1、Section Grammar & Writing现在完成进行时单句语法填空1Youd better have a rest, for you _(work) the whole morning答案：have been working2Im out of work I _(look) for a job for three months答案：have been looking3The little girl _(clean) the windows since this morning答案：has been cleaning4It _(rain) for two days答案：has been
2、 raining5Sorry, Im lateHow long _ you _(wait) for me ?答案：havebeen waiting一、现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时由“have/has been动词的现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。二、现在完成进行时的肯定式、否定式、一般疑问式及其回答列表如下：(以动词work为例)肯定式否定式一般疑问式及其回答Has Have Yes， hasYes， have No， hasntNo， havent三、现在完成进行时的用法1表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍继续进行下去，动词常用延
3、续性动词，并常带有表示动作起始时间的状语，如since last week，since 1992等，或是since引导的时间状语从句；也可以是带有表示时间段的状语，如for an hour，for a few days，these days等。I have been writing the letter since then从那时起我一直在写这封信。We have been studying for nearly 3 hours我们已经学了近3个小时了。2表示不久前刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。Im exhausted I have been standing on the sh
4、elf the whole morning我累坏了。整个上午我一直站在架子上。四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况1某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用于现在完成时。如：see，hear，know，have，like，be等。()He has been having a cold for two weeks()He has had a cold for two weeks他已经感冒两个星期了。2不具有延续意义的动词，如finish，come，go，marry等不能用现在完成进行时。五、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别1完成性现在完成时的“已完成”用法强调动作的完成，现在完成进
5、行时侧重于表示未完成。I have dialed four timesI dont think anyone is in the office我已经拨了四次电话了，我认为办公室里没人。I have been diallingI dont think anyones in the office我一直在打电话，我认为办公室里没人。2动作的持久性现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性，而现在完成进行时更强调动作延续时间的长久性。I have stayed in Lisbon for six weeks我已在里斯本待六周了。I have been staying in Lisbon for six weeks
6、我在里斯本待了六周了。3动作的频繁性现在完成时同某些频度副词或数字连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作，现在完成进行时可以表示断断续续地重复的动作，但不能同表示具体次数和具体数字的词并用。I have posted a dozen postcards，but received none我已寄出一打贺卡了，可一张别人的给我的也没收到。I have been posting postcards since early December自十二月初开始，我一直都在忙着寄贺卡。()I have read this book Pride and Prejudice several times()I hav
7、e been reading this book Pride and Prejudice several times傲慢与偏见这本书我已经读过好几遍了。4感情色彩现在完成时感情色彩不浓，而现在完成进行时带有较为强烈的感情色彩。You have been disturbing me你一直在打扰我。Someone has been speaking ill of me有人在一直说我的坏话。5其他用法(1)现代英语中，像lie，rest，wait，stay，sleep等谓语动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时。The baby has been sleeping for about ten minutes这
8、孩子已经睡了大约十分钟了。(2)It is一段时间since从句时，从句一般用过去时。(3)It/This isthe first time从句，从句往往用现在完成时。 单句语法填空1Dashan, who _(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition答案：has been learning2Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?The new Star War
9、sWe _(wait) here for more than two hours答案：have been waiting3Marty _(work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday答案：has been working4Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhereHe went to the library after breakfast and _(write) his essay there ever since答案：has been writin
10、g5You should go to bedYou _(watch) TV for 5 hours答案：have been watching6I _(look) for him everywhere Where can he be?答案：have been looking7They _(help) us since five oclock this morning答案：have been helping8I _(work) in this school since I graduated from college Now I am still working here答案：have been
11、working9This baby _(sleep) for two daysNewborns are fragile and sleepy答案：has been sleeping10The little boy is dirty all over because he _(play) in the mud all the morning答案：has been playing/has played 单句改错1The telephone had been ringing the whole morning, but no one answered it_答案：hadhas2Some girls
12、has been cuddling outside the whole morning since they are going to graduate_答案：hashave3It is about five years since he had left his village_答案：去掉had4It was the first time that the girl has come to this big city_答案：hashad5The young man has been worked on his research since two days ago_答案：workedwork
13、ing 语法与写作1很显然，这个女孩已经在那里哭了很长时间了。It is obvious that the girl _答案：has been crying there for a long time2上周日开始就一直在下雪。太冷了。_ since last Sunday It is too cold答案：It has been snowing3门铃响了一个早上了。是谁呢？ The door bell _ Who is it?答案：has been ringing the whole morning4自从2016以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。My sister _ since 2016答案：has
14、 been learning English5这些年他一直在找他失踪的儿子。_ these years答案：He has been looking for his missing son如何写调查报告() 文体感知调查报告属于应用文的范畴，旨在将调查结果真实、详细、有条理地呈现出来。有关调查报告的英文书面表达题目多以图表作文的形式呈现。题目往往要求我们根据要求将图表信息以文字的形式呈现出来。1结构安排根据所给图表的数目及题目所要求呈现的信息的种类等确定段落结构。如“典题示例”要求对图1的信息进行描述，针对图2中的一个数据所反映的情况分析原因并发表个人看法，那么我们可以把段落确定为23个。以两段
15、为例，第一段描述图1的信息，第二段针对图2中的一个数据进行具体分析，并发表个人看法。2开篇开篇要明确地指出所做调查的目的，这样也就明确了调查报告所要传达的是哪方面的信息。3主体段落主体段落是呈现调查信息的段落，对于图表类调查报告而言，主体段落是最终实现图文转换的段落。写主体段落时要注意以下几个方面：(1)圈定所要转换的信息时，要在题目的具体要求下提取信息，并对信息进行明确的分类。(2)重组信息时，要注意根据题目要求去确定信息表述的详略，重要的信息要明确、详细地说明，一般的了解性信息一笔带过即可。(3)对所给信息的转述要使用不同的表达方法，反映在文章中也就是要使用不同的词、词组、句型等。4末段末
16、段通常用于对调查结果进行总结，也就是根据调查结果推出一个结论，或是针对调查结果发表个人的看法。写此段时要注意结论的客观性、看法的合理性。不可妄加评断。 常用句式1We have made a survey about2In order to work out/find out/we made a survey3The survey we made recently shows that4It can be concluded that5We can make a conclusion that6In conclusion7In my opinion 写作要求下面是某高中对150名高三学生睡眠时
17、间不足及其原因所作调查的结果。请根据图1提供的信息描述高三学生的睡眠情况，并针对图2中任何一个数据所反映的情况分析原因，并提出你的看法，词数100左右。参考词汇：图表chart 审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题高三学生的睡眠情况时态一般现在时为主人称第三人称为主 词句推敲1词汇做调查_有足够睡眠_熬夜_感到更清醒_充分利用白天时间_用更有效的方式_答案：make a surveyhave enough sleepstay upfeel more refreshedmake the best of daytimein a more effective way2句式62%的学生每天睡觉少于7小时，3
18、7%的学生能睡7到8个小时。一般表达：Sixtytwo percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each dayThirtyseven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours高级表达：(用while改写句子)_我们可以得出结论大部分高三学生睡眠不足。一般表达：We can conclude that most of Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep高级表达：(用that引导同位语从句改写句子)_从图2我们
19、了解到大部分高三学生没有足够睡眠的原因。一般表达：From Chart 2，we learn why most Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep高级表达：(用why引导定语从句改写句子)_答案：Sixtytwo percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day，while thirtyseven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hoursWe can draw a conclusion that mo
20、st of Senior 3 students dont have enough sleepFrom Chart 2，we learn the reasons why most Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep 妙笔成篇_One possible version：We have made a survey recently about how much time Senior 3 students can sleep every day among 150 students in a senior high school The result s
21、hows that sixtytwo percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day，while thirtyseven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours Only one percent say they can sleep for over eight hours We can draw a conclusion that most of Senior 3 students dont have enough sleepFrom Ch
22、art 2，we learn the reasons why most Senior 3 students dont have enough sleep Thirtyfive percent of the students stay up late studying hard In my opinion, we should sleep well at night so that we can make the best of daytime and study better in a more effective wayA卷 单句语法填空1Those cats _(scream) for h
23、ours答案：have been screaming2We _(wait) for him for two hours答案：have been waiting3The dollar _(climb) steadily all week答案：has been climbing4He _(help) himself to my stationery答案：has been helping5The children _(enjoy) themselves for a day答案：have been enjoying6She is very tiredShe _(work) all morning答案：
24、has been working7Tom _(apply) a work permit for you答案：has been applying8The tobacco industry _(try) to improve its image答案：has been trying9It has come to our knowledge that you _(cheat) the company答案：have been cheating10The group _(live) in a remote corner of the Cambodian jungle答案：has been living 阅
25、读理解AMy folks bought their first house in the early 1940s after Dad got a better job in Marquette, Michigan We lived just inside the city limits in what was still a rural areaIn the spring of 1948, when I was 6 years old, my parents bought a calf(小牛) to replace our cow, which had been killed the year
26、 before So one day we drove to a local farm and returned with a white and brown calf we named TubbyWe didnt own a truck, so Tubby rode home in the backseat of Dads car with my 9yearold brother, Steve, and me As you can imagine, the trip was a lot of fun for us kidsLater that summer, Mom thought it w
27、ould be cute to take a picture of me sitting on Tubbys back All went well until the snap of the camera shutter sent Tubby charging off on a run, with me holding on for dear lifeI lasted for about 30 feet before I hit the ground Mom was quick enough to shoot a followup picture, so we had photos of me
28、 both on and off Tubby!When summer had passed, the day arrived for poor Tubby to fill our freezer I must have been somewhere else with my Mom on the fateful day, because I have no memory of how it happened All I knew was that the barn was empty, and that we had plenty of meat for dinnersI hadnt live
29、d on a farm like my mother, so I didnt understand that what happened to Tubby was not unusual Livestock(家畜) arent meant to be pets, and most farm kids know and accept that truthWhenever we had beef for dinner, I would tearfully ask，“Is this Tubby？”This went on for a couple of weeks until Dad had fin
30、ally had enough and declared，“No more cows！”That made me feel a little better about poor Tubby【解题导语】作者的父母买了一头小牛，叫做Tubby。作者和哥哥跟小牛一起玩得很开心。可是后来小牛被父母宰杀吃肉。作者很难过。直到父亲宣布，不再养奶牛，作者才感觉稍微好些。1The writers parents bought Tubby so that _Athey would have more cows in the futureBit would provide their children with
31、milkCthe family would have enough meat to eatDthey would no longer feel lonely on the farmC解析：推理判断题。根据文中的my parents bought a calf(小牛) to replace our cow, which had been killed the year before可知，买这头小牛是为了养大了吃肉。2Which word can be used to describe the authors mom?ASeriousBStrongwilledCCareless DQuickmin
32、dedD解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的Mom was quick enough to shoot a followup picture, so we had photos of me both on and off Tubby！可知，母亲是反应很快的。3We learn from the passage that _ASteve was not so fond of Tubby as his younger brotherBthe author had much trouble with Tubby in the summerCthe authors mom thought it natura
33、l to kill a cow for meatDthe author was pleased to see their freezer filled with beefC解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的I hadnt lived on a farm like my mother, so I didnt understand that what happened to Tubby was not unusual(我没有像妈妈那样在农场中生活过，所以我不明白宰杀Tubby为什么是很正常的。)可知，妈妈认为杀掉牛吃肉是很正常的。4We can most probably read the text
34、above in a website on _Apets BeducationCdiet DanimalsA解析：文章出处题。作者在本文中表达了对小牛的爱和思念。应该是出自宠物板块。BOne day while shopping in a small town in southern California, it was my misfortune to be approached by a clerk whose personality conflicted with mine He seemed most unfriendly and not at all concerned about
35、my intended purchase I bought nothing, and marched angrily out of the store My hostility toward that clerk increased with each stepOn the outside, standing by the road, was a darkskinned young man in his early twenties His expressive brown eyes met and held mine, and in the next instant a beautiful,
36、 dazzling smile covered his face I gave way immediately The magnetic power of that smile dissolved all bitterness within me, and I found the muscles in my own face happily responding “Beautiful day, isnt it？” I remarked, in passing Then, I turned back “I really owe you a debt of gratitude，”I said so
37、ftly His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer A Mexican woman and two men were standing nearby The woman stepped forward and eyed me inquiringly “Sir, but he doesnt speak English，” she volunteered“You want I should tell him something？”At that moment I felt transformedThe young mans smile
38、 had made a big person of me“Yes，” my reply was enthusiastic and sincere, “tell him I said Thank you！”“Thank you？” The woman seemed slightly puzzledI gave her arm a friendly pat as I turned to leave “Just tell him that，” I insisted“Hell understand; I am sure！”Oh, what a smile can do! Although I have
39、 never seen that young man again, I shall never forget the lesson he taught me that morning From that day on, I became smileconscious, and I practice the art diligently, anywhere and everywhere, with everybody 【解题导语】作者在一次对别人充满了怨恨的时候， 从一位迎面而来的小伙子那里感悟到了微笑的巨大能量。5The author left the store angrily becaus
40、e _Ahis intended purchases were of poor qualityBtheres nothing he wanted in the shopCthe clerk didnt speak EnglishDthe clerk didnt treat him kindlyD解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句He seemed most unfriendly and not at all concerned about my intended purchase 可知答案。6The underlined word “hostility” in the first paragra
41、ph probably means “_”AattitudeBhatredCidea DopinionB解析：词义猜测题。由前面的描述可以看出， 由于售货员的不和善， 我很生气， 由此可以看出四个选项中只有hatred(怨恨、讨厌)的逐渐增加符合语境。7What does the author mean by saying “I found the muscles in my own face happily responding” in Paragraph 2?AHe did not want to smile BHe would thank the young man CHe smiled
42、 back at the young man DHe was happy to meet the young man C解析：句意理解题。该句中的最后一个词意为： 回应。由此可以看出， 对于对方的微笑， 我同样以微笑来回应。8The passage tells us that we should _Ahelp people in trouble Bsmile at othersCpractice smiling every day Dbe generous to strangersB解析：主旨大意题。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们微笑的重要意义， 因此B项正确。 语法填空Mr Brown like
43、d taking photos He dreamed of becoming a 1_ (photograph) one day But he had no time for his dream 2_ his work kept him too busyOne day, he made a big mistake at work His boss was so angry that he fired 3_(he) Mr Brown came back home with a broken heart When his wife noticed he was upset, she asked h
44、im the reason Mr Brown told her that he 4_(lose) his jobHe thought his wife would be sad to hear that But she didnt look sad at all5_， she smiled and said, “You are lucky, my dear Now you finally have time for your dream” But Mr Brown wasnt happy He asked, “What shall we live 6_while Im taking photo
45、s around the city？” 7_(surprising), his wife opened a drawer and pulled out a big sum of money “How did you get that？” Mr Brown asked“I have always known you are good at 8_(take) photos I knew that someday youd succeed, so Ive been saving money all these years for you 9_(follow) your dream”Hearing t
46、hat, Mr Brown 10_(move) deeply He felt lucky to have married a woman who supported his dream【解题导语】Mr Brown失业了，他妻子不但不难过，反而鼓励他去追求他的梦想。1photographer解析：考查名词。photograph后面加er表示做摄影的人，此处表示摄影师。2 because解析：考查连词。his work kept him too busy是在解释原因，故填because。3him解析：考查代词。him指代Mr Brown。4had lost解析：考查动词时态。lose的动作发生在t
47、old之前，故表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时态。5Instead解析：考查副词。句意：他以为他的妻子会很伤心，可是她看起来一点都不难过，相反地，她还笑了。instead意为“相反地”。6on解析：考查介词。live on sth意为“靠生活”。7Surprisingly解析：考查副词。此处表示“令人吃惊的是”，故用surprising的副词形式。8taking解析：考查非谓语动词。be good at doing sth意为“擅长做”。9to follow解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式表示“为了”。10was moved解析：考查动词语态。Mr Brown与move之间是被动的关系，
48、故用被动语态。全文发生在过去，故用过去时态的被动语态。B卷 阅读理解AAlmost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for We do know, however, that they existed over 5，500 years ago in ancient AsiaThe oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002
49、in SloveniaIt is over 5，100 years oldEvidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while, though This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans aroundBut it could also be because of a difficult situation While wheels need to roll
50、on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design bef
51、ore the arrival of modern road designIn the mid1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer(层) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality At around the same time,
52、metal hubs (the central part of a wheel)came into being, followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster1What might explain why transport wheels didnt beco
53、me popular for some time?AFew knew how to use transport wheelsBHumans carried farming tools just as wellCAnimals were a good means of transportDThe existence of transport wheels was not knownC解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and hum
54、ans around” 可知， 由于当时动物使用的方便使得轮子一时没能普及。2What do we know about road design from the passage?AIt was easier than wheel designBIt improved after big changes in vehicle designCIt was promoted by fastmoving vehiclesDIt provided conditions for wheel design to developD解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“There had beendesig
55、n” 可知， 在现代的道路设计之前， 轮子和车辆的设计是没有重大变化的。故选D项。3How is the last paragraph mainly developed?ABy giving examplesBBy making comparisonsCBy following time orderDBy making classificationsC解析：文章结构题。根据第四段中的时间数据mid1700s, 1820s, 1846, 1967可知， 整个段落是按时间顺序展开说明的。4What is the passage mainly about?AThe beginning of road
56、 designBThe development of transport wheelsCThe history of public transportDThe invention of fastmoving vehiclesB解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了轮子的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响， 故选B项。BI visited my friend Mike last weekendAs soon as I entered his sitting room, I noticed he had a new TV set hanging on the wall Its a really big
57、 TV I immediately said, “What a great new TV set! Im sure now you just want to watch it every day” To my surprise, Mike didnt look happy at all Instead, he said, “Id rather I hadnt thrown away my old TV Though this TV is very smart, I dont think its safe to use” I couldnt believe my ears So I asked
58、why Instead of saying anything, Mike handed me a 46page privacy (隐私) policy After I read it, I no longer thought Mike had made the right choiceMikes TV is a smart TV Unlike older TVs, it doesnt just offer access to TV programs Instead, it also delivers a lot of multimedia contents, games, apps, soci
59、al media and Internet browsingSuch TVs are surely popular with young people, who like smart electronic devices after all I like such electronic devices, too, because they can make our lives much more convenient And they can also make us concernedTake Mikes TV for example, it can collect a huge amoun
60、t of dataIt logs where, when, how, and for how long you use the TV It sets tracking cookies designed to find when you have viewed particular contents or a particular email message It records the apps you use, the websites you visit, and how you use them In one word, you have no privacy at all when y
61、oure using such a smart TV You may wonder why smart TVs do that Well, they do that for advertising purposesWe all should have our privacy And I hope smart TV manufacturers become aware of that and respect their consumers privacy【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。讲述了智能电视给我们带来很多方便的同时也威胁到我们的隐私。5In Paragraph 1, its imp
62、lied that Mike got a new TV but he _Agave it up to the writerBconsidered it too smartCwas much satisfied with itDwas mixed with happiness and sadnessD解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的To my surprise, Mike didnt look happy at all Instead, he said, “Id rather I hadnt thrown away my old TV Though this TV is very smart, I
63、 dont think its safe to use”可知Mike在享受智能电视带来的方便的同时也在承受它带来的苦恼。6Paragraphs 2 & 3 mainly show us that _Asuch a smart TV is of various practical usesBMikes TV cannot be used in children gamesCMikes TV cannot be connected to the InternetDsuch a smart TV can just offer access to TV programsA解析：推理判断题。根据第二、三
64、段的内容可知Mike的智能电视功能很多。7 Smart TVs collect the data to _Aprotect the users privacyBadvertise in a better wayCknow better about TV users Dhelp provide better TV programsB解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的You may wonder why smart TVs do that Well, they do that for advertising purposes可知应选B。 短文改错One Sunday last month I go s
65、hopping with my friends Luckily in a crowded store, I had my wallet losing I was such upset that I almost shoutedI was afraid to tell to my parents the truth So I went back to school without some money I didnt know what to do next I didnt eat anything Monday My roommate Mary found something wrong wi
66、th me but she asked me about the problem I told him the truth Then Mary lent me some money, with that I lived through the terrible week答案：One Sunday last month I shopping with my friends in a crowded store, I had my wallet I was upset that I almost shoutedI was afraid to tell my parents the truth So
67、 I went back to school without money I didnt know what to do next I didnt eat anything Monday My roommate Mary found something wrong with me she asked me about the problem I told the truth Then Mary lent me some money, with I lived through the terrible week 书面表达据调查，人们对学生网上交友持不同意见。请以“Should Students
68、Make Friends Online？”为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍不同看法，并表达自己的观点。赞成方认为反对方认为你的观点1可以广交朋友1浪费宝贵时间 请考生列举一到二点2自由表达思想2影响正常学习3利于学习外语3容易上当受骗注意：1对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2词数100左右；3作文中不得提及考生所在班级和本人姓名。参考词汇：网络朋友online friend(s)；上当受骗to be cheated；意见opinion_One possible version：Should Students Make Friends Online?Some people say yes
69、 The Internet helps students make many friends Chatting online, students can express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language studies Others, however, think students should not make online friends They think it a waste of time to make friends online, whic
70、h should be spent more meaningfully on their studies Otherwise, their normal studies will be much affected Besides, some students may even get cheated online From my point of view, students should think of their study, health and safety first As for friendship, we can easily find it in our classmates and other people around us
