1、完形填空解题技巧近年来的高考完形填空越来越注重考查考生通过对上下文的理解来选择正确答案，要求考生在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，正确理解上下文语境和逻辑关系，准确把握词汇在语篇层面的意义。因此，考生在解题时一定要注意通览全文、抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。一、解题步骤根据完形填空的题型特点及答题要求，解题时应注意以下基本原则和解题步骤：1. 注意并认真分析文章首句，它是了解全文大意的窗口。做完形填空题需要联想，而第一句就如同联想的翅膀，要有效地利用它，因此要尽量从第一句捕捉更多的信息。2. 答题前，要通读全文，而不要急于逐一作出选择。完形填空考查考生对文章的整体理解，因此解题时千万不要只拘泥于空格
2、所在的句子，尤其是开篇的前几空；也不要在没有弄懂文意的时候依次逐一填空。第一遍阅读时，对于那些较明显的答案，可以作出同步选择，而那些一时还不能确定的选项，待读完一遍并明确大意后再回头做，就可以做到心中有数，从而尽可能地提高答题的准确率。3. 通读全文并掌握文章大意后，再回头逐个选出正确答案。此时要处处紧扣主旨大意，并明确作者的主观态度，紧密联系上下文，让选择的答案符合主题思想和前后逻辑关系。4. 得出全部答案后，要求再通读全文，校对答案。这时要一气呵成，对短文的大意和情节形成一个整体明白的概念，以便查出错误，及时改正。二、解题技巧在具体解答完形填空题时，我们还可以采用一些小技巧(有人称微型技巧
3、)。常用的微型技巧有：(1)根据上文推知答案；(2)根据下文推知答案；(3)根据语言(尤其是形容词和副词)的感情色彩推知答案；(4)根据句型特点推知答案；(5)根据事理逻辑或常识预设答案；(6)根据语法和习惯用法得出答案；(7)根据作者的情感倾向推知答案；(8)根据连词and, but, or和so等所提供的递进、转折、选择和因果关系等选择答案。下面我们以2013年四川卷完形填空题为例对解题技巧作具体的分析：例 (2013年四川)“Look, its Baldy!” A boy shouted in my direction across the playground. Even though
4、 I was used to regular insults (侮辱) because of the 11on my head, it was 12 horrible to hear. I sighed as I headed back to the class.When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious 13 after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head. I was 14 to hospital and had to say there for weeks while the doctors
5、 15 to save my life. “Hollys very 16 to be alive,” they told Mum and Dad. “But shell be 17 with scars on her head, and of course her hair wont grow there.”As a child, I cared much about my scars, so I 18 wore a scarf to cover them up when I left home. 19 I didnt, people would call me horrible names
6、like Baldy. Although my friends were always comforting me, they never 20 understood how it felt.Then through the hospital I was 21 to a childrens burns camp, where children like me can get any help. There, I 22 14-year-old Stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine. But she is so 23 tha
7、t she never lets anyone put her down. “You shouldnt 24 what people say about what you look like because were not different from anyone else, Holly,” she 25 me. “And you dont need to wear a scarf because you look great 26 it!” For the first time in my life I could speak to someone whod been through s
8、omething 27. So weeks later, at my 13th birthday party, 28 by her bravery, I gave up my scarf and showed off my scars. It felt amazing not having to 29 away behind my scarf.Now, I am 30 of what I look like and much happier, because I have realized it is your personality (个性) that decides who you tru
9、ly are.11. A. hat B. scarf C. scars D. cuts12. A. still B. just C. never D. seldom13. A. hunger B. cold C. defeats D. burns14. A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced15. A. learned B. fought C. returned D. decided16. A. happy B. lucky C. lonely D. poor17. A. pressedB. occupied C. left D. painted18. A.
10、 possiblyB. usually C. finally D. nearly19. A. Although B. Since C. If D. Before20. A. correctlyB. roughly C. easily D. really21. A. promoted B. introduced C. reported D. carried22. A. met B. recognized C. remembered D. caught23. A. honest B. strong C. active D. young24. A. write down B. agree with
11、C. pass on D. listen to25. A. promised B. encouraged C. ordered D. calmed26. A. in B. for C. without D. beyond27. A. similar B. strangeC. hard D. important28. A. allowedB. requiredC. guided D. inspired29. A. hide B. give C. keep D. put30. A. sick B. aware C. tired D. proud【答案与解题技巧】11-15 CADAB16-20 B
12、CBCD 21-25 BABDB 26-30 CADAD本文为夹叙夹议文。通读全文，了解文章大意：作者幼年时一次烧伤使她头上留下伤疤，因此常受到他人的侮辱而倍感难过。后来作者参加了一个儿童烫伤营，期间得到了另一个乐观开朗孩子的鼓励从而使作者又重新振作了起来。限于篇幅，下面只对几个典型的题例进行解析。根据下文推知答案 第11空。单从所给选项还无法选定第11空的正确答案，直到读到第二段中的after a bowl full of hot oil fell on my head才推知作者被同学嘲笑的是头上因为烫伤而留下的伤疤，而不是刀痕。根据上文推知答案 第27空。根据上文中的.14-year-ol
13、d Stephanie, whose burns are a lot more serious than mine可知Stephanie和作者一样也有过烧伤经历。第29空。根据上文I 18 wore a scarf to cover them up when I left home可知作者以前通常戴头巾来掩盖伤疤，后来受到Stephanie的鼓励，她丢掉了头巾，露出了伤疤，终于不必再“躲”在伤疤背后过日子了。根据常识或事理逻辑推知答案 第14空。作者二十个月大的时候遭遇了一次严重的烧伤。根据常识或事理逻辑可知，被热油烫伤后作者应该是被家人匆忙送到了医院。第15空。这一空很容易误选D，但根据常识
14、可知，医生抢救和治疗病人绝不是“决定”与否的事，而是必须要做的事。此处表示医生们努力挽救她的生命。根据关联词和句子逻辑关系推知答案第12空。根据关联词even though可推知，尽管作者已经习惯了因头上的伤疤所带来的侮辱，但是她仍然害怕听到。第16和17空在逻辑联系上非常紧密，根据转折词but可得出它们的正确答案。尽管她幸运地活了下来，但是却难免会在头上留下伤疤。第18空。根据前半句As a child, I cared much about my scars和关联词so可知，当作者是一个小孩子的时候，她非常在意头上的伤疤，所以出门时通常都戴上头巾把伤疤遮盖起来。第20空。根据句中关联词al
15、though可推知，尽管朋友们总是安慰作者，但是他们并不能真正理解那种感受。根据句型特点推知答案第23空。此句为so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句，表示 “如此以致于”。 Stephanie的伤虽然比作者的严重得多，但是她如此坚强以致于不允许任何人羞辱到她。根据语言的感情色彩推知答案 第30空。根据空后的much happier可知作者为现在不戴头巾而露出伤疤的样子感到自豪，比以前更开心了。 三、解题技巧补充根据语法知识选择答案(2013年山东)By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of 45 are sti
16、ll my best friends today. 45. A. us B. which C. them D. whom根据语境可知此处表达：他们中的两个现在仍然是“我”最好的朋友，可排除A、B两项；根据连词and可知此处不是定语从句，故选C项。(2013年辽宁)37 she loved her parents and her family, she desired to live in such a house and 38 all day about how wonderful and exciting 39 must feel to live there. 37. A. UnlessB.
17、 AlthoughC. Since D. But38. A. dreamedB. worriedC. asked D. shouted39. A. this B. that C. it D. which第39空。it是介词about后的宾语从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是to live there。尽管她爱她的父母和家庭，但是她还是渴望生活在这样一座房子(充满金色阳光的美妙的房子)里，她幻想住在那里会是多么的美好和令人兴奋。根据固定搭配选择答案(2013年江西)“What are you doing?” a voice asked. Diane jumped. She did not know
18、that the man was there 44 he spoke.44. A. when B. until C. after D. once第44空。notuntil为固定搭配，表示“直到才”。直到那个人开口说话，她才知道那儿还有人。四、实例分析例(2013年陕西)To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant. We 26hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our 27 came, I started walking
19、 towards an empty table. By bad luck, my purse strap (带子) got 28 on a chair and the tray (托盘) that I was holding slipped 29 my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, 30 on a man who was just about to 31 a bite of his sandwich. I stared, greatly 32, as the drinks soaked (浸湿) hi
20、s white shirt.Then I 33 my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of 34. Instead, he said “Its OK” to 35 me before he disappeared into the washroom.Still shaky and unsure 36 to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look 37. A moment later, the man came out of th
21、e washroom and 38 our table. My heart almost stopped 39. I thought he was going to ask for my fathers 40 and call him.To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “41 yourself new hamburgers.” He then walked 42 without even finishing his food.He could have made what was alre
22、ady an uncomfortable situation worse, 43 he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still 44 in this world. Ill never 45 his actions.26. A. orderedB. made C. arranged D. demanded27. A. food B. turn C. bill D. menu28. A. fixed B. caught C. cut D. tied29. A. by B. in C. fro
23、m D. out30. A. knockedB. fell C. stood D. hung31. A. take B. taste C. swallow D. chew32. A. discouraged B. disappointed C. shocked D. annoyed33. A. rolled B. rubbed C. narrowed D. closed34. A. bitterness B. anxiety C. anger D. sorrow35. A. satisfy B. comfort C. encourage D. praise36. A. how B. who C
24、. what D. which37. A. mild B. honest C. calm D. modest38. A. pushed B. approached C. drew D. laid39. A. beating B. breaking C. sinking D. trembling40. A. help B. position C. number D. job41. A. PrepareB. Buy C. Find D. Cook42. A. on B. around C. up D. away43. A. so B. since C. although D. but44. A.
25、kindness B. happiness C. politeness D. brightness45. A. forget B. refuse C. oppose D. ignore【答案与解题步骤和技巧】26-30 AABCB 31-35 ACDCB 36-40 CCBAC 41-45 BDDAA第一步，分析首句。从第一句我们可以获得如下信息：(1)作者和朋友们刚刚考完试，出来庆祝；(2)他们来到了一家快餐店。根据这两条信息可推测出接下来可能讲述的是一件发生在快餐店的事情。第二步，通读全文，了解大意，掌握故事梗概。文章大意：作者和朋友们来到一家快餐店吃饭，不小心将一托盘饭菜和饮料洒在了一位
26、先生的身上，那人不仅没有恼怒，还给钱让他们再买汉堡包。由此作者认识到善良的确存在。第三步，再回头有选择地阅读，并选出答案。由于你已掌握大意，此时采用一些相应的微技巧，答题自然就快得多了。下面对几个典型的题例进行解析，供读者学习参考：根据上下文推知答案第26和27空。根据首句和空后的hamburgers and Coca Cola可知作者和朋友来到快餐店点了汉堡和可乐，然后他们等食物上来之后开始找空位子坐下。第37空。根据上文中的Still shaky and unsure可知，作者惊魂未定，所以找个桌子坐下想尽快平静下来。第38空。根据下文My heart almost stopped 39.
27、 I thought he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said可推知，那个人从洗手间走了出来，走近他们的桌子。第39空。根据上下文可知，那个人走近他们的桌子，作者误以为他会要他爸爸的电话号码并给爸爸打电话，所以害怕得心脏几乎停止跳动。第44空。上文所讲述的发生在快餐店的意外使作者相信这个世界上仍然存在善良。根据数空之间的联系推知答案第28、29和30空。作者端着食物托盘走向空桌子时，他的钱包带挂住了一把椅子，紧接着托盘从手里滑落，托盘及其上面的东西都撒到了一位先生的身上。got caught, slipped from 和fell
28、 on所表示的动作都是接连发生的。根据固定搭配选择答案第28空。get caught on挂住，为固定短语。第31空。take a bite of 为固定搭配，表示“吃一口”。托盘及上面的东西撒到了一个正要吃三明治的人身上。根据事理逻辑或常识推知答案 第33和34空。根据前文所述，作者不小心把一托盘的饭菜撒到了一位先生的身上，饮料浸湿了那个人的白色衬衫，根据常识可知，那个人肯定非常愤怒，所以作者闭上了眼睛准备接受那个人爆发的愤怒。根据语法知识选择答案第36空。设空处是疑问词加不定式作补语，不定式后的动词do缺少宾语，故用what。根据句子逻辑关系选择答案第43空。上句“他本可能会使糟糕的场面变得更糟”和下句“他选择了一种不同的方式”之间是转折关系，因此用but。根据作者的感情倾向推知答案 第45空。最后一段是作者抒发的感触，这件事给了作者一个相信这个世界上仍然存在善良的理由，所以作者将永远不会忘记此事。
