1、Section Learning About Language（复习动词-ing 形式）情境创设语法精讲教材链接1. （教材P50）It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.2. （教材P50）As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serio
2、us injuries.3. （教材P50）The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.4. （教材P51）Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.5. （教材P51）Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin
3、.观察上面句子，并分别写出句中动词-ing形式的语法功能：句1中的v.-ing形式在句中作宾语；句2中的v.-ing形式在句中作主语；句3中的v.-ing形式在句中作表语；句4中的v.-ing形式在句中作定语；句5中的v.-ing形式在句中作状语。要点精析. v.-ing形式的构成一般式完成式主动式doinghaving done被动式being donehaving been done. v.-ing形式的功能1. v.-ing形式作主语（1）v.-ing形式作主语时，通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行为。（2020全国卷）Returning to a book youve read many t
4、imes can feel like drinks with an old friend. 重新读一本你读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。（2）有时为了避免句子主语过于冗长，通常用it代替v.-ing作形式主语。Its no use advising him. 劝他没用。2. v.-ing形式作宾语（1）能接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词有advise, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, forget, keep, imagine, stop, mind, miss, m
5、ention, practise, begin, start, like, hate, remember, regret, require, resist, suggest等。Stop comparing yourself with others.（2020全国卷）不要拿你自己和别人比较。The master keeps thinking about it.主人不停地想这件事。（2）有些动词（短语）后跟不定式和v.-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词宾语的形式意义forgetto do忘记做doing忘记做过rememberto do记着要去做doing记得做过regrettod
6、o遗憾/抱歉要做doing后悔做了tryto do尽力做doing尝试做meanto do打算做doing意味着go onto do接着做（另外一件事）doing接着做（同一件事）stopto do停下来去做doing停止做 Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。（3）下列动词可接v.-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/w
7、ant/require/deserve doing = need/want/require/deserve to be doneThe bike needs repairing/to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修理。（4）在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。趣味记忆Mrs P Black missed a bag. P布莱克夫人丢了一个袋子。该句话中每个
8、字母都代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词后面可跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：M = mind, r = risk, s = succeed in, P = practise, B = be busy, l = look forward to, a = admit, c = cant help, k = keep（on）, m = miss, i = insist on, s = suggest, s = stop, e = enjoy, d = delay, a = avoid, b = be worth, a = advise, g = give up。3. v.-ing形式作表语（1）作表语
9、的v.-ing可以表示一个动作、事实或概念，此时相当于一个名词。（2020全国卷）My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. 我16岁时的第一份工作是在尤奇亚图书馆工作。What they are required to do is taking good care of these old people. 他们需要做的就是好好照顾这些老人。（2）作表语的v.-ing也可以表示“令人的”，此时相当于一个形容词。The news is encouraging.这个消息振奋人心。4. v.-ing形式
10、作定语（1）作定语的v.-ing可以表示所修饰名词的用途。a waiting room（ = a room for waiting）候车室（2）单个的v.-ing作定语常常置于它所修饰的名词之前，v.-ing短语作定语常常置于它所修饰的名词之后。He is a modest and understanding man.他是一个谦虚且善解人意的人。（2020全国卷）All customers travellingon TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. 所有乘坐TransLink的
11、乘客在上车前必须持有有效车票。（3）作定语的v.-ing可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态，可以转换成定语从句。They lived in a house facing south（ = a house that faces south）. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。名师点津注意：现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示主动、进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。You should adapt to the changing situation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。The ground is covered wit
12、h fallen leaves.地上满是落叶。Im looking for a room to live in.我正在找房子住。5. 现在分词（短语）作状语的用法现在分词（短语）在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。（1）作时间状语（相当于一个时间状语从句）Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. = When/While(she was)walking in the park, she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时,，她看到了她的一个老朋友。（2）作原因状语（一
13、般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句）Being ill, he couldnt go to school. = As he was ill, he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。（3）作条件状语（一般放在句首, 可转换成由if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句）Working hard, youll make great progress. = If you work hard, youll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。（4）作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开。T
14、he hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。注意：现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。I h
15、urried to school, only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。（5）作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. = Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边正在读一本书。名师点津（1）为强调v.-ing形式
16、表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切, 但还是让我赔偿损失。（2）having done作状语，表示现在分词的动作先发生，谓语动词的动作后发生。Having finished the letter, he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。（having finished是先
17、发生的，went是后发生的）（3）v.-ing形式的否定式：not+v.-ing; not having+v.-edNot knowing this, he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。（4）有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from“从来判断”，takin
18、g everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。6. v.-ing形式作宾语补足语v.-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。（1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词（短语）（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+sb.+doing sth.。I felt somebody stand
19、ing behind me.我感觉有人站在我后面。I saw the little boy crying there.我看到小男孩在那儿哭。（2）表示指使意义的使役动词（常见的有have, keep, get, leave等）+sb./sth.+doing sth.。We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。（3）用于with复合结构中。I couldnt do my homework with the noise going
20、 on.由于噪音不断，我没法做我的家庭作业。With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。实战演练. 单句填空1.（2020全国卷）In fact, anyone wishing （wish） to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.2.（2020全国卷）Chinese New Year is a celebration
21、 marking （mark） the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.3.（2020全国卷）They represent the earth coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.4.（2020全国卷）Messages with emojis feel more conversational, encouraging (encourage) better and more frequent communication.5.（2020全
22、国卷）Theyll come rushing in, saying (say) their handbags been stolen.6.On a sunny day, after lunch, she sat there, reading (read) a novel.7.There was a terrible noise following (follow) the sudden burst of light.8. Judging （judge） from her letters, Mother seems to be feeling a lot better.9. Having liv
23、ed (live) in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.10.Whether you like it or not, travelling (travel) is interesting as well as tiring.11.Though she has little education, she insists on her son going (go) to college.12.The teacher told the students to stop writing (write) and to listen (
24、listen) to him.13.They were very excited (excite) at the news that someone would lend them money.14.Dont have the students studying (study) all day, which will reduce their interest in study.15.Dont leave her waiting (wait) outside in the rain. 完成句子1.（2020全国卷）有一条小河穿过农场。(flow)There is a small river f
25、lowing through the farm .2.学走路的孩子经常摔倒。(learn) A child learning to walk often falls.3.这些学生说说笑笑地走进教室。(talk; laugh)The students walked into the classroom, talking and laughing .4.孩子们让火一直燃烧着。(burn)The children kept the fire burning all the time .5.由于他不懂英语, 他不知道他们想要什么。(understand) Not understanding Engli
26、sh , he didnt know what they wanted. 语法填空1. (fall) in love with a beautiful lady, a lion went to her parents and asked them2. (marry) her to him. The old parents did not know what to say.Not 3. (hope) to give their daughter to the lion, they did not want 4. (anger) the king of beasts. At last the fa
27、ther said,“We are glad 5. (marry) our daughter to you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So 6. (remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her.”7. (love) the lady very much, the lion trimmed（修剪） his claws and took out his big teeth. 8. (come) to the parents again, he was simply laughed
28、in his face.9. (beat) out of the house, the lion felt 10. (depress)and died soon.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1.Falling 解析：1. 语篇解读这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意：有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。a lion与fall是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作状语，表示原因。答案：2.to marry 解析：2.ask sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾补。答案：3.hoping 解析：3.they与hope是
29、主动关系，用v.-ing形式作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they didnt hope to。答案：4.to anger 解析：4.want后只能用不定式作宾语，意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。答案：5.to marry 解析：5.在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。答案：6.removing 解析：6.you与remove是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作状语，表示条件，相当于if you remove。答案：7.Loving 解析：7.the lion与love是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作状语，表示原因。答案：8.Coming 解析：8.he与come是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作伴随状语。答案：9.Beaten 解析：9.the lion与beat是被动关系，用v.-ed形式作状语，表示原因。答案：10.depressed 解析：10.表示狮子“感到沮丧的”，用v.-ed形式作表语。
