批准就不能正式对外宣战。 in charge of sth
11、主管，负责the position of having control or responsibility for a group of people or an activitythe officerin charge ofthe investigation负责调查的官员 commander-in-chief总司令；最高统帅someone of high rank who is in control of all the military organizations in a country or of a specific military activityThe Queen isComm
12、ander in Chiefof the British armed forces.女王是英国军队的最高统帅。 has the power to do sth有权利做某事 troopn. 部队；军队 overseas/vsiz/ adv.向国外，在海外，在外国to or in a foreign country that is across the seaChris is going to workoverseas.克里斯要去国外工作。 at any time在任何时候 declare a war宣战 approval/pruvl/批准；认可when a plan, decision, or
13、person is officially acceptedgive/grant yourapproval批准 Congress国会 command命令，下令to tell someone officially to do something, especially if you are a military leader, a king etcCaptain Picardcommandedthe crew to report to the main deck.皮德船长命令全体船员到主甲板上报到。 armed forces陆海空三军，武装部队a countrys military organiz
14、ations, including the army, navy, and air force decide on/upon sth(仔细考虑后)决定，选定to choose something or someone after thinking carefullyHave youdecided ona date for the wedding?婚礼日期你选好了没有？The president is alsoknown asthehead of state. Theheadof any organization is the person who isin charge, and is the
15、 most important and powerful person in that organization. So as the head of state, the presidentis responsible fordeveloping important relationships with leaders of other countries.总统也被称为国家首脑。任何组织首脑都是负责人，是这个组织最重要且权力最大的人。因此，作为国家首脑，总统要负责发展同其他国家领导人的重要关系。 head of state国家元首the main representative of a co
16、untry such as a queen, king, or president, who may not have duties in the countrys government be known as.作为.而被人知道 head首脑，首长，领袖，主管人a leader or person in charge of a group or organizationYou should discuss the matter with yourheadof department.你应该和部门主管讨论一下这件事。 be in charge主管，负责the position of having
17、control or responsibility for a group of people or an activityHe asked to speak to the personin charge.他要求和负责人说话。 be responsible for doing sth负责做某事Another of the presidents powers is the ability toappoint(or choose) people toservein the government. The most important people the presidentappointsare
18、the members of his or hercabinet(or the group of people who give the president advice). The most powerful person in the presidents cabinet is thevice president. If the president dies or is unable toperform his responsibilities(or do his job) for any reason, the vice president must lead the country a
19、nd its military.总统的另一个权力是任命政府官员。总统任命的最重要的官员是他或她的内阁成员（或者说是给总统提供建议的一群人）。副总统是总统内阁中权力最大的人。如果总统死亡或因故不能履行他的职责，副总统就必须领导这个国家及其军队。 appoint/pnt/任命；委派to choose someone for a position or a jobofficialsappointedby the government政府任命的官员 serve为工作；供职；服役to spend a period of time doing useful work or official duties
20、for an organization, country, important person etcLord Herbertservedas ambassador to France.赫伯特勋爵任驻法国大使。 cabinet/kbnt/内阁acabinetmeeting 内阁会议 perform ones responsibilities履行职责The president has a lot of power, so there are some importantrequirementsfor the job. To become president, a person must be at
21、 least 35 years old,born in the United States, and must have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years.Once a president iselected(or chosen by the voters),his or herterm of office(or the length of time that he or she has the job) is four years.A president cannot serve more than two terms, fora total o
22、feight years.Thisterm limit(or themaximumnumber of years that a person can be president) isestablishedin the 22ndAmendment,which was added to the Constitution in 1951.This limit exists for the same reason thatchecks and balancesexist:tomake surethat no one person (in this case, the president) canwie
23、ld(or hold or use) too much power in the government.总统有诸多权力，因此担任这个职位是有一些重要的要求的。要想成为总统，他就必须年满35岁，在美国出生且必须至少在美国居住十四年。一旦当选总统，他或她的任期是四年。总统至多担任两届，也就是八年。这个期限限制（一个人担任总统的最大年限）是第二十二条修正案设定的，它是在1951年写进宪法的。任期规定与“三权分立”的存在原因相同：确保没有人（总统）能在政府中操纵太多的权力。 requirement/rkwamnt/（规则、法律、合同等的）要求，规定something that a rule , law
24、 , contract etc states that you must doDo these goods comply with our safetyrequirements?这些商品符合我们的安全要求吗？ elect选举，推选to choose someone for an official position by votingthe countrys first democraticallyelectedgovernment该国第一个民主选举产生的政府 term of office任期 total总数，总量，总额the final number or amount of things,
25、people etc when everything has been countedA total ofthirteen meetings were held to discuss the issue.总共举行了 13 次会议来讨论该议题。 term limit任职期限 maximum/mksmm/最大量的，最大限度的，最大值的the maximum amount, quantity, speed etc is the largest that is possible or allowedThe car has amaximumspeed of 120 mph.这辆汽车的最高速度为每小时 1
26、20 英里。 establish/stbl/设立, 建立（机构、制度等）; 制定（规则等）set up (an organization, system, or set of rules) on a firm or permanent basisThe scheme wasestablishedin 1975.此方案是1975年制定的。 Amendment美国宪法修正案an article added to the US Constitutionthe FirstAmendment美国宪法第一修正案 checks and balances三权分立 in this case在这种情形之下 wield power/influence/authority etc/wild/拥有并使用权力/影响/权威等to have a lot of power or influence, and to use itThe Churchwields immense powerin Ireland.在爱尔兰，教会操纵着大权。
