1、Unit 4 第四课时.阅读理解A(2013天津)Last nights meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors pas
2、sing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a hu
3、ge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures t
4、o fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds. According to the International Dar
5、kSky Association. “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animals casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be h
6、armful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its ci
7、ty in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，作者通过一场不令人满意的流星雨引出话题，阐述了光污染对于人类及动物所造成的危害，号召人们不需要的时候，把
8、灯关掉。1It happened last night that _.Athe citys lights affected the meteor watching Bthe meteors flew past before being noticed Cthe city light show attracted many people Dthe meteor watching ended up a social outing答案：A细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话：他们发现的是被城市灯光照得如此明亮的天空使得划过我们头顶的流星暗淡无光，所以可以知道城市灯光影响了流星雨的观看。故选A项。2What
9、 do the astronomers complain about?AMeteor showers occur less often than before. BTheir observation equipment is in poor repair. CLight pollution has remained unsolved for years. DTheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.答案：C细节理解题。由第三段一二句话，可知天文学家们几十年来以直报怨这个问题，说明光污染的问题多年没有解决。故选C项。3What th
10、e author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?ABirds may take other migration paths. BAnimals living habits may change suddenly. CVarieties of animals will become sharply reduced. DAnimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.答案：D细节理解题。第四段主要讲了室外光对于动物的影响，所以作者担心动物的生存受到室外光的威胁。故选D项。4Lighting r
11、egulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to _.Alessen the chance of getting cancer Bcreate an ideal observation condition Censure citizens a good sleep at night Denable all creatures to live in harmony答案：B细节理解题。由最后一段第二句话可知两个城市加强灯光规定是为了帮助观测台的天文学家们，也就是创造一个理想的观测条件。故选B项。5What message does th
12、e author most want to give us?ASaving wildlife is saving ourselves. BGreat efforts should be made to save energy. CHuman activities should be environmentally friendly. DNew equipment should be introduced for space study.答案：C目的意图题。全文是关于光污染所造成的危害，也就是让人们知道人的活动应该注意环境保护。BOf all the planets, none has capt
13、ured the worlds imagination like Mars. Its reddish color and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.In Cosmos, the television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English s
14、cience fiction writer H. G. Wells The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works. Carl Sagan s
15、aid that both ideas influenced the public deeply.Today, Mars continues to excite humansnot as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.The Smithsonians
16、 Mars Day offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about Mars and its geology from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking landers that
17、 reached Mars in July of 1976. They also saw meteorites (陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eightyearold Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right. He said, “Its actually orangish more than red and its also kind of brown.” Emma is six. She lear
18、ned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars. She said, “The closest thing to Marsthe stuffis from volcanoes mostly.”Mars Day offered Allison and Alycias children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes. 文章大意：在“火星日”，
19、人们可以对火星有更好的了解和认识。6What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? AWhy Martians were considered threatening.BWhy Mars has captured the worlds imagination.CWhat people generally thought of Mars in the past.DHow H. G. Wells got the idea for his science fiction.答案：C主旨大意题。通读第二段，可知主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识，故选C。7It is implied
20、in Paragraph 3 that _. Atodays space scientists still know nothing about MarsBtodays space scientists are very interested in MarsCscience fiction films are no longer set in MarsDspace scientists havent made any progress in knowing Mars答案：B推理判断题。根据第三段的“Today, Mars continues to excite humansnot as the
21、 object of science fiction but of scientific study.”以及后一句“Space scientists have collected a wealth of information.”可推断现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。8Sam would probably agree that _.AMars is not really redBno meteorites have come from Mars CMars cannot be described as a little brownDthe ancient description of Mar
22、s color is true答案：A推理判断题。根据第四段的“He said，Its actually orangish more than red and its also kind of brown.”可知Sam认为火星并不是红色的，而是橘黄色甚至带点褐色，故选A。9What is the writers attitude toward the idea that humans will set foot on Mars?AHe thinks it may happen in this year.BHe thinks il will always remain a dream.CHe t
23、hinks it will come true within hundreds of years.DHe thinks it may happen in the following decades.答案：D推理判断题。根据末段的“a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。10The Smithsonians Mars Day might NOT offer people a chance to _.Alearn about the surfa
24、ce of MarsBsee a test version of some Viking landersCsee meteorites known to have come from MarsDsit in a spacecraft to experience the life of an astronaut答案：D细节理解题。通读全文，可知作者并没有提到在火星日，前往参观的人可以坐在宇宙飞船里体验宇航员的生活，故选D。.完形填空(2014淮北一中高一期末) “Kevin, we are getting a divorce，” said my mother. My heart plunged
25、(急降). I was 9 years old and I thought that my life was going to _1_. My brother and I were going to move with my mother to southern California. My dad was to _2_ in New Jersey because of work. My family was splitting apart. Now that my mom is a _3_ parent, I do my own laundry, make dinner and do ext
26、ra chores around the house. _4_ it was hard at first, I now recognize the positive _5_ that this responsibility had on me. My mother gave me these _6_ and duties so that I would learn to become selfdisciplined (自律的) and trustworthy. I strive to show these _7_ in my life, and have seen the benefits.
27、When I was only 11 years old, my _8_ told me that he was selecting me as soccer team captain because of my determination and ability to get my teammates to _9_ themselves. We _10_ the championship, but I won the fair play award for keeping my team together. I am always determined to be an individual
28、 and not participate in anything that I feel is _11_. I am, for example, extremely _12_ of my decision not to drink alcohol. Personally, I dont feel the need to drink to have fun, and I stand by my decision even when others try to _13_ me. My mom and dad both found new _14_ and happily remarried. I
29、am _15_ close to my father, even though he lives 4,800 km away. I thought my parents divorce was going to be the worst thing that _16_ happened to me. Ironically (讽刺的是), it turned out to be the _17_. I wasnt willing to let it _18_ my life without putting up a fight, and neither was my family. At age
30、 9, I fought with the confusion and _19_ of divorce. Today, at age 16, I understand that _20_ can bring opportunity and success, and that hard work, determination and selfdiscipline can turn your worst time into your best time.文章大意：本文讲述了作者父母离婚并没有带来任何负面的影响，反而给作者带来了更多的机会和成功。 1A. fall apart B. stand ou
31、tC. carry on D. e true答案：A考查短语辨析。A. fall apart崩溃；B. stand out突出，坚持；C. carry on继续同一方向的航行；D. come true变为现实。根据前一句My heart plunged (急降)我的心猛的一沉，由此可知我认为我的生活将会崩溃。故选A。2A. fight B. remainC. acpany D. practice答案：B考查动词。A. fight吵架；B. remain保持；C. accompany陪同；D. practice联系。根据后句My family was splitting apart.可知我的父亲
32、因为工作仍然在新泽西。故选B。3A. careless B. cruel C. nice D. single答案：D考查形容词。A. careless粗心的；B. cruel残忍的；C. nice美好的；D. single单身的。由上文的父母离婚可知我母亲成为单亲母亲。故选D。4A. Although B. Because C. If D. Since答案：A考查连词。A. Although尽管；B. Because因为；C. If如果；D. Since自从。根据后句I now recognize the positive _5_ that this responsibility had on
33、 me.可知这里是转折关系，故用however。尽管起初很难。故选A。5A. attitude B. experienceC. effect D. situation 答案：C考查名词。A. attitude态度；B. experience经验；C. effect影响；D. situation状况。这里考查短语have the positive effect on对有积极的影响。句意是：现在我知道这样的责任对我有积极的影响。故选C。6A. achievements B. abilities C. chores D. disadvantages答案：C考查名词。A. achievements成就
34、；B. abilities能力；C. chores零活儿；D. disadvantages缺点。根据上文I do my own laundry, make dinner and do extra chores around the house.提示可知我母亲给我这些零活和责任。故选C。7A. chores B. difficulties C. feelings D. qualities答案：D考查名词。A. chores零活儿；B. difficulties困难；C. feelings感情；D. qualities品质。我努力奋斗在我生活中显示这些品质。故选D。8A. father B. he
35、admaster C. brotherD. coach答案：D考查名词。A. father父亲；B. headmaster校长；C. brother兄弟；D. coach教练。根据后的he was selecting me as soccer team captain because of my determination and ability to get my teammates to _9_ themselves.的关键词soccer team captain可知这里为我的教练。故选D。9A. enjoy B. teach C. help D. push答案：D考查动词。A. enjo
36、y喜欢；B. teach教；C. help帮助；D. push推动，增加，对施加压力，逼迫。这里指因为我的决心和能力能够让我的队友们努力。故选D。10A. won B. lost C. had D. achieved答案：B考查动词。A. won赢得；B. lost失去；C. had拥有；D. achieved获得。根据后面的转折but I won the fair play award for keeping my team together.可知我们失去了冠军。故选B。11A. wrong B. abnormal C. dynamic D. violent答案：A考查形容词。A. wron
37、g错误的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. dynamic充满活力的；D. violent猛烈的。我总是决心成为独特的，不参与任何我感觉认为是错误的事情。故选A。12A. afraid B. tiredC. proudD. fond答案：C考查形容词。A. afraid害怕的；B. tired劳累的；C. proud自豪的；D. fond喜欢的。句意是：比如，我及其厌倦我不喝酒的决定。故选C。13A. cheat B. persuade C. pleaseD. cheat答案：B考查动词。A. cheat欺骗；B. persuade劝服；C. please取悦；D. cheat欺骗。根据前
38、句and I stand by my decision可知甚至当其他人试图劝服我(喝酒)。故选B。14A. families B. jobs C. kids D. partners答案：D考查名词。A. families家庭；B. jobs工作；C. kids孩子；D. partners伙伴。根据后句and happily remarried.可知我父母都找到了各自的新的伴侣。故选D。15A. still B. not C. rarely D. less答案：A考查副词。A. still任然；B. not不是；C. rarely罕见的；D. less更少的。根据后句even though he
39、 lives 4,800 km away.可知我仍然与我的父亲很亲近。故选A。16A. neverB. evenC. ever D. almost答案：C考查副词。A. never从不；B. even甚至；C. ever曾经；D. almost几乎。我认为我父母的离婚将会是曾经发生的我身上最糟糕的事情。故选C。17A. best B. worst C. busiestD. first答案：A考查形容词。A. best最好的；B. worst最糟的；C. busiest最忙的；D. first首先。根据前一句I thought my parents divorce was going to be
40、 the worst thing that _16_ happened to me.可知更为讽刺的是，结果证明是最好的事情。故选A。18A. challenge B. protectC. beatD. ruin答案：D考查动词。A. challenge挑战；B. protect保护；C. beat敲打；D. ruin毁坏。根据后句without putting up a fight, and neither was my family.可知我不愿意它毁了我的生活。故选D。19A. pain B. memory C. importance D. celebration答案：A考查名词。A. pain疼痛；B. memory记忆；C. importance重要性；D. celebration庆祝。在9岁时，我为困惑和痛苦而斗争。故选A。20A. obstacles B. families C. parents D. divorce答案：A考查名词。A. obstacles障碍；B. families家庭；C. parents父母；D. divorce离婚。今天，我16岁了，我懂得障碍能够带来机会和成功。故选A。
