1、第2课时 高瞻远瞩锁定主旨大意类题目怎么考主旨大意类题目主要考查全文的主旨大意、段落的中心思想，作者的写作目的和文章标题。常见的设问方式有：1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2.The passage is mainly about _.3.The best title/headline for this passage is _.4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that _
2、.6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main ideaof the passage?8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?怎么学在平时的阅读练习中，注意文章的体裁，把握作者的写作目的与思路，学会抓主题句、主题段，关注文章的首段、尾段、每段的首句和尾句等。另外，掌握略读与细读的基本技巧，学会积累、寻找关键词像the most importa
3、nt，finally等，像概括类词therefore，in a word等。怎么解做此类题目时做到：1.高瞻远瞩，不可以偏概全；不可以个人的思想代替作者的思想。2.在了解全文大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系；3.看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确；4.要注意选项中所给出的题目范围是否过大或过小。要避免以下三种错误：概括不够，过度概括，以事实细节替代概括性强的大意。5.找主题句的四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually，while，on the contrary，in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。(2
4、)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的词或短语有therefore，thus，in short，conclude，in conclusion等。【典例剖析1】体裁：议论文 话题：睡眠 词数：248 时间：7(2016四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has longbeen the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep.Butnow a study has found
5、 it really does help people nod offif it ismilked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains moremelatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feelsleepy and reduce anxiety.The study,by researchers from Seoul,South Korea,involvedmice being fed with dried milk pow
6、der made from cows milkedboth during the day and at night.Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amountof melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed withthe milk collected during daytime,according to the study publishedin The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickene
7、d the start of sleep and caused the miceto sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time hasnot been tested on humans up to now,taking melatonin drugs hasbeen suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can bee
8、xcellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,whichhelps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionistsrecommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it isthe least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime,thegreater burden you will put
9、on your body at night.【语篇解读】这是一篇科普文章。好多人有晚上睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶的习惯，认为有助于睡眠。但是现在，一项研究发现如果是夜间挤的奶，它确实帮助人们睡眠。1.According to the text,the mice fed with daytime milk_.A.started sleep more easilyB.were more anxious C.were less activeD.woke up later 答案 B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Those given nightmilk,which contained 10 times the
10、 amount of melatonin,wereless active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collectedduring daytime”可知喝白天挤的牛奶的老鼠比喝夜间挤的牛奶的老鼠更容易焦躁。2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?A.Its been tested on mice for ten times.B.It can make people more energetic.C.It exists in milk
11、in great amount.D.Its used in sleeping drugs.答案 D 是非判断题。根据第六段中的“taking melatonindrugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fallasleep at night”可知，褪黑激素已经制成药物供那些难以入睡的人服用。3.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat Sugar and Health C.An Experiment on Mice D.Mil
12、k Drinking and Health 答案 A 主旨大意题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A 是文章的最佳标题。4.How does the author support the theme of the text?A.By giving examples.B.By stating arguments.C.By explaining statistical data.D.By providing research results.答案 D 篇章结构题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。【典例剖析2】体裁：议论文 话题：消息传播 词
13、数：347 时间：8(2016全国卷，D)Bad news sells.If it bleeds,it leads.Nonews is good news,and good news is no news.Those are the classicrules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But nowthat information is being spread and monitored(监控)in differentways,researchers are discovering new rules.By track
14、ing peoplese-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news canspread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media，”saysJonah Berger,a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“Theywant your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But w
15、henyou share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how theyreact.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication-e-mails，Web posts and reviews,face-to-face conversations-foundthat it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),but thatd
16、idnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperienced more good things than bad things?To test for thatpossibility,Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular setof news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Timeswebsite.He a
17、nd a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months.One of his first finds was that articles in thescience section were much more likely to make the list thannon-science articles.He found that science amazed Times readersand made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Re
18、aders also tended to share articles that were exciting orfunny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,butnot articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other,and they preferred good news to bad.Themore positive an article,the more likely it was t
19、o be shared,asDr.Berger explains in his new book,“Contagious:Why ThingsCatch On.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，研究表明好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播的更快、更广。5.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?A.News reports.B.Research papers.C.Private e-mails.D.Daily conversations.答案 A 细节理解题。根据首段中的Those are the classicrules for
20、 the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.可知，这些规则适用于新闻报道。故选A。6.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A.Theyre socially inactive.B.Theyre good at telling stories.C.Theyre inconsiderate of others.D.Theyre careful with their words.答案 C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，像Debbie Downer那样的人是不替别人着想的。故选 C。
21、7.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr.Bergersresearch?A.Sports news.B.Science articles.C.Personal accounts.D.Financial reviews.答案 B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，人们更愿意发送一些科学类的文章。故选B。8.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Sad Stories Travel Far Wide.B.Online News Attracts More People.C.Reading Habits Change with the Times.D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks.答案 D 文章标题题。文章主要表明了通过研究证明了好消息要比坏消息在网络上传播的更快、更广。故选D。
