1、Section Discovering Useful Structures每/日/金/句：Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事， 今日毕。语言基础集释（教材P6）Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.汤姆正盼望着迎接这名新的交换生。look forward to 盼望；期待（to为介词）look into 往里看；调查look out 向外看；当心，小心look down on/upon 俯视；轻视，看不起佳句Im looking forw
2、ard to enjoying your wonderful lecture.我期盼着欣赏你精彩的讲座。练通单句语法填空He stood up and looked forward （see） what was going on outside.A good teacher never looks down slow students.写美应用文佳句我期待着你下次来中国！ 祝我们友谊长存！ ！ May our friendship last forever!温馨提示look forward有时表示“向前看”，后面跟to do表示目的。语法专项突破句子成分和基本句型结构自主感知（教材P2）My
3、name is Amy. （教材P3）A boy meets a girl during a break. （教材P6）We must act. （教材P6）The teacher found the classroom empty. （教材P6）My mum bought me a new dictionary.自我发现句_句_句_句_句_语法规则一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。1主语（subject）主语是一句话的主体， 表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前， 通常由名词（名词短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式、
4、动名词以及名词性从句等充当。2021全国甲卷Many students say they will talk to their friends or classmates.（名词）许多学生说他们会和他们的朋友或同学聊天。We will make dumplings together. （代词）我们将一起包水饺。Seven-tenths of the earth surface is covered with water. （数词） 十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。To see is to believe.（动词不定式） 眼见为实。Learning English well is a big cha
5、llenge.（动名词）学好英语是一个很大的挑战。Who will take part in the sports meeting hasnt been decided yet.（主语从句）谁将参加运动会还没有决定。2谓语（verb）谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语位于主语之后，凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语，无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下，都被称之为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes. （简单谓语）我喜欢分享我的玩具和笑话。Great changes have
6、 taken place in China. （复合谓语）中国发生了巨大的变化。点津系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。We are students.我们是学生。3表语（predicative）表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式及短语、动词-ing形式和表语从句等充当。2021新高考卷While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit! （名词短语）你在中国时，黄山是必游之地！English is both useful and important.（形容词）英语有用且
7、很重要。My hobby is collecting stamps.（动名词短语）我的爱好是集邮。The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.（动词不定式短语）最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.（表语从句）我相信，我们的国家将变得越来越强大。4宾语（object）宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象， 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短
8、语或名词性从句等充当。Everyone has bad days and good days. （名词）每个人都有糟糕的日子和开心的日子。I can get them to know more about Chinese painting. （代词）我可以让他们更多地了解中国绘画。He wants to challenge himself. （动词不定式短语）他想挑战自我。Im looking forward to seeing you earlier. （动名词短语）我期盼着早点看到你。5宾语补足语（object complement）有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整， 还需要加上宾语补
9、足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后， 一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。We all find him kind and friendly.（形容词）我们都觉得他善良友好。My mother always keeps everything in good order.（介词短语）我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.（动词不定式短语）老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪音。Ive never seen her dancing.（现在分词）我从未看见过她
10、跳舞。He was very happy to see the work finished. （过去分词）他很高兴看到这项工作完成了。6定语（attributive）定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语或从句等充当。These are apple trees.（名词）这些是苹果树。Its an impressive story. （形容词）那是一个令人印象深刻的故事。We went to a lecture on Italian art. （介词短语）我们去参加了一个关于意大利艺术的讲座。2021天津3月卷As a Chines
11、e who is particularly interested in travelling, I would like to introduce my favorite cityBeijing. （定语从句）作为一个对旅游特别感兴趣的中国人，我想向你介绍我最喜欢的城市北京。The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（现在分词、过去分词短语）那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。7状语（adverbial）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格或从句等充当。Im very pleas
12、ed to see you.（副词）见到你我非常高兴。Ill be back in a while.（介词短语）我一会儿就回来。2021浙江6月卷When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. （状语从句）房子刚建的时候，比现在小得多。She was lying in bed, reading a book.（现在分词）她躺在床上看书。8同位语（appositive）若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。We students should study hard.（名词
13、）我们学生应该努力学习。Professor Wang, a famous scientist, will give us a talk tomorrow.（名词短语）王教授，一位著名的科学家，明天将给我们做报告。即时演练1写出画线部分所作的成分指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分The students got on the school bus.He handed me the newspaper. I shall answer your question after classWhat a beautiful Chinese painting! His job is to train swi
14、mmersHe took many photos of the palaces in BeijingHis wish is to become a scientist二、基本句子结构句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下：1主语谓语（SV）Class主语 begins谓语开始上课。The little boy主语 is crying谓语小男孩正在哭泣。2主语谓语宾语（SVO）2021全国乙卷Online learning主语 has谓语 both advantages and disadvantages宾语
15、在线学习既有优点也有缺点。2021全国甲卷Their answers主语 also show谓语 that they dislike talking to others宾语. 他们的回答也显示出他们不喜欢和别人说话。You主语 must listen to谓语 me宾语你必须听我说。3主语系动词表语（SLink-VP）2021浙江6月卷 Three of the four Lincoln sons主语 were系动词 born here表语. 林肯的四个儿子中有三个出生在这里。2021浙江6月卷It主语 was系动词 sweet and fresh表语它又甜又新鲜。He主语 became系动词
16、 a teacher表语 of English.他成了一名英语教师。She主语 looked系动词 a little annoyed表语她看上去有点生气。温馨提示英语中的系动词有：be动词、感官动词（look，smell，taste，feel，sound等）、表变化类动词（如get，become，turn，go，grow，come等）、表保持类动词（如keep，stay，remain等）。4主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 （直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语）（SVIODO）I主语 bought谓语 John间接宾语 a birthday gift直接宾语我给约翰买了一个生日礼物。My mother主语
17、gave谓语 a piece of cake直接宾语 to介词 the boy间接宾语我的妈妈给了那个男孩一块蛋糕。温馨提示常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词（1）give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, allow, return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。Please hand him a book!Please hand a book to him!请递给他一本书。（2）buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换
18、为介词for的宾语。Her father bought her a bike.Her father bought a bike for her.她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。（3）ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。The car cost me 2，000 yuan for the repair.这次修车花了我两千元。5主语谓语宾语宾补状语（SVOOCAd）I主语 made谓语 the room宾语 warm宾补 last night状语昨晚我让屋子暖和些。I主语 heard谓语 him宾语 singing宾补 in the room状语我听见他在屋子里唱歌。6主
19、语谓语状语（SVAd）状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）。His father主语 has gone谓语 abroad状语他的父亲出国了。They主语 talked谓语 for half an hour状语他们谈了半个小时。The time主语 passed谓语 quickly状语时光飞逝。7主语谓语宾语状语（SVOAd）副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词。He主语 knows谓语 what to do宾语 next状语他知道下一步做什么。I主语 had谓语 my first maths class宾语 in senior high状语我上了高中第一堂数学课。I主语
20、 waited for谓语 him 宾语 at the school gate状语我在校门口等他。8there be句型，意为“有”在there be句型中，be后面的名词是主语，there be句型中谓语的单复数形式与其邻近的名词保持一致。There is a piano in my room.我房里有一架钢琴。There are 56 students in our class.我们班里有56名学生。There seems to be a car under the tree.树底下好像有一辆车。即时演练2写出下列句子所属的类型In other words，most of us are a
21、nxious about our future._Our teacher showed us an impressive experiment just now._An old man was walking slowly and carefully._The girl talked about her campus life._The outgoing girl made her speech impressive._The sun was shining._He is designing a new dress carefully._There are ten boys in the classroom._Section Discovering Useful StructuresPart 1语言基础集释to seeon/uponI am looking forward to your next visit to ChinaPart 2语法专项突破句子成分和基本句型结构自我发现主语系动词表语主语谓语宾语状语主语谓语主语谓语宾语宾补主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语即时演练1主语定语间接宾语谓语状语定语定语表语宾语状语主语表语即时演练2主语系动词表语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语主语谓语状语主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语主语谓语主语谓语宾语状语There be.句型
