1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 北京卷 英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take
2、a break. Suddenly, I 1 a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I 2 guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill ( 寒意 ) go through my body.My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I thoug
3、ht was 3 that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was 4 to open the door.He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. Hed need time to 5 , and wouldnt come for class the next day, I thought.The
4、 next morning, one of the first to 6 was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his 7 could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how 8 I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.”That cold Monda
5、y morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to 9 . To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didnt attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in 10 .1Acaused Bspotted Cchecked Dimagined2Ahesitantly Brandomly Cdizzily Dcarefully3Aangr
6、y Babsent Cspecial Dnoisy4Acourageous Bcontent Cunable Dunwilling5Arecover Bplay Cchange Dwait6Asettle Bgather Carrive Dreact7Asneeze Bweep Ccomplaint Dlaughter8Alucky Bhappy Ccurious Dnervous9Ashow up Bpull up Chold up Dline up10Agratitude Bforgiveness Cfaith Dkindness第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，
7、根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AHelen was walking down the street late 11 the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didnt notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her
8、. Fearful that he might have an intention 12 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 13 (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!BWhy do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 14 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are
9、learned. Its easy to explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated wi
10、th danger.CSince people cant always eat out or cook for 17 (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18 are only good for one use. Thats a big problem and it is getting ev
11、en 19 (bad). The use of those plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world wont survive if this situation continues.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme availab
12、le to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study youre enrolled in.PASS doesnt re-teach or deliver new content. Its an opportunity to deepen
13、 your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.Registration in Term 2 wi
14、ll open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.Waiting listsIf a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. I
15、f you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.DeregisteringIf you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance shee
16、t at each session to record your attendance.Youll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice umbs. edu.21In PASS, students _.Aattend new lectures Bdecide their own schedu
17、lesCprepare problem sets in groups Duse their skills to solve problems22What can students do if a session is full?AFill in the attendance sheet. BSign up for the waiting list.CReport their needs and feedback. DEmail the office their numbers on the list.23Students will be deregistered if _.Athey send
18、 emails in error Bthey fail to work interactivelyCthey give their places to others Dthey miss two sessions in a rowBMy name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on
19、, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school.
20、 His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with himan idea that had seemed completely impo
21、ssible. This first contact was where my story began.A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice
22、 enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people wor
23、king to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped s
24、o many people from reaching their potential: I cant. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.24What was the main cause for Alices anxiety?AHer inability to ac
25、t her age. BHer habit of consumption.CHer desire to be perfect. DHer lack of inspiration.25How did Grant Browns presentation influence Alice?AShe decided to do something for nature. BShe tasted the sweetness of friendship.CShe learned about the harm of desire. DShe built up her courage to speak up.2
26、6The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more _.Aintelligent Bconfident Cinnovative Dcritical27What can we learn from this passage?APractice makes perfect. BPatience is a cure of anxiety.CAction is worrys worst enemy. DEverything comes to those who wait.C“What would the world be if there
27、 were no hunger?” Its a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isnt part of real lifeand learning how to make it realis a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scienti
28、sts. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The resultan approach known as systems thinkingis now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering
29、the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect ( 交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food systemor any other networkrequires three things to happen. First, researc
30、hers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food secur
31、ity, the number of undernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine lear
32、ning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicalsand that the vast majority are not known.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find,
33、the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress ( 修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their di
34、rect lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone dont produce results, but concluded that “well never produce results that we cant envision”.28The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to _.Aillustrate an argument Bhighlight an opinionCintroduce
35、 the topic Dpredict the ending29What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?AThe first objective of systems thinking hasnt been achieved.BThe relationships among players have been clarified.CMachine learning can solve the nutrition problem.DThe impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.30As for
36、 systems thinking, which would the author agree with?AIt may be used to justify power imbalance.BIt can be applied to tackle challenges.CIt helps to prove why hunger exists.DIt goes beyond human imagination.DQuantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me art
37、icles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades,
38、 quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.
39、” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep. “Whats new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, re
40、searchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement.
41、 But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patien
42、tly answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to b
43、uilding a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be lead
44、ing all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels _.Asympathetic Bunconcerned Cdoubtful Dexci
45、ted32What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?AHis dominance in physics. BThe competition in the field.CHis confidence in PyQuantum. DThe investment of tech companies.33What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?AOpen. BCool. CUseful. DResistant.34Which wou
46、ld be the best title for the passage?AIs Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?BIs Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?CWill Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?DWill Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Health and
47、fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 35 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. 36 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towar
48、ds maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 37 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with ou
49、r age and the climatic conditions we live in.It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 38 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our
50、own health and age.Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune ( 免疫 ) system and protects us against diseases. 39 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.AFitness levels decide the qu
51、ality of life.BHealth and fitness are interrelated to each other.CIt also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.D For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.E If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.F There are some activities which everyone should do i
52、n our life.GThis makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur ( 创业者 ), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by
53、kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused ( 浸泡 ) water.Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids
54、 better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.The bottle is made with a strainer ( 滤网 ) that all
55、ows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of
56、 the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked w
57、hat advice hed give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your familys support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”40What did Tom witness at his own school?41Where did Tom get the idea
58、for the original model for the Fun Bottle?42Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates a
59、ll the profits to the OHG.43Among Toms qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1建议交流的具体内容及其原因；2交流时间和其他相关事项。注意：1词数100左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）英语
60、参考答案第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1B 2D 3B 4C 5A6C 7D 8B 9A 10C第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）11in 12to harm 13caught 14supported 15whether16has 17themselves 18which 19worse 20has increased第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）21D 22B 23D 24C 25A26B 27C 28C 29A 30B31A 32C 33A 34D第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共
61、10分）35G 36B 37D 38F 39C第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）40Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.41Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.42Tom is most proud o
62、f the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.43略。第二节（20分）范文：Dear Jim,Hows everything?Im writing to invite you to give us an online talk
63、on English writing. Our classmates seem to be weak in organisation. Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how to develop a paragraph, and how to structure an essay?The talk will be about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience. Please let me know which platform youll be using. It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua
