1、北京市密云区2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Just sign here, sir,” the deliveryman said as he handed Oscar Reyna a package.The package consisted of a long, narrow box carefully wrapped in brown paper._1_the box, Oscar saw
2、an umbrella inside a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle. Although he had not seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it_2_.Oscar was 16 when he first saw the unusual umbrella. He had gone to a concert with his grandparents. As they were leaving, he noticed an umbrella on an em
3、pty seat, impressed by its_3_, Oscar felt a strong desire to find its owner.Oscar_4_the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales. Just as he thought, a name_5_ the seat where Oscar had found the umbrella. The name was Mrs. Katie OBrien.Oscar talked his grandparents into going by Mrs. OB
4、riens_6_on their way home. He rang the bell, the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared. “May I help you?” she asked.“Id like to return it if its yours,” Oscar said, holding out the umbrella as if presenting a_7_that had long been wished for.“Why, yes! Its mine,” replied Mrs. OBrien with a wide
5、smile and shining eyes. “It was given to me by my father years ago. Thank you so much for returning it. May I offer you a reward for your_8_?”“No, maam,” he said, “My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.”“Well, thats_9_what my father used to say. What is your name, young man?”Years l
6、ater Oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remembered Mrs. OBrien. It was in perfect condition, considering how old it was. Why had it arrived here today?As if in answer, a note fell from the paper. It reads: Mrs. OBrien wanted to_10_this umbrella as a present for a kin
7、d, unselfish gesture long ago.1. A. OpeningB. ClosingC. TouchingD. Searching2. A. clearlyB. fullyC. immediatelyD. suddenly3. A. historyB. shapeC. lengthD. beauty4. A. encouragedB. convincedC. forcedD. advised5. A. calledB. matchedC. writtenD. taken6. A. familyB. theaterC. houseD. neighborhood7. A. c
8、hanceB. factC. resultD. gift8. A. kindnessB. patienceC. courageD. determination9. A. obviouslyB. naturallyC. exactlyD. probably10. A. possessB. acceptC. refuseD. value【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了奥斯卡16岁时捡到一把漂亮的伞，寻找失主并归还，很多年后又收到失主赠伞的故事。这个故事启迪我们：善有善报这样一个朴实的美德和
9、真理。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：打开盒子，奥斯卡看到里面有一把伞一把很旧的伞，有一个雕刻精美的木把手。A. Opening打开；B. Closing关闭；C. Touching触摸；D. Searching寻找。由上文语境和下文的“Oscar saw an umbrella inside”可知，奥斯卡收到一个包裹，只有打开包裹才能看见里面的东西。故选A项。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然他已经20多年没见过它了，但他立刻认出了它。A. clearly清晰地；B. fully完全地；C. immediately立刻地；D. suddenly突然地。由下文的“he noticed
10、 an umbrella on an empty seat, impressed by its_3_”可知，16岁时奥斯卡一看到这把伞就对其印象深刻，所以多年后奥斯卡还是立刻认出了这把伞。故选C项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们离开时，他注意到一个空座位上有一把伞，被它的美丽所打动，奥斯卡感到有一种强烈的渴望，想要找到它的主人。A. history历史；B. shape形状；C. length长度；D. beauty美丽。由上文的“a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle”可知，这把伞有一个雕刻精美的木把手，所以奥
11、斯卡对它的美丽印象深刻。故选D项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥斯卡说服经理查查预售票的记录。A. encouraged鼓励；B. convinced说服、使确信；C. forced强迫；D. advised建议。由上文语境可知，奥斯卡16岁时和爷爷奶奶去听音乐会，发现了空位的伞，奥斯卡不知道是谁的，想还给失主，只能去说服经理查看预售票的记录，看是谁坐在这个位置上。故选B项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如他所想的那样，一个名字和奥斯卡找到雨伞的座位吻合。A. called叫；B. matched相配；C. written写；D. taken带走。由本处语境可知，通过说服经理查
12、看预售票的记录，奥斯卡找到了坐在这个位置上的人，即名字和奥斯卡找到雨伞的座位相配。故选B项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：奥斯卡说服他的祖父母在回家的路上经过奥布莱恩太太的房子。A. family家庭；B. theater影院；C. house房子；D. neighborhood邻居。由下文的“He rang the bell, the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared.”可知，奥斯卡到了奥布莱恩太太的房子门口，所以奥斯卡说服了祖父母在回家的路上经过奥布莱恩太太的房子。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果是你的，我想还你
13、，”奥斯卡说着，手里拿着雨伞，好像是在送一份许愿已久的礼物。A. chance机会；B. fact事实；C. result结果；D. gift礼物。由上文的“Id like to return it if its yours”和下文的“that had long been wished for”可知，奥斯卡拿出了伞，要还伞，就像是赠送渴望已久的礼物。故选D项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以因为你的好意给你一些报酬吗？A. kindness善意；B. patience耐心；C. courage勇气；D. determination决心。由上文语境可知，奥斯卡发现奥布莱恩太太丢了伞，去
14、她家里归还伞，这是一种善行、好意，所以奥布莱恩太太想给奥斯卡一些报酬。故选A项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：好吧，这正是我父亲过去常说的话。A. obviously明显地；B. naturally自然地；C. exactly正是、精确地；D. probably可能地。由上文的“My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.”可知，奥斯卡祖母说，做好事本身就是回报，正巧的是，这正是奥布莱恩太太的父亲过去常说的话。故选C项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上面写着：奥布莱恩太太很久以前就想认可这把伞为一种仁慈、无私姿态的
15、礼物。A. possess拥有；B. accept认可、接受；C. refuse拒绝；D. value重视。根据as a present for a kind, unselfish gesture long ago.结合上文内容，可知奥布莱恩太太认可这把伞是一种仁慈、无私姿态的礼物。故选B项。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The interesting part of a book is stored in your mind as a see
16、d. Now this seed is unknowingly used by you in your future to develop new ideas. The same seed if_11_(use) many times, can help you link and relate a lot of things, of which you would never have thought of in your wildest dreams! This is nothing but creativity. The larger number of books you read, t
17、he broader _12_(you) mind will be l. Also this improves your speaking skills to a large extent and also makes a significant contribution to your vocabulary. Within no time can you start speaking English or any language_13_(fluent) with your friends or other people and you never seem to run out of th
18、e right words at the right time.【答案】11. used 12. your 13. fluently【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了读书的好处。【11题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这粒种子如果多次使用，可以帮助你把许多事情联系起来，这些事情你做梦也想不到！当时间、条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略掉从句的主语及be动词；此处的完整句式为The same seed if (the same seed is) used many times, can help you link and relate a lot of things,
19、of which you would never have thought of in your wildest dreams!故填used。【12题详解】考查代词。句意：你读的书越多，你的思维就会越开阔。此处修饰名词mind，应使用形容词性物主代词。故填your。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：你很快就能和你的朋友或其他人流利地说英语或任何一种语言，而且你永远不会在合适的时间缺少合适的词汇。此处修饰动词speaking，应使用副词。故填fluently。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Our scho
20、ol organized us to watch the live show of the 60th Anniversary of Miyun Reservoir yesterday, through which I learned about its history, the local peoples contribution in the process. Miyun Reservoir was built 60 years ago_14_(solve) the flood in Chaobai River and provide sufficient water supply for
21、Beijing. At that time, there was no modern equipment and the reservoir was built_15_hands and wheelbarrows. 200,000 workers and soldiers worked hard and sweated in the place. In order to make room for the construction of Miyun Reservoir, more than 60, 000 local residents_16_(leave) the places where
22、they had stayed for generations. As a member in Miyun, I decide to volunteer in all kinds of_17_(activity) of building my hometown more beautiful.【答案】14. to solve 15. by 16. left 17. activities【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者观看了学校组织的密云水库60周年校庆的现场演出，了解了密云水库的历史。【14题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：密云水库建于60年前，是为了解决潮白河的洪水，为北京提供充足的供水。
23、由句意可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式（to do）作目的状语。故填to solve。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：当时没有现代化的设备，水库是用手和手推车建造的。由句意可知，此处表“用手和手推车”，应用介词by（通过、靠、用），表方法、手段。故填by。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：为了给密云水库的建设腾出空间，6万多名当地居民离开了他们世代居住的地方。此处缺乏谓语，由上文时间状语60 years ago可知，有关密云水库建设事宜的东西用一般过去时，此处用一般过去时。故填left。【17题详解】考查名词的数。句意：作为密云的一员，我决定志愿参加各种活动，把家乡建设得更加美丽。activity是
24、可数名词，前有all kinds of修饰，此处用复数名词。故填activities。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A warning system to prevent people from falling asleep while driving was introduced at the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services,_18_was held from September 4 to 9 in Beijing. It ca
25、n judge whether the driver is drowsy(昏昏欲睡的) by monitoring how long the drivers eyes close or if his or her head drops. If the driver enters a state of tiredness, the system_19_(sound) an alarm until the drivers eyes reopen and he or she starts to blink at a normal frequency. In the future, other dan
26、gerous driving behaviors, such as not wearing a seat belt and making phone calls while_20_(drive), might also be added into this warning system.【答案】18. which 19. will sound 20. driving【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了防止开车睡觉的预警系统。【18题详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意：2020年中国国际服务贸易博览会于9月4日至9日在北京举行，会上引入了防止人们在驾驶时打瞌睡的预警系统。分析句子可知，此句为非
27、限定性定语从句，先行词为“the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services”，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【19题详解】考查时态。句意：如果驾驶员处于疲劳状态，系统会发出警报，直到驾驶员睁开眼睛，开始以正常频率眨眼。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，且为真实条件句，应遵循“主将从现”原则。故填will sound。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在未来，其他危险的驾驶行为，如不系安全带和开车时打电话，也可能被添加到这个预警系统中。分析句子可知，此
28、处while3(drive)为分词作状语，drive与其逻辑主语the driver之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填driving。第二部分：阅读理解（共三节，55分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AA gadget which makes water out of air could become the greatest household invention since the microwave.Using the same technology as a dehumidifier (
29、除湿器), the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water because it can always get it from an unlimited source the air.The company behind the machine says not only does it offer an alternative to bottled water in developed countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a da
30、ily water shortage.The machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter (过滤器) and over a cooling instrument which changes it into water droplets. It can produce up to 12 liters a day. The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over, as the amount of water which is contained in
31、the air increases. In keeping with its eco-development, the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three lights.Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said: “The demand for water is off the chart. So people are looking for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable.”The machine
32、, which is about 3 feet wide, is likely to cost800 when it goes on sale here in the spring. Its maker, Canadian Firm Element Four, roughly calculates that a liter of water costs around 20p to produce.Environmentalists state that half the worlds population will face water shortage because of climate
33、change by 2080. One in five is said to lack access to safe drinking.The Water Mill is not effective in areas where the amount of water contained in the air is below about 30 percent, but in Britain that wont be much of a problem.21. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Water
34、 Mill.B. Invention.C. Microwave.D. Drinking water.22. What do we learn about the machine?A. It absorbs steam and turns it into water.B. It is very expensive for families to afford.C. It works in the same way as microwaves.D. It helps to make the water clean to drink.23. Whats the best title for the
35、passage?A. A New Way to Solve Water ProblemB. A Dehumidifier to Produce WaterC. A Machine to Make Water out of AirD. An Absolutely New Invention【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种把空气转变成饮用水的机器。【21题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Using the same technology as a dehumidifier (除湿器), the Water Mill is able to create a
36、ready supply of drinking water(使用与除湿器相同的技术, Water Mill能够创造出现成的饮用水)”可推断，“because it can always get it from an unlimited source the air.(因为它总是可以从无限的来源空气中得到它)”中的it指的是上文提到的drinking water。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“The machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter (过滤器) and over a cooling instrument
37、which changes it into water droplets.(这台机器通过过滤器吸收在潮湿的空气，并通过冷却器把它们变成水滴)”可知，这台机器吸收水汽，并把水汽变成水。故选A。【23题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“A gadget which makes water out of air could become the greatest household invention since the microwave.(一种把空气制成水的小工具成为自微波以来最伟大的家庭发明)”和下文的对这个机器的介绍可推断，本文介绍了一种吸收空气变成水的发明，因此推断C项“用空气制水的机器”为最
38、佳标题。故选C。BBarditch High School decided to have an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hands to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for fif
39、ty years, was wheeled to the park.Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans (嘟囔声) when Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her stud
40、ents and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.Then Ms. Yates started to speak: “I cant tell you how pleased I am to be here. I havent seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have
41、 a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I havent appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the birth of your children, in my imagination.”Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued: “It was my belief that if I pus
42、hed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.”“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. Yo
43、u have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar (呼喊). Lawyers, truck dr
44、ivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.24. What activity was organized for the school reunion?A. Telling stories about past events.B. A picnic on the school playground.C. Sigh
45、tseeing in the park.D. Graduates reports in the old building.25. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates speech.B. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.C. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates ways of teaching.D. Most people had little in
46、terest in the reunion.26. We can learn from Ms. Yates speech that she _.A. went to her students wedding ceremoniesB. gave her students advice on their careersC. attended her students college graduationsD. kept track of her students progress.27. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?A. R
47、eliable and devoted.B. Strict but caring.C. Proud but patient.D. Tough and generous.【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Barditch高中组织了一次全校同学会，会上英语老师Yates女士的一席发言打动了所有在场的人。虽然她很少对学生说好话，总是要求学生加倍努力，学生们也不喜欢她的教学方式，但是她在学生们毕业后一直关注着他们的情况，她发自心底里爱学生。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Several former teachers were on hands to
48、 tell stories about the old days.”可知，几名以前的教师在现场讲述过去的故事。由此可知，同学会组织了一个讲述过去的故事的活动。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans (嘟囔声) when Ms. Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to list
49、en to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.”可知，当Yates女士准备发言时，一些人翻了个白眼，还有几声低低的嘟囔声。许多人开始看表，找借口去其他地方，而不是准备听一个老太太的演讲，她对她的学生很少说好话，让他们比所有其他老师加起来要求得还要努力学习。由此可推知，许多毕业生不喜欢Yates女士的教学方式。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“I haven
50、t seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I havent appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and
51、even the birth of your children, in my imagination.”可知，你们毕业后我就没见过你们，但我关注你们的事业，欣赏你们的胜利，也为你们的悲剧哭泣。我收集了大量学生在报纸上的照片。虽然我没有亲自到场，但在我的想象中，我参加了你们的大学毕业典礼、婚礼，甚至是你们孩子的出生。由此可知，从Yates女士的演讲中，我们能了解到，她一直在记录学生们人生中的进展情况。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anyw
52、here instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined. (许多人开始看表，找借口去其他地方，而不是准备听一个老太太的演讲，她对她的学生很少说好话，让他们比所有其他老师加起来要求得还要努力学习)”可知，Yates女士对学生要求很严格；以及第三段中“I havent seen many of you since yo
53、ur graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I havent appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the birth of your chil
54、dren, in my imagination.(你们毕业后我就没见过你们，但我关注你们的事业，欣赏你们的胜利，也为你们的悲剧哭泣。我收集了大量学生在报纸上的照片。虽然我没有亲自到场，但在我的想象中，我参加了你们的大学毕业典礼、婚礼，甚至是你们孩子的出生)”可知，Yates女士在学生毕业后仍然关心他们的近况，说明她关心学生。综上所述可知，Yates女士虽然严格但是关心学生。故选B。CIn a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）said that they have joi
55、ned forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. “Anyone with an Internet connection anywhe
56、re in the world can use our online courses,” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In Decem
57、ber, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.MIT Presid
58、ent Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.“Fasten your seatbelts,” Hockfield said.Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie
59、-Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit（非盈利的）organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. They also
60、 plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.28. According to this text, edX is _.A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWareB. a free computer program by MIT and HarvardC. a Harvard-MIT platform of free online coursesD. a free pr
61、ogram online for universities worldwide29. What is said about online education in the text?A. Universities have been trying online courses.B. About 2,000 online courses have been offered.C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX
62、.30. The underlined part in the text probably means “ ”.A. Get ready for the difficultiesB. Get ready for this educational changeC. Get prepared to complete the online coursesD. Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses31. What can be said about MITx according to the text?A. It is first off
63、ered as part of the edX learning program.B. It is another free MIT-Harvard online learning program.C. It is a standard to recognize online learners achievement.D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C【解析】本文为新闻报道类文体。文章报道了Harvard和MIT联手向全球免费提供网上课程的事情。【28题
64、详解】细节理解题。根据第一段话说Harvard和MIT联手向全球免费提供网上课程及第二段话“a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX”可知edX是这两所大学联手打造的一个网上免费授课的平台。故答案选C。【29题详解】细节判断题。根据倒数第二段话“Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie-Mellon
65、, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online”（其他大学，包括斯坦福大学、耶鲁大学和卡内基-梅隆大学，已经在尝试通过网络向全球人口进行教学。）可知大学已经开始尝试在线课程。答案选A。【30题详解】词义推断题。上文说MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities
66、will join them in offering courses on the open-source edX platform.“麻省理工学院校长苏珊霍克菲尔德表示，超过12万人报名参加了第一届麻省理工学院的课程。她说，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院希望其他大学也能加入他们的行列，在edX平台上提供课程。下文Hockfield said.Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie-Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population onli
67、ne.说其他大学，包括斯坦福大学、耶鲁大学和卡内基-梅隆大学，已经在尝试通过网络向全球人口进行教学。划线句的字面意思为“系好安全带”。结合文章的意思可知，这里表示为这些大学在网上开设免费课程这一教育的变革做好准备。故答案为B。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses”（去年12月，该校宣布还将开始为完成某些
68、在线课程的学员提供一种名为MITx的特殊证书。）以及The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.（MITx将作为新的学习平台的基础。）可知MITx是评价在线学习者学习成绩的标准。故答案选C。DWhy should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should res
69、ources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas a
70、nd environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be iden
71、tified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may
72、be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in sat
73、ellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space industry.While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intell
74、igent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across spac
75、e, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could
76、 in the future.32. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?A. To express his doubts.B. To compare different ideas.C. To describe the conditions on Earth.D. To introduce points for discussion.33. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?A. Humans have the tendency to
77、 fight.B. Humans are nature-born to do so.C. Humans may find new sources of food.D. Humans dont like to stay in the same place.34. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?A. The adaptive ability of humans.B. Resources on the earth.C. Our genetic makeup.D. By-products in space expl
78、oration.35. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?A. Space exploration has created many wonders.B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.D. Space exploration may benefit science and technology.【答案】32. D 33
79、. B 34. A 35. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了人类对太空的探索，太空探索能使我们发现潜在能源，在多方面帮助我们。【32题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇议论文，议论文特点“提出问题，分析问题”，通过“Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rat
80、her than on conditions and people on Earth?”（人类为什么要探索太空？为什么要把钱、时间和精力花在探索和研究那些没有明显好处的东西上？为什么要把资源花在太空而不是地球上的条件和人身上？）可知第一段提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题，是为了引发讨论，引出本文讨论的主题。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中“Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings.”（也许最好的答案在于我们人类的基因构成。）和“Perhaps the best reason for exp
81、loring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.”（也许探索太空的最好原因是这种会在任何可能的地方扩张的遗传倾向。）可知人类探索太空的原因在于人拥有会在任何可能的地方扩张的遗传倾向，这是人的天性，人类天生就是这样做的。故选B项。【34题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other
82、 planets.”（虽然地球是已知唯一支持生命的行星，但人类的适应能力肯定会让我们在其他星球上生活。）可知人类的适应能力使人类能够在其他星球上生存。故选A项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。由第三段首句“Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for.”（几乎每一个成功的文明都曾进行过探索，因为通过这样做，周围地区的任何危险都可以被识别出来并做好准备。）第四段首句“Ex
83、ploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found.”（勘探还可以发现矿物和其他潜在资源。）第五段首句“While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us.”（虽然很多资源都花在了看似微
84、不足道的回报上，但对太空的探索却让我们这个物种中有创造力、勇敢和智慧的成员能够专注于那些可以拯救我们的事物上。）可知太空探索可以在很多方面帮助我们，寻找资源，避免潜在问题， C项“太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题”符合文意。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ClaustrophobiaClaustrophobia, or fear of enclosed spaces, is one of the most common fears.Claustrophobia can be deep
85、 fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift)
86、. _36_ This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia.According to Mark Powers, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology at Southern Methodist Univer
87、sity, “Claustrophobia is a specific fear and not a type of panic disorder. The primary specific danger forecasts for claustrophobia are that either the person will be trapped or run out of air.”_37_Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, ligh
88、t-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc.Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers.The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, avoid taking lifts when
89、 inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party. _38_Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness._39_According to Dr. Powers, “Exposure trea
90、tment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly.”Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes; a less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-con
91、ditioning. Counter conditioning includes behavior treatment, as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation._40_Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with
92、 anxiety attacks.A. The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable.B. The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth.C. According to some doctors, claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights.D. When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic at
93、tack.E. In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person.F. Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments.G. When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in cert
94、ain ways.【答案】36. D 37. G 38. E 39. A 40. F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向我们描述了幽闭恐惧症。它通常是因为曾经被困在有限空间中留下的阴影，幽闭恐惧症患者极其害怕封闭的环境。幸运的是，幽闭恐惧症是可以治疗的。【36题详解】根据空格前Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or from another unple
95、asant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift).可知，幽闭恐怖症可能是在经历了一段令人不安的童年经历（比如在儿童游戏中被困在一个小空间里），或者是在后来生活中与小空间相关的另一段不愉快经历（比如被困在电梯里）后产生的。由此可推测出当一个人经历这样的事件，它往往会患上幽闭恐惧症。D项When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack.(当一个人经
96、历这样的事件时，往往会引起可怕的恐慌)符合题意。故选D。【37题详解】根据空格后Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc.可知，幽闭症会出现出汗、心跳加速，胃部不适，头晕，颤抖，呼吸问题等症状。由此可推断出，当患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己在一个有限的空间，他的身体会有一些特定的反应。这正与G项When a person with claustro
97、phobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways.(当患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己身处一个有限的空间时，她的身体会以某种方式做出反应)一致。故选G。【38题详解】根据空格前The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car,
98、avoid taking lifts when inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party.可知，当幽闭恐惧症患者在一个房间内他会寻找出口，避免行驶在高速公路或交通拥挤的地方，避免乘电梯，或在聚会时站在门附近。由此可推测出，在极端的情况下一个封闭的门的视觉会导致一个人的焦虑情绪。E项In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person.(在极端的情况下，一个人看到一扇紧闭的门就会感到焦虑)符合题
99、意。故选E。【39题详解】根据空格后Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly.可知，暴露疗法，一种心理行为疗法，如果实施得当，通常会全面减轻焦虑症状。由此可推断出，幽闭恐惧症是可以治疗的。A项The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable.(好消息是幽闭恐怖症是可以治疗的)符合题意。故选A。【40题详解】根
100、据空格后Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks.可知，帮助治疗幽闭恐怖症的药物包括有助于缓解通常与焦虑症相关的心脏跳动的药物。由此可推断出，治疗幽闭恐惧症还包括一些治疗药物或组合治疗。F项Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatment
101、s.(幽闭恐怖症的治疗也可以包括药物治疗或几种疗法的组合)与本段意义一致。故选F。【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做： （1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第1小题，根据空格前Claustro
102、phobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift).可知，幽闭恐怖症可能是在经历了一段令人不安的童年经历（比如在儿童游戏中被困在一个小空间里），或者是在后来生活中与小空间相关的另一段
103、不愉快经历（比如被困在电梯里）后产生的。由此可推测出当一个人经历这样的事件，它往往会患上幽闭恐惧症。D项When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack.(当一个人经历这样的事件时，往往会引起可怕的恐慌)符合题意。故选D。（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第2小题。根据空格后Claustrophobia symptoms can
104、 include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc.可知，幽闭症会出现出汗、心跳加速，胃部不适，头晕，颤抖，呼吸问题等症状。由此可推断出，当患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己在一个有限的空间，他的身体会有一些特定的反应。这正与G项When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in ce
105、rtain ways.(当患有幽闭恐惧症的人发现自己身处一个有限的空间时，她的身体会以某种方式做出反应)一致。故选G。（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however，因果关系如because，so，,as a result等。最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。第三节（共5小题；每小题3分，共15分）阅读下面短文和问题，根据短
106、文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。A seed expert who brought high-quality vegetable seeds to many countries, was awarded the 2019 World Food Prize. Simon Groot of the Netherlands is credited with introducing high-quality, disease- resistance vegetable seeds to more than 60
107、 countries including the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia.He began his search to create better vegetable seeds to help farmers in Southeast Asia in 1981. Sixteen years earlier, he had made his first trip to Indonesia. There, Groot learned that vegetable seeds which were developed for the climate
108、of Europe, did poorly when planted in the hot tropics. He thought there was a great possibility to introduce hybrid vegetables to the area. The area lacked vegetable seed developers who were trying to create hybrids for the local climate.“I noticed the seed quality in that part of world was so much
109、below our standards and below achievable standards. I could not stand that the farmers there did not have better seeds.” Said Groot.At that time, farmers in Southeast Asia usually saved seeds from season to season. That was because the seeds available for sale were often old. Those seeds were usuall
110、y from Europe or North America and did not grow well in their tropical climate. This meant that the farmers ended up with smaller crops, and lower quality that changed greatly from season to season. The plant also could easily become infected with diseases.Groot partnered with seed trader Benito Dom
111、ingo of the Philippines. They put together a team of seed researchers and growers from Wageninge University in the Netherlands and the University of the Philippines. Within a few years, they developed a hybrid bitter gourd that sold successfully. Then they adapted a tomato plant, followed by eggplan
112、ts, pumpkins and leafy vegetables.The early success led to the start of the East-West Seed Company ,which now has more than 970 improved seeds of 60 vegetable crops. Over the past 40 years, the discoveries have led to the creation of a tropical vegetable seed industry aimed at small farmers. The tro
113、pical seeds are now spreading into Asia, Africa and Latin America. It is estimated that the companys seeds are used by 20 million farmers each year in more than 60 countries.The award was announced during a ceremony at the U.S. Department of State hosted by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. “The remar
114、kable improvements made in these tropical vegetable seeds helped small farmers in developing nations produce more food and importantly get more income for themselves and their families,” Pompeo said. He added that these seeds fight hunger and help increase economic growth.41. Who is Simon Groot? (不多
115、于四个字)42. Why was Groot awarded? (不多于六个字)43. What caused lower incomes from crops in Southeast Asia in the past?（不多于三个字）44. When did Groot begin his search to create better vegetable seeds? (不多于两个字)45 Why does the author mention the Pompeos statement at last?（不多于五个字）【答案】41. A vegetable seed expert./A
116、 seed expert. 42. He created(introduced/brought )high-quality, disease-resistance vegetable seeds./ He brought many countries high-quality seeds. 43. Lower quality seeds/Seeds growing bad/Poor(old) seeds. 44. In 1981. 45. To show(praise) Groots outstanding contribution(achievement).【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道
117、。文章介绍了一名荷兰的种子专家西蒙格罗特将高质量、抗病的蔬菜种子引入了包括菲律宾、泰国和印度尼西亚在内的60多个国家。他因此获得2019年世界粮食奖，他发明的种子既可以可以对抗饥饿，还能帮助促进经济增长，为人类发展做出了巨大的贡献。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“A seed expert who brought high-quality vegetable seeds to many countries, was awarded the 2019 World Food Prize. Simon Groot of the Netherlands is credited with i
118、ntroducing high-quality, disease- resistance vegetable seeds to more than 60 countries including the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia.（一位为许多国家带来高品质蔬菜种子的种子专家获得了2019年世界粮食奖。荷兰的Simon Groot将高质量、抗病的蔬菜种子引入了包括菲律宾、泰国和印度尼西亚在内的60多个国家。）”可知，Simon Groot是一名蔬菜种子专家，故答案为A vegetable seed expert./A seed expert。【42题详
119、解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“A seed expert who brought high-quality vegetable seeds to many countries, was awarded the 2019 World Food Prize. Simon Groot of the Netherlands is credited with introducing high-quality, disease- resistance vegetable seeds to more than 60 countries including the Philippines, Thailan
120、d and Indonesia.（一位为许多国家带来高品质蔬菜种子的种子专家获得了2019年世界粮食奖。荷兰的Simon Groot将高质量、抗病的蔬菜种子引入了包括菲律宾、泰国和印度尼西亚在内的60多个国家。）”可知，Simon Groot因为发明了高品质、抗病的蔬菜种子并将其引入很多国家而获奖，故答案为He created(introduced/brought)high-quality, disease-resistance vegetable seeds.或He brought many countries high-quality seeds.。【43题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第四
121、段内容“At that time, farmers in Southeast Asia usually saved seeds from season to season. That was because the seeds available for sale were often old. Those seeds were usually from Europe or North America and did not grow well in their tropical climate. This meant that the farmers ended up with smalle
122、r crops, and lower quality that changed greatly from season to season. The plant also could easily become infected with diseases.（当时，东南亚的农民通常按季保存种子。这是因为可供出售的种子通常都是陈的。这些种子通常来自欧洲或北美，在它们的热带气候下生长不好。这就意味着农民们最终只能收获更少的作物，而且每一季的作物质量都会发生很大的变化。这种植物也很容易感染疾病。）”可知，东南亚地区的种子品质很低或者种植条件很差是导致过去农民收入低的原因，故答案为Lower qual
123、ity seeds/Seeds growing bad/Poor(old) seeds.【44题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句“He began his search to create better vegetable seeds to help farmers in Southeast Asia in 1981. （1981年，他开始寻找更好的蔬菜种子，以帮助东南亚的农民。）”可知，Groot在1981年开始寻找创造更好的蔬菜种子，故答案为In 1981.【45题详解】考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段蓬佩奥所说的内容“ “The remarkable improvements ma
124、de in these tropical vegetable seeds helped small farmers in developing nations produce more food and importantly get more income for themselves and their families,” Pompeo said. He added that these seeds fight hunger and help increase economic growth.（蓬佩奥说：“这些热带蔬菜种子的显著改进有助于发展中国家的小农生产更多粮食，重要的是为他们自己和
125、家人获得了更多收入。”他补充说，这些种子可以对抗饥饿，帮助促进经济增长。）”可知，作者提到蓬佩奥的话旨在赞扬Groot的杰出贡献（成就），故答案为To show(praise) Groots outstanding contribution(achievement).。【点睛】第三部分： 书面表达（20分）46. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国好友Jim听说你近期参加了“Clear Your Plate”主题系列活动。他想了解活动情况，请你给他发个邮件。内容包括：1.活动背景2.系列内容3.活动感受注意：1.词数不少于100；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yo
126、ursLi Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How is everything going? Recently I have taken part in a series of activities with the theme “Clear Your Plate” in our school. Knowing youre interested in it, Im eager to share my experience with you.Its well known that the world is short of food nowadays. Whats worse, a large
127、amount of food ends up in landfills every year. President Xi Jinping called on us to take action by clearing our plates. As one of the responsible teenagers, we felt it our duty to do our bits to contribute to solving the severe food wasting problem.Id like to tell you what we did in the activities.
128、 Firstly, in order to spread the idea of this series activities, we sent some handouts to teachers and students in our school. From the handouts, they realized the meaning of saving food and how to do it. Then we selected some volunteers to help students order proper amount of food in canteen. To ou
129、r delight, they ate up everything on their plates or took away the leftovers. We also organized some class speeches to make sure every student was involved in this campaign, and we prepared the winner classes some small gifts, such as books, mobile phone covers and hand warmers.Finally, we made vide
130、os to share our experience and feelings about this series activities with more people.From the Clear Your Plate campaign, not only did we raise our awareness of saving food, but also we developed a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle. Have you taken action to respond to the food wasting
131、problem? I am really looking forward to your story.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件给你的英国好友Jim，并向他详细介绍你近期参加的“Clear Your Plate”为主题的系列活动的有关情况。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时，少量现在完成时、一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.活动背景2.系列内容3活动感受第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）take part in; be interested
132、in; be eager to do; be well known; call on; contribute to doing; in order to; to ones delight; make sure; share with; take action to do sth; look forward to.第三步：连词成句1.Recently I have taken part in a series of activities with the theme “Clear Your Plate” in our school.2.Knowing youre interested in it
133、, Im eager to share my experience with you.3.Its well known that the world is short of food nowadays.4.President Xi Jinping called on us to take action by clearing our plates.5.We felt it our duty to do our bits to contribute to solving the severe food wasting problem.6. In order to spread the idea
134、of this series activities, we sent some handouts to teachers and students in our school.7.To our delight, they ate up everything on their plates or took away the leftovers.8.We also organized some class speeches to make sure every student was involved in this campaign, and we prepared the winner cla
135、sses some small gifts, such as books, mobile phone covers and hand warmers.9.we made videos to share our experience and feelings about this series activities with more people.10.Have you taken action to respond to the food wasting problem?11. I am really looking forward to your story.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词
136、造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spit
137、e of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：Its well known that the world is short of food nowadays.这句话运用了that引导的主语从句，it是形式主语；Id like to tell you what we did in the activities. 这句话运用了引导词what引导的宾语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如take part in; be interested in; call on; contribute to doing; to ones delight; take action to do sth; look forward to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
