1、Section Using languageGrammar定语从句(1)一、语法图解二、语法突破1定语从句概述定语从句定义在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从句关系词关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as关系副词when, where, why类型分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。本单元主要学习由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。2关系代词的基本用法(1)who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。He is the man who won first prize in the competition.他就是在这次比赛中获
2、得第一名的男子。Is this the girl (who) you talked of in your letter? 她就是你在信中谈及的那个女孩吗？(2)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。(3)whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震
3、中被摧毁了。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。即时演练1用适当的关系词填空(2020全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.I was amazed at the number of people who visited the Forbidden City on Saturday.(2020天津7月高考)Dr.Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, h
4、as had to do all his own typing.The professor who/whom you wish to see has gone abroad.The boys who are playing football are on the playground.(4)which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Basketball is a game which is liked by most people.篮球是大多数人所喜欢的运动。The dictionary (which) I bought last week is very useful.
5、我上周买的词典很有用。(5)that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)The managers discussed the plan that will be carried out the next year.经理们讨论了将于明年执行的那项计划。(that指物，作主语)This is a place (that) all of us are
6、 eager to visit.这是一个我们大家都十分想参观的地方。(that指物，作宾语)(6)as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如，像”。限制性定语从句中，先行词被such和the same修饰，从句都用as引导；非限制性定语从句中，as代指整个主句，意为“正如，像”。Such books as you bought are useful.你买的那类书很有用。The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.这所学校和10年前一样。As is known to all, he is the best student in our c
7、lass.众所周知，他是我们班最好的学生。名师点津(1)关系代词that可以指人，也可以指物，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语；(2)作宾语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语；(3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)；(4)such .as .与such .that .，the same .as .与the same .that .的区别：such .as .，as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；such .that .，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分；th
8、e same .as .与the same .that .都可以引导定语从句，as表示同一类，that表示同一个。3关系词只能用that而不用which的情况(1)当先行词是all, little, much, few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等不定代词时。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。(2)当先行词被the only, the very, the
9、 same, the right等修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.那是我们目前唯一能做的事。(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(4)主句是以which, who, what开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is standing by th
10、e gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the Tshirt that fits me most?哪件T恤衫最适合我？(5)当先行词中既有人，又有物时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧沿街走来的那个人和他的毛驴。即时演练2用适当的关系词填空(2020新高考全国卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir
11、 Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020浙江7月高考)Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world that/which they lived in, through agriculture.(2020全国卷)I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with a
12、ppreciation.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.Youve made the same mistake as you made last time.1inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的(教材P41)Her ideas are always inspiring.她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。(1)inspire v激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事(2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的(3)ins
13、piration n. 灵感；鼓舞；鼓舞人心的人或事物(经典佳句)Lucy is a smart girl, whose ideas are always inspiring.露西是个机灵的姑娘，她的想法总是鼓舞人心。练透单句语法填空(2020新高考全国卷)Jennifer is a firstgeneration graduate and an inspiration (inspire) to her family.David brought us a very meaningful and inspiring(inspire) game.Inspired (inspire) by the
14、memory of his mother, he composed many wonderful pieces of music.写美句式升级Your constant encouragement inspired me to be confident.It was your constant encouragement that inspired me to be confident.(改为强调句)2comfort n安慰，慰藉(教材P42) .one glass of comfort, two drops of patience, one bag of passion .一杯安慰，两滴耐心
15、，一袋激情(1)in comfort舒适地；放松地be a comfort to 对是一种安慰(2)comfort v. 安慰comfort sb.for sth. 因某事安慰某人comfort oneself with sth. 用某事来自我安慰(3)comfortable adj. 安慰的；舒适的(经典佳句)The letters that people wrote after his death gave me a lot of comfort.他去世后人们写来的信给了我极大的安慰。练透单句语法填空She was a comfort to her old father.You can v
16、isit here in the early morning or late afternoon for the most comfortable (comfort) weather.He lived in comfort all his life.写美补全句子因为他蒙受了巨大损失，他的朋友们都来安慰他。His friends came to comfort him for his suffering heavy losses.3patience n耐心(1)with patience耐心地lose ones patience 失去耐心(2)patient adj. 耐心的；能忍受的n. 病人
17、be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心be patient of sth. 忍受/忍耐某事(3)patiently adv. 耐心地(经典佳句)Making smallscale models requires a great deal of patience.做小型模型需要极大的耐心。练透单句语法填空You have to have a lot of patience (patient) when youre dealing with kids.Teachers ought to be patient with students.补全句子最后我失去了耐心，对她大吼起来。In t
18、he end I lost my patience and shouted at her.写美一句多译酒店员工必须耐心地对待客人的埋怨。Hotel staff should handle complaints from guests with patience.Hotel staff should handle complaints from guests patiently.4anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的(教材P42)the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry一种在没有焦虑或生气的情况下等待的能力(1)be anxio
19、us about sth. 为某事担心/担忧be anxious for sth./to do sth. 渴望某事/做某事(2)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心with anxiety 焦虑地(3)anxiously adv. 焦急地；忧虑地；渴望地(经典佳句)The drought has made farmers anxious about the harvest.这场旱灾使农民们因担心收成而焦虑不安。练透单句语法填空He is anxiously (anxious) waiting for the result of the medical tests.These students
20、 were anxious to know (know) the results of the exam.写美一句多译我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.巧学助记My daughter studies very hard, because she is anxious to go to college.But she is anxious about not passing the
21、College Entrance Examination.I am really anxious that she can get rid of anxiety.我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。但她又担心不能通过高考。我真希望她能够消除忧虑。维度一基础题型练单句语法填空1I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.2When facing hardships, only those who/that are confident will achieve success.3Well reach
22、the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.4I wish to thank Professor Brown，without whose help I would never have got this.5I get along well with the boy who/that does well in maths.6Do you know the lady that/whom/who our English teacher is talking to now?7Were colle
23、cting money for those whose homes were destroyed by the hurricane (飓风)8I visited the school yesterday which/that was built fifty years ago.9The girl who/that is speaking to the headmaster is our monitor.10I missed the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents thought highly of.维度二语法与写作补全句子1我的确有几
24、条建议需要你注意。I do have a few suggestions which/that you should pay attention to.2那个在大火中被毁坏了屋顶的房子是我祖父母的。The house whose roof was damaged in the big fire belongs to my grandparents.3上周我们讨论了如何帮助那个重病住院的学生。Last week we discussed how to help the student who/that was seriously ill in hospital.4在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课
25、程。In senior high school you will study more courses which/that are different from your junior middle school courses.5你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。You can also share your unhappy things with somebody whom/who/that you trust and listen to their suggestions.6这是他读的第一本书。This is the first book that he has
26、 read.维度三以语段形式练习语法根据提示，用定语从句完成下面短文Friendship is 1.a thing that can bring happiness to people(一种给人带来幸福的事物)Friendship is 2.one of the most important things that people should have (人们应该拥有的最重要的事物之一)People should make friends with 3.those whose attitude is positive (态度积极的那些人)A real friend is 4.a person who/that helps you when you are in trouble (在你困难时帮助你的人)They are 5.those who/that share happiness and sorrow with you (和你同甘共苦的人)They are brave to point out 6.the mistakes that/which can affect your future (影响你未来的错误)
