1、北京市朝阳区2021届高三英语下学期质量检测一试题（含解析）(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Take an OptionJerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something _1_ to say, which really m
2、ade me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about _2_. Its your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. _3_, he was found quickly and rus
3、hed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was _4_ from the hospital.Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had _5_ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry s
4、aid. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they _6_ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really _7_. In their eyes, I read, Hes a dead man. I knew I needed to take action. I told them, Operate on me
5、 as if Im alive, not dead. You see, I just tried to _8_ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing _9_ to live.Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your _10_, after all, is everyth
6、ing.1. A. regularB. familiarC. positiveD. typical2. A. choicesB. trendsC. relationsD. secrets3. A. NormallyB. ObviouslyC. HopefullyD. Luckily4. A. preservedB. releasedC. distinguishedD. abandoned5. A. gone throughB. put upC. turned inD. called for6. A. forcedB. followedC. wheeledD. recommended7. A.
7、boredB. frightenedC. confusedD. embarrassed8. A. expressB. shareC. gainD. inspire9. A. talentB. achievementC. desireD. evidence10. A. attitudeB. standardC. abilityD. control【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。“我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：
8、选择和态度决定一切。【1题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“He was always in a good mood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“Its your option how you live your life”（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选
9、择。故选A。【3题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据“he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of
10、 intensive care”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gone through通过；B.put up张贴；C.turned in交上；D.called for要求。根据“As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die.”（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 “我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词辨析。
11、句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“into the emergency room”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C。【7题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“Hes a dead man.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓
12、坏了。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们的信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“Operate on me as if Im alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选D。【9题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“Operate on me as if Im alive, not dead
13、.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.standard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. ”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出
14、提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Learners dictionaries, all in English, are specially designed to help students. _11_ confuses students is how they can be easy to use. Well, the definitions are simpler than the words they describethey use high-frequency words. Students can also get grammatical and usage guidan
15、ce, opposites, other expressions _12_ (use) the word and lots of examples. So you can see that the dictionary helps to increase your word power, and improve not only your reading and listening, but also your writing and speaking. There may also be a wide range of _13_ (picture) to help you understan
16、d.【答案】11. What 12. using 13. pictures【解析】这是一篇说明文。所有的英语学习词典都是专门为帮助学生而设计的，文章对这些词典的使用方法进行了介绍。【11题详解】考查主语从句。句意：让学生们困惑的是如何使它们易于使用。主语从句“confuses students”中缺少主语，且是指事物，所以应用what。故填what。【12题详解】考查现在分词。句意：学生也可以得到语法和用法指导，反义词，其他表达使用的单词和大量的例子。动词use和逻辑主语other expressions构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填using。【13题详解】考查名词复数。句意
17、：也可能有各种各样的图片来帮助你理解。a range of后应用可数名词复数。故填pictures。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。If you have been fishing you know how hard it is to catch a really big fish. One reason is that it is difficult to find the exact position of the fish. The other reason is that big fish w
18、ont just jump in the boat once they _14_ (locate). Years ago, a man named Alf Dean _15_ (overcome) both difficulties. Dean went fishing off the coast of South Australia. He pulled in a great white shark that weighed 2,664 pounds and measured over sixteen feet in length. That is _16_ (big) fish ever
19、caught by a single person.【答案】14. are located 15. overcame 16. the biggest【解析】这是一篇记叙文。抓到一条非常大的鱼是很难的，但是多年前，一个名叫阿尔夫迪恩的人抓到了迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼。【14题详解】考查一般现在时和被动语态。句意：另一个原因是大鱼一旦被找到不会直接跳上船。此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动词locate和主语they构成被动关系。故填are located。【15题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：多年前，一个名叫阿尔夫迪恩人克服了这两个困难。根据“Years ago”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故
20、填overcame。【16题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：这是迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼。根据ever可知，此处是指迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼，应用形容词最高级。故填the biggest。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Many people like travelling abroad. The extra money _17_ (bring) in can be of great benefit to these countries. However, tourism has not bee
21、n good news for the environment. First, transporting millions of tourists to their holiday destinations _18_ (pollute) the air and the seas. Secondly, some beautiful landscapes are destroyed forever due to the newly-built hotels. And finally, fresh water supplies are running low _19_ tourists consum
22、e much water. To conclude, I think tourism has a lot of negative consequences on nature. If we want our planet to be a _20_ (health) place, we need to travel less.【答案】17. brought 18. pollutes 19. because 20. healthy【解析】这是一篇议论文。虽然出国旅游会给这些国家带来好处，但是也会污染环境，作者认为为了保护环境，我们就需要少旅行。【17题详解】考查过去分词。句意：额外带来的资金可以给
23、这些国家带来巨大的利益。动词bring和主语money构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填brought。【18题详解】考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：首先，将数百万游客运送到度假目的地会污染空气和海洋。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语transporting为动名词，第三人称单数。故填pollutes。【19题详解】考查连词。句意：最后，由于游客消耗大量的水，淡水供应越来越少。“ tourists consume much water”是“fresh water supplies are running low”的原因，所以可用because引导原因状语从句。故
24、填because。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果我们想让我们的地球成为一个健康的地方，我们就需要少旅行。修饰名词place应用形容词。故填healthy。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASkillshare is a video lesson app which has become highly popular nowadays. It will likely appeal more to older kids (age 14+) since cla
25、sses focus primarily on professional development with topics like digital design, technology and marketing. There are also plenty of art and music classes for more creative learners. Read the developers privacy policy for details on how your kidsinformation is collected, used and shared, and any cho
26、ices you may have in the matter, and this privacy policy applies to all users.What is it about?Skillshare has a large database of online lessons taught by industry experts. Kids can search for a class by topic or by entering key words. Each class contains a series of video lessons that are taught as
27、 a lecture. Some classes have only a few lessons, while others have 10 or more. In fact, one guitar class has more than 100 lessons. Many classes include projects, and most end with a brief Final Thoughts lesson to sum up the class content. Theres a review section where users can leave advice. Kids
28、can watch the lessons within that class directly from the app. They can also save classes to watch later, and any classes they begin are automatically saved to a watch list. Many classes are offered in the free version of the app, and a paid version gives users access to a much more extensive class
29、listmore than 28,000 lessons.Is it any good?All the teachers in the app are passionate about their work, so its an excellent way to foster the same passion in your kids, as long as there is a genuine interest in the content being offered.What kind of membership are you interested in?1 month6 months1
30、2 months36 months$14.99 per month$12.99 per month$10.99 per month$6.99 per monthYou can cancel any time.Email address for contact: skillsharegdpr-21. The passage is intended for _.A. kidsB. parentsC. teachersD. industry experts22. How much should you pay monthly for an annual membership?A. $14.99.B.
31、 $12.99.C. $10.99 .D. $6.99.23. What can we learn from the passage?A. Skillshare allows curious older kids to learn at their own pace.B. The privacy policy is limited to the registered members of Skillshare.C. Subscribers can only cancel the order within one month of its purchase.D. Each class has m
32、ore than 100 career-related lessons in the Skillshare app.【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇广告。Skillshare是一款非常流行的视频教学应用，这是一篇针对它的广告。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句“Read the developers privacy policy for details on how your kids information is collected”（请阅读开发者的隐私政策，了解您孩子的信息是如何收集的）可推知，文章的阅读对象是家长。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题
33、。根据“What kind of membership are you interested in?”部分的表格中可知，一年的会员每个月需交$10.99。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据“What is it about?”部分中的第八句和第九句“Kids can watch the lessons within that class directly from the app. They can also save classes to watch later, and any classes they begin are automatically saved to a watch
34、list. ”（孩子们可以直接从应用程序中观看该课程的课程。他们还可以保存课程以便以后观看，他们开始的任何课程都会自动保存到一个观看列表中。）可知，Skillshare允许按照自己的节奏学习。根据第一段第二句“It will likely appeal more to older kids (age 14+)”（它可能会更吸引年龄较大的孩子(14岁以上)）可知，Skillshare允许较大的孩子按照自己的节奏学习。故选A。BWhat animal pulls at your heartstringsa panda or a toad (蟾蜍)? Zoologist Lucy Cooke dra
35、ws attention to some of the worlds least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.Cookes blogs and online videos bring her unusual storytelling style to a serious message: If
36、 we only care for the best loved animals, other important parts of the web of life could be ignored. There are so many television shows about lovely animals like koala bears and kittens, she observes. All the attention seems focused on “celebrity” animals. “Those unusual creatures attract me because
37、 they tell an amazing evolutionary (进化) story,” Cooke said. “Im interested in all of nature, not just the shiny bits.”Amphibiansanimals like frogs that live both on land and in watertop Cookes list. Over a third of amphibians are going extinct; its the worst extinction crisis since the dinosaurs wer
38、e wiped off the planet. “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,” she noted. “That motivated me to start my blog, The Amphibian Avenger. When amphibians go extinct, birds and snakes that eat them also disappear. And
39、since they breathe through their skin, they are easily attacked by pollution and climate change. That makes them fantastic instruments for measuring the health of ecosystems.”One of Cookes most popular online videos is about slothsextremely slow-moving animals that live in trees. Theyve always had a
40、 reputation for being lazy and stupid. In fact, “slothfulness” is the key to the animals success, allowing the sloths liver (肝脏) to process poisonous substances found in the leaves it eats. Moving slowly also keeps it hidden from enemies. “My video showed the world how interesting they are,” Cooke s
41、aid.The bats, dung beetles and more get their moment in the sun thanks to Cooke. “I just want people to share my sense of amazement and love for these creatures.” Cooke stated. “Once you understand why theyre ugly or odd, youll appreciate them and want to save them as much as I do.”24. Cooke started
42、 The Amphibian Avenger in order to _.A. make the animal popular with peopleB. show her unique appreciation of beautyC. introduce the research on a new speciesD. explain the importance of this kind of animal25. Cookes video about sloths is an example of _A. why some animals deserve their reputationB.
43、 why she thinks it necessary to save animalsC. how people focus on some specific animalsD. how she is trying to change peoples minds26. What is the best title of the passage?A. Animal DefenderB. Intelligent AnimalsC. Cookes Storytelling BlogsD. The Secret of Extinct Creatures【答案】24. D 25. D 26. A【解析
44、】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物学家露西库克为保护动物所做出的的努力。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well”（两栖动物在食物链中占据着一个至关重要的位置。如果你把它们移走，其他的一切也都会消失）可知，库克开始写两栖动物复仇者是为了解释这种动物的重要性。故选D。【
45、25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Theyve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid.（他们总是以懒惰和愚蠢而闻名。）”和最后一句“My video showed the world how interesting they are”（我的视频向世界展示了他们是多么有趣）可知，这个视频是为了改变人们对树懒的看法，所以库克关于树懒的视频是她如何试图改变人们想法的一个例子。故选D。【26题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of th
46、e worlds least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.”（动物学家露西库克提醒人们注意一些世界上最不吸引人的动物。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。）以及下文露西库克的行为可知，文章主要介绍了动物学家露西库克为保护动物所做出的的努力。所以选项A（
47、动物的保护者）是最好的标题。故选A。CThe Land Under the SeaTen thousand years ago, as the last ice age ended, sea levels around the world were far lower than they are today. Much of the land under both the North Sea to the east of Britain and the English Channel which now separates France and Britain was part of a hu
48、ge region of forests and grassy plains. Then the climate gradually became warmer and the water trapped in large masses of ice was released.Now the development of advanced sonar (声纳) technology, known as bathymetry, is making it possible to study this flooded landscape in extraordinary detail. A spec
49、ial echo (回声) sounder is fixed to the bottom of a survey ship and it makes wide sweeps across the seabed. While previous technology has only been able to produce two-dimensional images, bathymetry can now use computers, satellite-positioning equipment and special software to create accurate and rema
50、rkably detailed maps. For the first time, an ancient riverbed jumps out of the three-dimensional image. The site of pre-historic settlements can now be pinpointed.According to expert Linda Andrews, this technological development is of huge significance. “We now have the ability to map the seabed as
51、accurately as we can map dry land,” she says.Once bathymetric techniques have identified sites where people might have built their homes and villages, divers can be sent down to investigate further. Robot submarines (潜艇) can also be used, and researchers hope they will find stone tools and wood from
52、 houses as proof of human activity. The idea shared by many people in Britain of their country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the findings: Britain has been inhabited for about 500,000 years and much of this time it has been linked on and off to continental Europe. It remains to b
53、e seen how far this new awareness is taken on board, however.In fact, the use of bathymetry will not be limited to the study of lost landscapes and ancient settlements. It will also be vital in finding ships that have been destroyed in accidents. In addition, commercial applications are a real possi
54、bility. Aggregates (骨材) for the construction industry are becoming increasingly expensive, and bathymetry can be used to identify suitable sites for digging for this material. Mapping the seabed will also identify places where rare plants and shellfish are living. Digging at such sites should be pre
55、vented, either to work for a profit or to make deeper waterways for massive container ships.27. How does bathymetry work?A. It has an echo sounder placed on the seabed.B. It makes use of a number of different devices.C. It produces two-dimensional images of the sea floor.D. It bases its calculations
56、 on the location of construction sites28. What does the underlined word “pinpointed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Occupied.B. Adjusted.C. Rebuilt.D. Discovered.29. The author believes a better understanding of the settlements on the seabed may _.A. attract investment in the research under the sea
57、B. inspire people to take an interest in modern technologyC. adapt the attitudes of the British to their countrys historyD. receive confirmation of rebuilding ancient man-made objects30. We can learn that the use of bathymetry will help to _.A. identify new species of plants and animalsB. provide th
58、e precise location of sunken shipsC. evaluate the cost of seeking certain resourcesD. promote the development of deeper waterways【答案】27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对先进的声纳技术，也就是水深测量技术的发展和用途进行了详细介绍。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“While previous technology has only been able to produce two-dimensional imag
59、es, bathymetry can now use computers, satellite-positioning equipment and special software to create accurate and remarkably detailed maps.”（虽然以前的技术只能生成二维图像，但水深测量技术现在可以使用计算机、卫星定位设备和特殊软件来绘制精确而详细的地图。）可知，水深测量技术使用了许多不同的设备来工作。故选B。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段倒第二句“For the first time, an ancient riverbed jumps out of
60、 the three-dimensional image.”（第一次，一个古老的河床从三维图像中跳出来。）可知，史前定居点现在能够被发现了。所以pinpoint的意思是“发现”，与discover同义。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“The idea shared by many people in Britain of their country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the findings”（许多英国人认为他们的国家是一个天然岛屿王国的想法将受到调查结果的挑战）可知，作者相信，对海底定居点的
61、更好理解可能会改变英国人对本国历史的态度。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“It will also be vital in finding ships that have been destroyed in accidents. ”（它对于寻找在事故中被摧毁的船只也至关重要。）可知，使用水深测量将有助于提供沉船的精确位置。故选B。DLessons in the Lost Art of ListeningWhen was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time someone rea
62、lly listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare.Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that
63、 teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening.Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves payin
64、g attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. Its not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respondthe degree to which you fac
65、ilitate the clear expression of another persons thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldnt you agree?” or “Dont you think?” These questions have
66、strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or her view. And youd better stay away from some personal questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or
67、for the story behind a piece of jewelry theyre wearing. Also good are expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that when people who dont know each other well ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they spend ti
68、me together achieving a task.Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart peoples attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other
69、 person is going to say.The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they dont ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle v
70、oice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.31. One of the factors that influence listening is that _.A. our confidence in lis
71、tening is decreasingB. our speech creates a lot of noise around usC. listening skills are seldom taught in schoolD. texting causes a better effect than phone calls32. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Why the art of listening gets lost by itself.B. Why effective methods are used in listenin
72、g.C. How people make themselves well understood.D. How people can reclaim the lost art of listening.33. According to the author, what should people do when they are listening?A. Avoid being absent-minded.B. Come up with curious questions.C. Focus on the speakers personal information.D. Try to find c
73、ommon interests with the speaker.34. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Listening and speaking deserve equal attention.B. Good listeners maximize the benefits for themselves.C. Bad listening ultimately contributes to peoples failure.D. Listeners clear mind facilitates speakers expression of th
74、oughts.【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失落的倾听艺术，分析了导致倾听艺术遗失的一些因素、好的倾听者所具有的一些特点和倾听所带来的潜在好处。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening.(此外，学校和大学很少开设教导认真聆听的课程或活动)”可知，影响聆听的因素之一是学校很少教授聆听技巧。故选C。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Gener
75、ally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. Its not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the oppo
76、site. A lot of listening has to do with how you respondthe degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another persons thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.(一般来说，倾听不仅仅是听别人说什么。这还涉及到注意他们是如何说的、他们说的时候做了什么、在什么语境下以及他们说的话与你有什么关系。这不仅仅是在别人滔滔不绝的时候保持沉默。恰恰相反。大量的倾听与你如何回应有关你在多大程度
77、上促进了他人思想的清晰表达，在这个过程中，你有一个清晰的自己的头脑)”可知，第三段主要讲了人们如何重新找回失传的倾听艺术。故选D。33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart peoples attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thought
78、s. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.(因为我们的大脑思考的速度要比人们说话的速度快得多，所以当你在听的时候，要小心不要走神。聪明人的注意力很容易被自己失控的想法带走。他们也可能认为自己已经知道对方要说什么)”可知，作者认为人们在倾听的时候应该避免心不在焉。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Resear
79、chers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they dont ask any questions.(善于倾听的回报肯定会是更有趣的对话。研究人员发现，细心的听众会从说话者那里获得更多信息，即使他们没有问任何问题)”以及“And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming t
80、he best you can be.(而不善倾听、有选择地倾听或根本不倾听，会限制你对世界的理解，阻碍你成为最好的自己)”可推知，优秀的听众为自己争取到了利益的最大化。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal NatureTune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and hea
81、ds in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed whythey are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from Sa
82、n Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. _35_ They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.The answer was Athens, during
83、the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competitionthe Paralympicsincluded many athletes who were born blind. _36_ Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photog
84、rapher repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. _37_ The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed c
85、hests were the marks of losers._38_ Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while its possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, its very unlikely that they could have taught them allparticu
86、larly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. _39_A. They are inborn beha
87、viours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.B. In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.C. Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.D. The result suggested that the athletes were showing
88、 their pride based on careful observation.E. The athletes behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.F. Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.G. In particular, they wanted to know wheth
89、er these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.【答案】35. G 36. C 37. F 38. E 39. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。【35题详解】根据上文“The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Fran
90、cisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的Jessica Tracy和旧金山州立大学的David Matsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的)”可知，上文提到Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法，G选项中They指代上文中Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto。故G选项“他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决
91、定的，是否是通过观察习得的”符合语境，故选G。【36题详解】根据上文“Its sister competitionthe Paralympicsincluded many athletes who were born blind. (它的姊妹比赛残奥会包括许多天生失明的运动员)”可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应，C选项中they指代上文many athletes who were born blind。故C选项“因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应”符合语境，故选C。【37题详解】根据上文“Working
92、 with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded th
93、e positions of their heads, arms and bodies. (在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy 和Matsumoto比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势)”以及后文“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were
94、the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”可知，上文提到Tracy 和Matsumoto在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故F选项“通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同”符合语境，故选F。【38题详解】根据上一段中“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, whi
95、le shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”以及后文“Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while its possible that parents may have taught their blind children some
96、 of these actions, its very unlikely that they could have taught them allparticularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.(从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小)”可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力
97、是天生就有的。故E选项“运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力”符合语境，故选E。【39题详解】根据上文“These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. (这些动作在来自世界各
98、地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumoto认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地)”可知，来自世界各地的选手动作也一致，说明骄傲和羞耻是天生的行为，A选项中they指代上文中pride and shame。故A选项“它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为”符合语境，故选A。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 （共4小题；第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。Discovered by AmateursSome astronomers spend
99、their entire careers looking for new discoveries in space, but a 10-year-old Canadian girl found one on her first try. In January, 2011, Kathryn Gray, who often studied stars, was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier. The pictures were just tho
100、usands of tiny spots of light, but Gray spotted a star that looked different in the recent pictures. Could it possibly be a supernova (超新星)? Usually a supernova is brighter, and it becomes visible through a telescope due to the brightness. Later Grays discovery was confirmed, and she became the youn
101、gest person to discover a supernova.Throughout history, important discoveries in astronomy have been made by amateurs. An early example is William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781. Uranus had been observed before, but expert astronomers thought it didnt belong to our solar system. When Hersch
102、el saw it with a telescope he had designed and built himself, he realized that it was orbiting the sun. This meant that Uranus was a planet. And so, the map of our night sky was changed forever.Then in 1930, a major discovery was made by a 24-year-old man, a farmers son, with no college education or
103、 formal training in astronomy. Clyde Tombaugh had built a homemade telescope using instructions from an article in a boys magazine. He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. He sent the pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory, who was so impressed and off
104、ered him a job on his team. Within a year, Tombaugh discovered a ninth planet, Pluto. It was regarded as a planet for 76 years, but scientists decided in 2006 that Pluto didnt meet all of the criteria for a true planet. It was then considered to be a dwarf planet.John Dobson is another influential a
105、mateur astronomer because he enabled so many others to take up astronomy as a hobby. In 1956 after constant attempts, he built a powerful telescope out of low-cost materials, such as paper tubes used in construction. With affordable tools like Dobsons telescope, more amateurs today have the technolo
106、gy that is needed to make discoveries of their own.40. How did Kathryn Gray discover the supernova?41. Why did Clyde Tombaugh get a job at the Lowell Observatory?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.The four amateur astronomers were all
107、interested in astronomy and did some research, so they finally made discoveries of their own.43. Which of the amateur astronomers mentioned in the passage has impressed you most? Why? (about 40 words)【答案】40. Kathryn Gray discovered the supernova when she was comparing recent pictures of outer space
108、to those taken years earlier. 41. Clyde Tombaugh impressed Dr. V. M. Slipher with his pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter, so he was offered a job at the Lowell Observatory. 42. The four amateur astronomers were all interested in astronomy and did some research, so they finally made discove
109、ries of their own.According to the passage, not every amateur astronomer made a discovery although they were all astronomy hobbyists. 43. (1) Kathryn Gray, the youngest person to discover a supernova, has impressed me most. Although she was young, she had her own hobby and devoted her time to it. It
110、s the key to her success. Thats why she has impressed me most.(2) John Dobson has impressed me most. He didnt make a discovery, but he provided the technology of making affordable tools, enabling more people to take up astronomy as a hobby. He is more influential in a sense. So he has impressed me m
111、ost.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个业余天文爱好者的发现或发明。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“In January, 2011, Kathryn Gray, who often studied stars, was looking at recent pictures of outer space and comparing them to pictures taken years earlier. ”（2011年1月，经常研究恒星的凯瑟琳格雷正在观察外太空最近的照片，并将它们与多年前拍摄的照片进行比较。）凯瑟琳格雷是在比较外太空最近的照片和多年前拍摄的照片时
112、发现的超新星。故答案为“Kathryn Gray discovered the supernova when she was comparing recent pictures of outer space to those taken years earlier.”。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句和第四句“He used to draw detailed pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter. He sent the pictures to Dr. V. M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory
113、, who was so impressed and offered him a job on his team. ”（他曾经画过火星和木星表面的细节图。他把照片发给了洛厄尔天文台的V.M.斯莱弗博士，后者对他印象深刻，并邀请他在自己的团队中工作。）可知，克莱德汤博画的火星和木星表面的图片给V. M.斯莱弗博士留下了深刻的印象，因此他得到了洛厄尔天文台的一份工作。故答案为“Clyde Tombaugh impressed Dr. V. M. Slipher with his pictures of the surfaces of Mars and Jupiter, so he was offe
114、red a job at the Lowell Observatory.”。【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据最后一段前两句“John Dobson is another influential amateur astronomer because he enabled so many others to take up astronomy as a hobby. In 1956, after constant attempts, he built a powerful telescope out of low-cost materials, such as paper tubes used i
115、n construction.”（约翰多布森是另一位有影响力的业余天文学家，因为他使许多人能够把天文学作为一种爱好。1956年，在不断的尝试之后，他用低成本的材料，比如建筑用的纸管，建造了一个功能强大的望远镜。）可知，约翰多布森并没有自己的发现，所以“so they finally made discoveries of their own”是错的，原因是根据文章，并不是每个业余天文学家都有发现，尽管他们都是天文学爱好者。故答案为在“so they finally made discoveries of their own”处画下划线，原因是“According to the passage,
116、 not every amateur astronomer made a discovery although they were all astronomy hobbyists.”。【43题详解】考查细节理解。如果认为Kathryn Gray最令你印象深刻，则理由在第一段。如果认为John Dobson最令你印象深刻，则理由在最后一段。其他人也是一样的答题方式。所以参考答案为“(1) Kathryn Gray, the youngest person to discover a supernova, has impressed me most. Although she was young,
117、 she had her own hobby and devoted her time to it. Its the key to her success. Thats why she has impressed me most.”或“(2) John Dobson has impressed me most. He didnt make a discovery, but he provided the technology of making affordable tools, enabling more people to take up astronomy as a hobby. He
118、is more influential in a sense. So he has impressed me most.”。第二节（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校下个月将要举办主题为“寻找春天，拥抱自然”的踏青骑行活动，请给你校的交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：1. 活动安排；2. 准备事项。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How is everything going? Spring has come and our school is
119、going to organize a cycling activity themed “Greet Spring, Embrace Nature” on April 10th. I am writing to invite you to join us.Here is some information about the activity. At 8:00 am, we will gather at the school gate and then go to the famous cycling park in the suburbs. After arriving there, we w
120、ill rent road bikes and begin our cycling along the 10-kilometer-long route. After that, we will have a picnic. Its a good chance to get some exercise and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside.Dont forget to wear your helmet and protective gloves if you come. Youd better bring your lunch pack
121、with you.I hope we can have fun together. If you are interested in it, just let me know.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Jim写封邮件，邀请他参加主题为“寻找春天，拥抱自然”的踏青骑行活动。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时，少量现在进行时和现在完成时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.介绍活动安排；2.介绍准备事项。第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）invite
122、 you to join us; gather at the school gate; rent road bikes; begin our cycling; wear your helmet and protective gloves; bring your lunch pack第三步：连词成句1.Spring has come and our school is going to organize a cycling activity themed “Greet Spring, Embrace Nature” on April 10th. 2.I am writing to invite
123、you to join us.3.Here is some information about the activity. 4.At 8:00 am, we will gather at the school gate and then go to the famous cycling park in the suburbs. 5.After arriving there, we will rent road bikes and begin our cycling along the 10-kilometer-long route. 6.After that, we will have a p
124、icnic. 7.Its a good chance to get some exercise and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside.8.Dont forget to wear your helmet and protective gloves if you come. 9.Youd better bring your lunch pack with you.10.I hope we can have fun together.11.If you are interested in it, just let me know.根据提示及关
125、键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause
126、(从句), In spite of+n/doing, On the one hand, On the other hand Some, while others, as for, sothat4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1After arriving there, we will rent road bikes and begin our cycling along the 10-kilometer-long route. （动名词作宾语）高分句型2Its a good chance to get some exercise and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside.（it作形式主语）
