1、专 题 突 破 第 二 部 分 第一板块 阅读专题一 阅读理解第3讲 词义猜测题栏目导航02 高 考 例 析 03 追 踪 练 习 04 课 后 作 业 01 考 点 突 破 01 考 点 突 破(2019全国卷，B)For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.，today is speech day,andright now its Chris Palaezs turn.The 8yearold is the joker of the class.With shiningdark eyes,he seems like the ki
2、nd of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Christrips on the“ld”，a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.“Vote for me”Except for some stumbles,Chris is d
3、oing amazingly well.When he brings hisspeech to an ice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.02 高 考 例 析 A son of immigrants,Chris started learning English a little over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would ex
4、cuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need isa great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student，”Whaleyexplains,“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language,to feelconfident eno
5、ugh to say,I dont know,but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when heasked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be apresident.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than justlearning to
6、 read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boasting about yourself,and your best qualities，”Whaley says,“is very difficultfor a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”()1.What made Chris nervous?ATelling a story.BMaking a speech.CTaking a te
7、st.DAnswering a question.()2.What does the underlined word“stumbles”in paragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses.BBad manners.CSpelling mistakes.DSilly jokes.()3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare
8、 students for their future jobsDinspire students love for politics()4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?AHumorous.BAmbitious.CCaring.DDemanding.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了Canaan Elementary二年级老师ThomasWhaley发起的一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点。【思路点拨】1B 细节理解题。文章在讲Chris做演讲，根据文章大意容易得到正确答案。2A 词义
9、猜测题。猜测词义题需要结合上下文，揣摩词义，此处stumbles说的是Chris的演讲，根据第二段中的相关表达：“Im here to tell you today why youshould should”Chris trips on the“ld”，很明显他在做不应该的停顿，故答案是A。3A 推理判断题。此题的答案选项是同义转换，文章中在倒数第二段最后一句的相关表达是“He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves”。4C 推理判断题。根据整篇文章内容可以看出老师Whaley对学生充满关爱和鼓励，所以答案是C。(2018全
10、国卷，C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent timesthere has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated byhuntergatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns ofspeech independent of each other.Some language experts
11、believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languagesbetween them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,indus
12、trialisation,the development of the nationstate and the spread of universalcompulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past fewdecades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such asEnglish,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over
13、.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languagesis hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages.Oftenspoken by many people while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by smallnumbers.Europe has only around 200 languages:the America
14、s about 1,000,Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts forwell over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means thathalf the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 lan
15、guages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remainingspeakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150)Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a questionmark):none of these seems to have muchchance of surviv
16、al.()1.What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely connected.()2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined inparagraph 2?AComplex.BAdvanced.CPowerful.DModern.()3.How many l
17、anguages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800.BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400.DAbout 1,200.()4.What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines languag
18、e evolution.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。【思路点拨】1B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“When the world was still populatedby huntergatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns ofspeech independent of each otherwhen the world had just five to ten million people,theyspoke perhaps 12,000 la
19、nguages between them.”可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。2C 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知，dominant languages意为“强有力的语言”。故选C。3B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“
20、At present,the world has about 6,800languages.”和“The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which meansthat half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半，即3400。故选B。4C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的主题句“Languages have been comingand going for thousands of
21、 years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lotmore going.”可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但近代以来语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。(2017全国卷，D)When a leafy plant is under attack,it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insectssen
22、d out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from theinjured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air isa mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants giv
23、e out VOCs when being attacked.Itsa plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch theneighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do doubleduty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural en
24、emiesto the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching nowbecomes lunch.In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help theneighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors,relatively speaking,stay safer becau
25、se they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know.Maybe the firstplant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches,and so,ineffect,was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry.Soinf
26、ormation was exchanged,but it wasnt a true,intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin,over 150 years ago,imagined a world far busier,noisier and moreintimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres awhole lot going on.()1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt make
27、s noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.()2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in Paragraph 3?AThe attackers get attacked.BThe insects gather under the table.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.
28、()3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can_.Apredict natural disastersBprotect themselves against insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbors when necessary()4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe world is changing faster than ever.BPeople have stronger sense
29、s than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems.DPeople in Darwins time were more imaginative.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs(即挥发性有机化合物)，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。【思路点拨】1D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“reported that young maple trees gettingbitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighborin
30、g plants can get.Thesechemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质，故选D项。2A 词义猜测题。解答本题，需要根据本段大意和划线后面的内容“Theattacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”进行推理分析。由table及“who waslunching now becomes lunch”可知，攻击者被抓住了，并成了别人的午餐对象。因此应该选A。3B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的
31、“Scientists have found that all kinds ofplants give out VOCs when beingattacked.”及第三段中的“Some plants pump outsmelly chemicals to keep insects away”可知答案选B。4C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“imagined a world far busier,noisier andmore intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres awhole lot
32、going on.”可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂，故选C项。03 追 踪 练 习(2019全国卷，B)For Western designers,China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration forWestern creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration fordesigners，”says Amanda Hill,chief cre
33、ative officer at AE Networks,a global mediacompany and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year,the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New Yorkexhibited 140 pieces of Chinainspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works ofart,with the aim of exploring the influen
34、ce of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Westernfashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.Theexhibition had record attendance,showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook，”says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces ofbeauty and fashio
35、n campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world,which meansChinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement.”Ofcourse,not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China some ofthe best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.
36、“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu are taking on Galliano,Albaz,Marc Jacobs and beatingthem hands down in design and sales，”adds Hill.For Hill,it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player whendiscussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese,so are the models,and soare the
37、consumers，”she says.“China is no longer just another market;in many sensesit has become the market.If you talk about fashion today,you are talking about China itsinfluences,its direction,its breathtaking clothes,and how young designers and models arefinally acknowledging that in many ways.”()1.What
38、can we learn about the exhibition in New York?AIt promoted the sales of artworks.BIt attracted a large number of visitors.CIt showed ancient Chinese clothes.DIt aimed to introduce Chinese models.()2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?AThey are setting the fashion.BThey start many fashion campaig
39、ns.CThey admire super models.DThey do business all over the world.()3.What do the underlined words“taking on”in paragraph 4 mean?Alearning fromBlooking down onCworking withDcompeting against()4.What can be a suitable title for the text?AYoung Models Selling Dreams to the WorldBA Chinese Art Exhibiti
40、on Held in New YorkCDifferences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsDChinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化对西方服装设计的影响。1B 推理判断题。由关键词“the exhibition in New York”可定位到第三段，由“The exhibition had record attendance,showing that there is huge interest in Chineseinfluences.”可知，此次展览吸引了很多人来参观，故选B。2A 细节理解题。根据Hill说的话，定位文章第四段第二句可知中国女人不只是时尚的消费者，同时也在引领时尚的潮流。因此选A。3D 词义猜测题。由词句句意可知，中国设计师与欧美设计师形成竞争的关系，D选项符合语境。短语beat sb hands down意为“轻而易举地击败某人”。4D 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感来源，在时尚界已经引领世界潮流，D选项符合。04 课 后 作 业 谢谢观看
