1、Unit 16 Stories Period SixGrammar单元语法(一)过去完成时语法图解语法感悟单句语法填空1A Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had_witnessed (witness) as a young man.2By 1748, they had_found (find) an awesome historical site.3He had_worked (work) in the factory for five years before we mov
2、ed here.4The film had_begun (begin) when they arrived at the cinema.5I had_hoped (hope) to meet you at the airport, but I was caught in a traffic jam.6I had_meant (mean) to come, but it occurred to me that I had some work to do.7There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had_inter
3、rupted (interrupt) me that evening.一、过去完成时的基本构成主动语态：had动词的过去分词被动语态：hadbeen动词的过去分词否定形式：hadnot动词的过去分词一般疑问句：Had主语过去分词其他？二、过去完成时的基本用法1表示在过去的某一动作或时间之前已经发生了的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”，常与时间状语by then(截止到那时); by the end of.(在结束之前/末); by the time.(表示过去时间的从句); up till then(直到那时)等连用。He had finished the work by the end o
4、f last month.上个月底以前他就已经完成了那项工作。Up till then, this hadnt been made public.到那个时候，这都没有被公开。2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。常与for一段时间，或since、when和before等引导的状语从句连用。Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes, he did. He hadnt seen his old friends for a long time.昨天艾伦看到他的老朋友高兴吗？是的。他很长时间没有看到他的老朋友了。3表示
5、愿望、打算一类的词，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。Why didnt you come to the concert last night?I had meant to, but I had an unexpected visitor.你昨晚为什么不来参加音乐会？我本来打算去，但是我有一位不速之客。即学即用1单句语法填空1Before I realized that what I said at the meeting did hurt him, he had_driven (dr
6、ive) away without a word.2They had_meant (mean) to see me off at the station, but they couldnt get there in time.3By the end of last year another new gymnasium had_been_completed (complete) in Beijing.4The rooms had_been_cleaned (clean) when I came.5Had he finished his homework by the time you got t
7、here?三、过去完成时的特殊用法1if引导的虚拟条件句用过去完成时表示与过去情况相反，主句用would/could/might等have done表示。If we had caught the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.如果昨天我们赶上了航班的话，我们现在正在海滩上享受我们的假期呢。If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.如果我早一点走，我就会赶上火车。2过去完成时用于虚拟语气时，除了用于if引导的虚
8、拟条件句以外，在wish, as if/though, if only, would rather sb.had done sth.结构或从句中，常用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反。We wish we had studied hard when we were young.我们都希望自己年轻时努力学习了。The boy talked about the film as if/though he had seen it himself.那个男孩谈论那部电影就像他自己看过一样。If only we had set off earlier!要是我们早些出发就好了！The manager would
9、 rather he had not let out the secret.经理宁可他没有泄露那个秘密。3过去完成时在特殊句式中的运用。(1)在“hardly/scarcely/barely.when.”和“no sooner.than.”句型中，主句用过去完成时，when和than从句用一般过去时，表示“刚就”。(2)在“This/That/It was the first/second/.timethat从句”结构中，that从句要用过去完成时。(3)在“It was/had been一段时间since从句”结构中，since从句用过去完成时。Hardly had we started w
10、hen it began to rain.我们刚出发，就开始下雨了。He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来了。It was the first time that they had had a picnic and enjoyed themselves.这是他们第一次野餐，他们玩得很愉快。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年没这么高兴过了。即学即用2单句语法填空1Hardly had he
11、begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.2It was the second time that he had_had (have) a fierce argument with his boss.3If they had_tried (try) their best in the match, they would have won it.四、过去完成时与易混时态的区别1过去完成时与一般过去时的区别。(1)一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。当强调
12、过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时。(2)两者常用的时间状语不同，可以根据时间状语来判断用一般过去时还是过去完成时；在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.到昨天10点钟时，他们已经到达车站。They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.他们昨天10点钟到达车站。We were happy as we had won the final match.我们很
13、高兴，因为我们赢了决赛。注意当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before, after, as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。We put away the books, ran out of the classroom and began playing games.我们把书收拾起来，跑出教室，开始做游戏。I (had) called her before I left the office.在离开办公室之前，我给她打了电话。2过去完成时与现
14、在完成时的区别。(1)现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have (has)过去分词”。(2)过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，一般在与过去某时或某动作相比较时使用。She had been ill for a week before she came back.她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。She has been ill for a week since she came back.她自从回来已经生病一个星期了。即学即用3单句语法填空1Hes already gone home,
15、but before he left, he had_corrected (correct) all the mistakes in his paper.2In order to prevent the fire spreading, some of the houses nearby had_been_pulled (pull) down before the firemen arrived.3His brother is a teacher now, but he worked (work) in a company for 3 years.4His carelessness cost h
16、im nearly all the money he had_saved (save)5We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we had_known (know) each other for years.单元语法(二)have/get sth.done及have, get的其他用法语法图解语法感悟单句语法填空1I had my hair cut (cut) last week, but it looks horrible.2Next month Im going to get my bike repai
17、red (repair)3I had my pocket picked (pick) on the subway.4I got my leg injured (injure) while playing football.5I should like to have you meet (meet) Mr Davis.6Can you get us to_do (do) the experiment?7I wont have you smoking (smoke) in the sitting room.8Let me try now; Ill get the car starting (sta
18、rt)一、have/get sth.done的含义及常用时态1have/get sth.done可表达两种含义：使某事被做(可能是主语自己做也可能是让别人做)；遭遇到不幸的事情，主语是受害者。2have/get sth.done的各种常用时态如下表：一般现在时have/get sth.done一般过去时had/got sth.done现在进行时be having/getting sth.done过去进行时was/were having/ getting sth.done现在完成时have had/got sth.done过去完成时had had/ got sth.done一般将来时will/b
19、e going to have/get sth.doneHe has had his hair cut.他请人给他理发了。The princess is going to have her new clothes made by a young tailor.公主打算让一个年轻的裁缝给她做一套新衣服。He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。The poor girl had/got her handbag stolen.这个可怜的女孩被人偷了包。即学即用1单句语法填空1The girl had her precious
20、musical instrument broken (break) in the storm last Sunday.2I will have my phone repaired (repair) this weekend.3Dont go out on such a hot day, or youll get burnt (burn)4The computer I had repaired (repair) yesterday went wrong.5Thailand got some famous buildings destroyed (destroy) in the flood.二、h
21、ave的其他用法1have sth./sb.doing使某物或某人一直做某事2have sb.do sth.使/让某人做某事3have sth.to do有某事要做Dont have the water running all the time. Turn it off.不要让水老是流个不停。把它关上。I will have Bob deliver the speech in place of you.我会让鲍勃代替你发言。I have a lot of work to do every time I have a day off.每一次休假我都有大量的工作要做。注意have sb.doing
22、若用于否定句中，则have有“容忍，容许”之意，相当于tolerate/bear/stand/put up with等。We wont have you talking to mother like that.我们不容许你那样对妈妈说话。三、get的其他用法1get sb.to do sth.使/让某人做某事2get sb./sth.doing使某人/物开始行动起来做某事3get sb.adj.使某人变得/处于某种状态I cant get him to stop smoking.我无法让他戒烟。The captain got the soldiers moving towards the fr
23、ont after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线继续行进。His failure got his parents very disappointed.他的失败使他的父母很失望。即学即用2单句语法填空1The farmers had the tractors working (work) day and night at the harvest time.2My father often has me study (study) for 10 hours a day.3The novelist had the victim talk (talk) about
24、the volcanic eruption.4What a shame! I cant get him to_stop (stop) crying.5I wont have you running (run) around in the house. Mother will be angry.单句语法填空1Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we had_expected (expect)2The twins, who had_finished (finish) their homework,
25、were allowed to play badminton on the playground.3By the time we arrived, everyone had_received (receive) medical care.4The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he had_met (meet) some European business partners.5Experiments of this kind had_been_conducted (conduct) in both the US an
26、d Europe well before the Second World War.6The building had been out of condition for years, so we decided to get it rebuilt (rebuild)7There is something wrong with the brake of my new car, and Ill have to have it checked (check)8The air has leaked (漏) out of this football. Could you get it blown (b
27、low) up?9Tom, could you get the photo developed (develop) for me, please?10They have already had some everyday words added (add) to the new edition of the dictionary.完成句子1I_wont_have_you_doing like that again.我不会允许你再那样做了。2He was disappointed to see the car he had_had/got_repaired went wrong again.他看到请人修理的车又坏了很是失望。3They_had_left before we arrived at the station yesterday.昨天在我们到达车站之前，他们已经离开了。4I had_intended/meant_to_go_to_help_you,_but I was too busy.我本打算去帮助你，可是我太忙了。5If you_hadnt_been_late yesterday, you would have met that astronaut.如果你昨天不迟到的话，你就可以见到那位航天员了。
