1、Unit 1 A land of diversity一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词省时高效.阅读单词(知其意)1strait n海峡2Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的3ministry n. (政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责4shave v. 刮；剃5vice n& adj. 代理；副职6federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的7aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机8nephew n. 侄子；外甥9tram n. (有轨)电车10cattle n. 牛(总称)11bakery n. 面包房；面包厂12ferry n. 渡船；渡口vt. 摆渡；渡运13seagull
2、 n. 海鸥14mourn v. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛15authority n. 权威；权力(pl.)当局；官方16pole n. 地极；电极；磁极.重点单词(写其形)1rail n. 铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条2hardship n. 苦难；困苦3.occur vi.发生；出现4luggage n. 行李(美baggage)5thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的6boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期7angle n. 角；角度8civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的9hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用10grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握
3、；领会11thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的12reform v. 改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良13despite prep. 尽管；不管14nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无15brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器v. 刹(车)；用制动器减速16fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的17justice n. 正义；公平18insert vt. 嵌入；插入 .拓展单词(通其变)1distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著2immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)immigrant n(从外国移入的)移民i
4、mmigration n移民；移居入境3means n方法；手段mean v意思是；意味着 adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的meaning n意思4majority n大多数；大半major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n专业minority n少数5elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举6percentage n百分比；百分率percent adj.百分之的7racial adj.人种的；种族的race n种族；竞争8crossing n横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道cross n十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生气的 v使交叉；横过across prep.在的对面(过)9a
5、pplicant n申请人apply vi.申请application n申请书；申请10customs n海关；关税；进口税customer n顾客11socialist n社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的society n社会social adj.社会的socialism n社会主义12indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indication n迹象；标示indicator n指示器；指示信号13apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地14conductor n(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥conduc
6、t v管理15slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n滑动；滑倒 slippery adj.滑的16punishment n惩罚；处罚punish vt.惩罚；处罚语境活用1What is the meaning of the sign on the bottle?It means “this side up”(mean)2Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)3Though he failed many times in election,_he never lost h
7、eart and at last he was elected President of the USA.(elect)4He indicated that an indicator should give me some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate)5All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)6One of the
8、 major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(majority)7“Walk across this street and turn left at the first crossing.” the boy told the lady.(cross)8If a customer wants to bring the goods he buys abroad back to inland, he has to pay so
9、me customs when he passes through the Customs.(custom)9Some socialists believe that socialism will over time turn into what they see as a more advanced system with no state, money, or social classes.(society)10Over the past three years, there has been a big rise in immigration (immigrate) to the USA
10、.(二)练中记短语记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.live_on继续存在；继续生存2mark_out 标出界线；用线画出范围3apply_for 申请；请示得到4take_in 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解5keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)6make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等7back_to_back 背靠背8by_means_of_. 用办法；借助 9a_great/good_many 许多；很多10team_up_with 与合作或一起工作1.I would like to apply_for admission to the English Cl
11、ub of our school.2As senior students, it is important to keep_up a good state of mind.3A signal may be given by_means_of flags, lights, and guns.4If you team_up_with your classmates, you will surely get the same work done far better.5These teenagers dont know much of the world yet; thats why they ar
12、e so easily taken_in.6The site of the new chemical fertilizer plant has been marked_out.7After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them.(三)仿写明句式以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen
13、 thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。it is likely that .“有可能”。很有可能有一些像地球一样的星球，在那里可能也存在生命。It_is_quite_likely_that there are some planets like the earth, on which there might also be life.2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过40%
14、的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。That/This is why .“那/这就是的原因”。(2017北京高考书面表达)那就是我认为长江之行会是更好的选择的原因。Thats_why_I_think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that .人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于Itbe过去分词that从句。人们认为温室气体是全球
15、变暖的主因。It_is_believed_that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.二、课堂重点深化1majority n大多数；大半自主体验单句语法填空The majority is/are (be) in favour of banning smoking in public.The majority of astronauts from America have_been (be)men in the last few years.补全句子The white are_in_the_majority in Aust
16、ralia while the native people in_the_minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而原住民占少数。The_majority_of_the_damage_is easy to repair.大部分损失很容易补救。系统归纳(1)a/the majority of大多数in a/the majority 占多数by/with a majority of 以多数票(2)minority n. 少数in a/the minority 占少数重点强化易错处处防He won the seat with the majority of 71 votes.第二个thea佳句时时写
17、随着物价的上涨，大多数人觉得靠他们挣的钱很难生活。With the prices going up, the_majority_of_people_find_it_hard to_live_on_the_amount_of_money_they_get.名师指津“a/the majority of名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。2elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人自主体验单句语法填空She was elected as new Prime Minister last year.If I a
18、m lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students afterclass activities.系统归纳(1)elect sb. (as/to be)职位sb. be elected (as/to be)职位(职位前无冠词)(2)elect to do sth.选择做某事(3)election n. 选举重点强化易错处处防We elected him as the monitor of our class.去掉the佳句时时写(2015陕西高考书面表达)除
19、此之外，我英语很好以至于被选做英语老师的助手。Besides, I have such a good command of English that I_am_elected_as_assistant to_my_English_teacher.3occur vi.发生；出现自主体验补全句子Suddenly a_good_idea_occurred_to_her,_but she didnt know how to speak it out.她突然想到了一个好主意，但是她不知道如何说出来。I suppose it_didnt_occur_to_you_to_phone the police.我
20、想你根本就没想到打电话报警吧。系统归纳sth. occurs/occurred to sb.某事被某人想起It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that . 某人想起It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事重点强化易错处处防It never occurred me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.me前加to佳句时时写(2016全国卷书面表达)我本来打算去的，但我想起我还有一些工作要做。I had meant to go, but it_
21、occurred_to_me_that_I_had_some_work_to_do.4hire n& vt.租用；雇用自主体验单句语法填空There are many bicycles on hire in this area.There are three small boats available for hire.David used to hire his car out sometimes when he didnt need it himself.系统归纳(1)on hire出租for hire 可供出租(2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把租出去(给某人)重点强化
22、易错对对碰(employ/hire)Not having enough money, she had to hire a dress for the wedding.佳句时时写我还想知道是否包括住宿以及我是否需要租赁公寓。Id also like to know whether accommodation is included and I_need_to_hire_an_apartment.1by means of .通过；用办法；借助系统归纳by this means用这种方法by all means 当然可以；没问题by no means 决不；一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
23、重点强化单句语法填空Students build up their vocabularies by means of reading more.Only by this means is (be) it possible to persuade him out of smoking.易错处处防Without knowledge, by no means we achieve our life goal.we前加canBy this mean she solved the problem between the wife and husband.meanmeans佳句时时写(2018天津高考书面
24、表达)将会以给你发送邮件的方式告知你训练计划。You will be informed of the training schedule by_means_of_sending_you_an_email.2make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生系统归纳(1)make/earn a/ones living 谋生(2)live/lead a .life 过着生活come (back) to life 苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气bring .back to life 使苏醒过来；给活力重点强化单句语法填空She had to look for parttime babysitting
25、jobs these years to_make (make) a living.补全句子When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.当艾丽丝苏醒时，她不知道已经在那儿躺了多久。易错处处防Unfortunately, the dogs injuries were so severe that the doctor could not bring him back life.back后加to佳句时时写(2017天津高考书面表达)我很想念你，想起了你帮我习惯新生活的快乐时光。Ive miss
26、ed you a lot, thinking_about_those_happy_moments_when_you_helped_me make_a_life.3take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留自主体验写出下列句中take in的含义The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.收留While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotl
27、and and Northern Ireland.包括Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺骗Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解系统归纳take off脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功take on 呈现；雇用；承担take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)take over 接收；接管；接任；取代重点强化易错对对碰(take
28、 on/take over)After his father passed away, he took_over the business.Our factory will take_on twenty more workers next month to increase output.佳句时时写(2016浙江高考书面表达)比赛的前一个月，我花了几个小时列出日程安排包括我的目标和实际步骤。A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule taking_in_my_goals_and practical_steps.4
29、This/That is why .“这/那就是的原因”教材原句That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.自主体验Thats_why more and more people in China are interested in learning English.那就是越来越多的中国人对学英语感兴趣的原因。From space, the earth looks blue. This_is_because about seventyone percent of it
30、s surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。The reason why he has had such a great success is that he never gives up.他取得那么大的成功的原因是他从不放弃。归纳点拨(1)This/Thats why . 这/那就是的原因(2)This/That is because . 这/那是因为(3)The reason why . is that . 的原因是佳句背诵(增分要点句)(2018全国卷书面表达)Being late is not welc
31、ome. Thats why you should arrive earlier than the fixed time.(增分要点句)(2018北京高考书面表达)I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you. This is because the university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.(增分要点句)(2017北京高考书面表达)The reaso
32、n why I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River is that we can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people.本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“历史事件，文化渊源”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)历史变迁温故浅易词汇ancestor announce nationdefend history population识记生疏词汇origin n起源；由来 previous adj.早先的aggression n侵略 primi
33、tive adj.原始的abolish vt.废除；取消 immigrant n移民ancient adj.古代的 symbol n象征reflect v反映 religious adj.宗教的子话题(二)历史事件温故浅易词汇battle incident slavery dynastyweapon revolution historical escapehistoric defeat stand识记生疏词汇uprising n起义massacre n大屠杀invade vt.侵略 occupy vt.攻占；忙于compass n指南针 gunpowder n火药papermaking n造纸
34、术 printing n印刷术attack vt.& n进攻；攻击 explode vi.爆炸常用词块忆一忆in peace和平 at war交战turn against背叛 get prepared for为做准备date back to追溯到 defend .against .防御date from起源于；始于 break out爆发Long March长征 have a history of有的历史on behalf of代表 come to power上台执政in the long run从长远来看vote for/against投票支持/反对declare war on对宣战 Chi
35、nese civilization中华文明cradle of civilization文明的摇篮the May 4th Movement五四运动in memory of为了纪念写作佳句背一背In ancient times, the fastest way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days.Only when the system has
36、been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.二、话题书面表达亮一点题目要求(2015福建高考)请阅读右面图画，按要求用英语写一篇词数为120左右的短文。内容要求：1描述画面；2概述其含义；3谈谈个人感想。注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；2可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、行文连贯；3文中不能出现考生的具体信息。参考词汇：凿，钻boreIn the picture， 写作4步走第一步：句写对给词写句discouraged, reflect，count，pay off, get prepa
37、red for, a weak ray of light, absorb, steal, spare no effort, knowledge, take pains, a pile of, ancient1我们看到一个男孩坐在桌子旁，桌上有一堆书。We_can_see_a_boy_sitting_at_a_table_and_there_were_a_pile_of_books_on_it.2一丝微弱的光穿过墙上的洞照了进来，他在专心读书。A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_was_absor
38、bed_in_reading.3这是一个来自中国古代的著名的成语故事。This_is_a_wellknown_story_from_an_ancient_Chinese_idiom.4他很穷。他凿开邻居的墙在晚上“偷”光读书。He_was_poor.He_bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light_from_his_neighbors_house_to_read_at_night.5要不遗余力去获取知识，从不轻易泄气。Spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_never_get_discouraged_easily
39、.6不是故事本身而是故事反映的东西是很重要的： 有付出就有收获。Not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_counts.Hard_work_pays_off.7我们应该努力通过学习提高自己，为未来做好准备。We_should_take_pains_to_improve_ourselves_through_learning_and_get_prepared_for_the_future.第二步：量写够语句扩充8在句1中加入定语“穿着破旧的衣服”；桌子前加入定语“破旧的、木制的”。We_can_see_a_boy_in_worn
40、_clothes_sitting_at_a_shabby_wooden_table_and_there_were_a_pile_of_books_on_it.9在句4中加入“他甚至不能负担起一根蜡烛”，并用so与后面句子合并成并列句。He_was_poor.He_couldnt_afford_even_a_candle,_so_he_bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light_from_his_neighbors_house_to_read_at_night.10在句5中加入“这个故事的寓意是”和让步状语从句“不管境况多么难”。The_moral_of_
41、the_story_is:_spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_never_get_discouraged_easily_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.11在句5和句6之间增加“今天的情况是完全不同的”。Things_are_totally_different_today.第三步：语写美词句升格1用with 复合结构改写句8。We_can_see_a_boy_in_worn_clothes,_sitting_at_a_shabby_wooden_table_with_a_pile_of_b
42、ooks_on_it.2用非谓语动词合并改写句9。The_boy,_being_poor,_couldnt_afford_even_a_candle,_so_he_bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light_from_his_neighbors_house_to_read_at_night.3用强调句型改写句6。It_is_not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.Hard_work_pays_off.第四步：篇连顺衔接成文In the picture, we
43、can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in reading.This is a wellknown story from an ancient Chinese idiom. The boy, being poor, couldnt afford even a candle, so he bo
44、red a hole in the wall to“steal”light from his neighbors house to read at night. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.However, things are totally different today. It is not the story itself but w
45、hat is reflected in the story that counts. Hard work pays off. Therefore, we should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.一、复现单元考点增强备考信心.高考中的语法填空1(2016北京高考)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred (occur). 2(2015全国卷)Walls made of adobe take i
46、n the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house.3(2015福建高考)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants (apply) to attend the opening ceremony.4(2015湖南高考)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back
47、 thankfully (thankful) by the shop window.5(2014江苏高考)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last years election(elect)6(2014湖北高考)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but slipped (slip) and went down on his hands and knees i
48、n the melting snow.7(2014天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully (thoughtful) written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.高考中的完形填空(选用occur, thankful, apparent, slip, hire, take in填空)1(2018全国卷完形填空)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something _52_ to me. Tho
49、se brown eyes were very familiar. “Whats his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I knew. That stranger was my son！occurred2(2014湖北高考完形填空)One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself _50_ for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon
50、 walls. We had become a family！thankful 3(2013江苏高考完形填空)Four years later, I moved back into town.I saw many people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to _53_ a handful of people.take_in4(2011四川高考完形填空)I kept travelling between London and he
51、re and felt lighter than I had in months.In December 2008, I was _31_as a hotel manager and moved here full time.hired5(2010湖南高考完形填空)Soon it became _42_ that we were getting nowhere. I began to picture the rest of the day in the forest, without food or drink.apparent6(2010山东高考完形填空)All I had to do in
52、 the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. It really was an easy move. I was concentrating so much on keeping the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look where I was going. I missed my partners box altogether and _46_.slipped二、复
53、现话题词汇提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：每个国家都有其发展历史，尤其是作为四大文明古国之一的中国更是以悠久的历史和灿烂的文明闻名于世，这也成为高考的关注点。因此，应聚焦历史变迁，多关注历史上人物介绍、地方的兴衰以及文化的迁移和影响。考生学习和了解一定的历史知识，不仅能从过去的历史人物身上和历史事件中得到启发，了解事情的发展和迁移，对现在生活也会产生积极的影响。话题感悟学习目标 语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)(2018全国卷)1Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,
54、 like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 millio
55、n. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野)But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.2
56、Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalan
57、che (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.3But no matter how rich they were, Dawson
58、was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson C
59、ity as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大城市道森市的历史、发展与现状。1What attracted the early settlers to New York City?AIts business cultu
60、re.BIts small population.CIts geographical position.DIts favourable climate.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places . New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，纽约市吸引早期定居者之处就是它靠近哈德逊河入海口，交通和贸易便利，所以是它的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。故选C。2What do we know about th
61、ose who first dug for gold in Dawson?ATwothirds of them stayed there.BOne out of five people got rich.CAlmost everyone gave up.DHalf of them died.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.”可知，在最先的两万名淘金者中，有4 000人变得富有了，即有五分之一的人变得富有了。故选B。3What was the main reason
62、 for many people to leave Dawson?AThey found the city too crowded.BThey wanted to try their luck elsewhere.CThere were unable to stand the winter.DThey were short of food.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The city was crowded . new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，人
63、们离开道森去阿拉斯加碰运气了。故选B。4What is the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.解析：选A主旨大意题。文章第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因；第二段介绍了道森兴起的原因；第三段介绍了道森的衰落和现状，由此可知，文章主要以加拿大城市道森为例讲述了城市的兴衰。故选A。学习目标 题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透主旨大意技法(5)利用正确选项的三大特征解题(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文；(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；(3)精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。以上面文章及第4题为例：文章第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，并引出道森这一城市的兴起(rise)；第二段介绍了道森兴起的原因；第三段介绍了道森的衰落(fall)和现状。A项(The rise and fall of a city.)符合上面讲的三点。
