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2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密学案:04介词和介词短语 WORD版含解析.doc

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1、解密04介词和介词短语序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】介词在英语中比较活跃,然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多,但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。从题型上来说,对介词的考查点主要是语法填空,对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,将

2、会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词,设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。【备考建议】1. 分析具体语境,注意介词含义常常设置语境考查介词,要仔细分析,正确理解,弄清命题意图,填出正确答案。2. 积累介词用法,注意一词多义介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,其搭配灵活,意义丰富,为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法,一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时,要注意整理、积累,逐一学会每个介词的主要用法,弄清易混介词用法的异同,根据语境灵活选用介词。3. 体会英语本义,注意固定搭配复习时,要系统复习同一介词与不同

3、动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的,选择时要从英语本义上考虑,不能看其汉语表面意思。4. 分类归纳短语,构建知识网络动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。在备考过程中要注意对动词词组进行归纳、比较。做题时,一方面要揣测命题人的意图,分析句子结构,正确理解句子的意思;另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思,并且能区别相似词组的意思,从而填出答案。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-介词 一、 表示“时间”的介词1. at, on, in(1)at表示“在某一时刻,某一时点”。如:I get up at 6:00 every day.我每天6点起床。注

4、:at daybreak在黎明at noon在中午at night在夜间at Christmas在圣诞节期间at the age of five在五岁时(2)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:I heard a shot on (the morning of )March 18.三月十八日(早晨)我听到一声枪响。We dont have classes on Sunday.星期天我们不上课。(3)in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如:in the 20th century在20世纪in 1999在1999年in winter在冬季in Septembe

5、r在九月in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上2. for, during, through(1)for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用。如:She has been ill for several days.她已经病了几天了。(2)during表示“在期间”。如:I went to France for two weeks during the summer.夏天我去了法国两个星期。(3)through表示“一直,自始至终”。如:They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。3.

6、 from, since(1)from表示“时间的起点”,可译作“从”,多用于“fromto/till”中。如:You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什么时间来都行。(2)since表示“自从以来(直到现在)”。如:We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。注意:for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如:for two hours(持续)两小时since last week从上周直到现在4. before, by, till, un

7、til(1)before指“在之前”,与after相对。如:Please come before ten oclock.请10点以前来。(2)by指“不迟于,到时为止,在以前”。如:We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.到本学期结束前,我们将学两千英语单词了。注:by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。(3)til

8、l (until)“直到为止”。 在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非 延续性动词连用。如I didnt go to bed until 12 oclock.直到12点我才睡。You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必须一直等到他明天。5. after, in, within(1)in和after都可表示“在之后”,但用法不同:a. 用in时要具备两个条件:用于将来时;后接时间段Ill arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。b. after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时He got a can

9、cer and died after a year.他患了癌症,一年后去世了。The meeting will end after 3:00pm.会议将在下午三点后结束。(2)within“在时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间,没有时态的限制。如:I can finish it within an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。二、 表示“地点、方位”的介词1. at, on, to, inat表示在小地方; 在附近,旁边in 表示 在大地方; 在围之内on 表示毗邻,接壤 to 表示在范围外,不强调是否接壤 He arrived at the station at ten.

10、 He is sitting at the desk. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies in the east of China.Russia live on the north of China. Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. 2. above, over, on above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触; on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying

11、 above my head. There is a bridge over the river. 3. along, through, across(1)across和through都可表示“横过”或“穿过”,前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”,涉及“体”的概念。如:He walked across the road carefully.他小心地走过马路。He walked through the forest alone.他独自一人走过森林。有时across表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行,但此时它仍与through有差别:前者表示从某个“体”

12、的一端到另一端,而后者表示穿过两端。如:He walked across the hall.他从大厅的一端走到另一端。He walked through the hall.他穿过大厅。(2)along表示“沿着”,通常用于狭长的东西。如:I saw him running along the road.我看见他沿着这条路跑。4. between, amongbetween一般指“两者之间”among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中,或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在中间”。如: Between the door and the windows there is a map. 门和窗户的中间有一

13、张地图。They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。三、其他介词1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on(1)by用某种方式,多用于交通。by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。(2)with表示“用某种工具”。如:He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。(3

14、)on表示“以方式”,多用于固定词组。They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on tv. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on(1) of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?(3)on

15、指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:Its a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of(1)for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:I am sorry for what i said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而”。如:He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一

16、惊。(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。(4) of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。She took your umbrella by mistake. 我

17、因弄错拿了你的雨伞。(7)because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.【真题对点析】1单句改错 1(2018全国) At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return for every two years.答案去掉for解析every two years每隔两年,是固定搭配,前面不用介词。2(2018全国) Still I was unwilling to play the games for th

18、em sometimes.答案forwith解析play games with sb.意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。3(2017全国) It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.答案onof解析分析语境可知,作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”,the middle of the road表示“路的中央”,强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。4(2017全国) When I look at this picture of myself,I real

19、ize of how fast time flies.I have grown not only physically,but also mentally in the past few years.答案去掉realize后的of解析realize是及物动词,后接宾语不需要介词,故去掉of。5(2017全国)They often get up early and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools. 答案去掉for解析buy 为及物动词,表示买某物,要用buy sth.。6.(

20、2015新课标全国卷)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.【答案】by【解析】by car意思是“乘坐汽车”,表示交通方式。7.(2014北京)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. 【答案】in【解析】表示某段时间后将发生的某事。【对点模拟练】11. You have to stop eating _ mea

21、ls if you want to lose weight.A. amongB. withinC. betweenD. from【答案】C【解析】考查介词。句意:如果想要减肥,你必须避免在两餐之间吃东西。由句意可知此处用between表示“二者之间”。2. The Great Wall winds its way _high mountains, _ deep valleys and _ great deserts.A. on, across, throughB. over, through, throughC. over, through, acrossD. on, in, across【答

22、案】C【解析】考查介词。句意:长城蜿蜒曲折越过高山,穿过山谷和沙漠。表示“越过”用over,表示“穿过内部”用through,表示“穿过表面”用across,故选C。3. September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill.【答案】by【解析】句意:9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处by意为“不迟于,在之前”。4. He called the two young men to him _ dawn, when others were sound asleep.【答案】before【解析】语境说其他人还在酣睡,因此填介词before

23、,表示“在拂晓前”。【考点精准说】2-介词短语常见的介词搭配:1. “介词 名词”型 (1) in 构成的短语 in advance 在前头,事先,预先 in case 如果,万一 in charge主管,掌管,看管 in common共有,共同,公有 in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的,难以确定的 in effect实际上,生效 in fact事实上 in order按序,井然有序,情况良好; 恰当 in progress进行中 in return作为回报 in vain徒劳 in turn依次,替换地;相应地,转而(2) on构成的短语 on guard 在值勤 on

24、 leave在休假 on holiday在度假 on strike罢工 on sale出售 on loan借贷 on the move在移动,搬迁;离开 on the march在行军 on the go正在活动,正在奔走 on the air正在广播 (3) beyond构成的短语 beyond ones power是某人力所不及的 beyond praise夸不胜夸 beyond ones reach够不着 beyond description难以形容 beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑 beyond ones understanding 无法理解 (4)

25、 under构成的短语under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中 under test在测试中 under construction在建设中 under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中 (5) at 构成的短语 at length 详细地,长时间 at sea茫然 at will任意地 at work在上班 at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息 at table在吃饭 at school上学 at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态 (

26、6) out of 构成的短语 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance失去平衡 out of date过时 out of patience不耐烦 out of control失去控制 out of business破产 out of style过时,不时髦 out of the ordinary不寻常的 out of touch失去联系 2 复杂介词型 (1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于,因为”。 because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系); on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。 (2) 表示“除之外”。

27、 with the exception of except, except for“除之外”; apart from (美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示“除之外”,相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除之外,(还,也)”,相当于besides; in addition to“除之外(还,也)”,相当于besides。 (3) 表示“有关,关于”。 concerning=regarding“关于,就而论,在方面”; with respect to“关于,就而言”; as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。 (4) 表示“在之前”。 ahead of=in

28、 advance of,可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早”, 还可表示“领先,优于”; in front of 多指空间的前后关系,“在前方”。 (5) 表示“支持,赞成”。 in support of 维护,支持,支援; in favor of 可指某人“支持,赞成”,也可指事物“有利于”(6) 表示“鉴于,由于;根据,按照”。 in the light of 按照,考虑到 in terms of 就而言,谈到 according to 根据;按照 in view of 鉴于,因为 (7) 表示“尽管”。 in spite of 尽管,不管【真题对点析】21(2018天津)

29、Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.Aat first Bafter all Cabove all Dat random【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但他终究去了。A. at first起初;B. after all毕竟,终究。C. above all首先;D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选B。点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于

30、短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。2(2019天津)The captain of the ship was advised to turn back _. a sudden heavy storm.Adue toBby means of Cin addition toDinstead of【答案】A【解析】考查介词词组辨析。句意:由于突然来了一场暴风雨,船长被建议返航。A. due to由于;B. by means of通过;C. in addition to除之外;D. instead of代替,而不是。故A选项正

31、确。3(2019江苏)These comments came _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.Ain memory ofBin response to Cin touch withDin possession of【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 纪念, B. in response to回应,C. in touch with联系,D. in possession of拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处为介词短语起连接状语的作用,根据常识和句意

32、,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。4(2015浙江)_ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.AAccording toBInstead of CIn addition toDIn spite of4【答案】D【解析】考查介词词组。句意:尽管存在所有这些问题,几个运动员还是表现很好。A. according to据(所说);按(所报道);B. instead of代替,作为的替换;C. in addition to另外,加之,除之外;D. i

33、n spite of尽管,不管。前后形成让步关系,故选D。5(2015重庆)Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.Ain effectBin commandCin turnDin shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的政策事实上都会鼓励员工专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上,事实上;B. in command指挥;C. in turn轮流,依次;D. in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A符合语境。6(2016天津卷)The dictionary is

34、 _: many words have been added to the language since it was published.Aout of controlBout of date Cout of sightDout of reach【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语。句意:这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来,很多单词被添加到这种语言中。A. out of control失去控制;B. out of date过时的;C. out of sight看不见的;D. out of reach够不着的。根据句意,故选B。7.(2017江苏卷)Determining where we are _

35、 our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A. in contrast to B. in defense ofC. in face of D. in relation to【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。A. in contrast to对比,截然不同;B. in defense of为辩护;C. in face of面对;D. in relation to与有关。句意:根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。【对点模拟练】21. I dont think it was an acci

36、dent at all. Your brother did it_.A. for purposeB.in orderC. on purposeD. out of order【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语。句意为:我认为这根本不是意外。你的哥哥故意为之。on purpose表示“故意地”。2. This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.A.in detailB.in totalC.in advanceD.in genera

37、l【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语。句意为:会议室是无烟区。我想提前警告你如果你在这里吸烟的话你将会被罚款。in advance表示“提前”。3I am always delighted when receiving your invitation, _ the party on June 9th after the national college entrance examination, I shall be pleased to attend.AOn account ofBWith regard toCIn response toDIn view of【答案】B【解析】考查介词词组辨析。

38、A. On account of由于,因为;B. With regard to关于,至于;C. In response to对-有反应;D. In view of鉴于,考虑到。句意:收到您的邀请我总是很高兴,关于6月9日高考后的晚会,我很乐意参加。结合句意可知答案为B。4_ your generous help, I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture.ABut forBOut ofCThanks toDAs to【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:由于你慷慨的帮助,我相信我对你的国家和

39、文化有了更好的理解。A. But for要不是;B. Out of由于,无感情色彩;C. Thanks to幸亏;由于;D. As to至于;关于。因为I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture表示我相信我对你的国家和文化有了更好的理解,所以前半句应该表示原因和感谢,所以用Thanks to表示幸亏,由于,故选C。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】一单句语法填空1. 【2020全国新课标I】The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesti

40、ng) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.2、【2020全国新课标3】The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.3.(2019新课标I卷)Modem methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, a

41、nd are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.4.【2019新课标III卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs,seven to be exact.5. 【2019北京卷】First celebrated_ 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).6.【2019浙江卷】But can uniforms help

42、improve school standards? The answer _ this question is not clear.7. 【2018浙江】 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.8.2017全国卷After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before

43、going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture. 9.2017全国卷In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _ work.10.【2016全国新

44、课标III】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.11.【2016四川】The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.【答案】1.65考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比更”。故填than。2. 70.考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世

45、界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所羞辱。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。3.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。4.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。5. 【答案】in【解析】 in 考查介词的用法,年份前面应该加介词in。6.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的

46、答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配,“的答案是”。故填to。7. 【答案】for【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭,表示目的用介词for,故填for。8.【答案】 in【解析】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配,意为“在方面获得学位”。9.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。10.【答案】with考查介词【解析】句意:在印度,大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法用手拿,with表示具体工具的名词,故填with。11.【答案】for 【解析】句意:妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间,

47、故填for。二单项选择1.(2020江苏省高考真题)Taking on this challenge will bring you _ someone who shares your interests.Ain exchange forBin answer toCin contact withDin memory of2.(2020天津高考真题)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake _ a monkey.Ain the shape ofBbeyond the reach ofCat the mercy ofDon the side o

48、f3.(2020天津高考真题)Dont be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am _ and have to catch the 11:00 train.Aon a limited budgetBin high spiritsCon a tight scheduleDin deep doubt4.(2019天津卷单项选择)_ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A. According toB. Instead of C. In additio

49、n toD. In spite of5(2018江苏省高考真题)Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.Ain line withBin reply toCin return forDin honour of6(2018天津)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.Aat first Bafter allCabove all

50、 Dat random7(2019天津高考真题)The captain of the ship was advised to turn back a sudden heavy storm.Adue toBby means ofCin addition toDinstead of8(2016天津卷)The dictionary is _: many words have been added to the language since it was published.Aout of controlBout of dateCout of sightDout of reach9(2015湖北) T

51、his meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.Ain advanceBin detailCin totalDin general10(2017北京)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.AamongBagainstCbehindDbelow11(2

52、017江苏)Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.Ain contrast toBin defense ofCin face ofDin relation to12(2018江苏)Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.Ain line withBin reply toCin return forDin honour o

53、f13(2019江苏)Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.Ain effectBin commandCin turnDin shape14(2016天津)The dictionary is _: many words have been added to the language since it was published.Aout of controlBout of dateCout of sightDout of reach15(2016浙江)That young man is

54、honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help._, hes reliable.AOr elseBIn shortCBy the wayDFor one thing16(2018北京高考真题)Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.AforBonCinDat17(2017天津高考真题)When you drive through the Redwood Fores

55、ts in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.AamongBagainstCbehindDbelow18(2017江苏高考真题)Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.Ain contrast toBin defense ofCin face ofDin relation to19(2017江苏高考真题)What does the stuff on your T-shir

56、t mean?Its nothing. Just something _.Aas clear as dayBoff the top of my headCunder my noseDbeyond my wildest dreams20(2015浙江高考真题)Most people work because its unavoidable. _, there are some people who actually enjoy work.AAs a resultBIn additionCBy contrastDIn conclusion【答案】1.【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这

57、个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for作为交换;B. in answer to回答;C. in contact with接触,与有联系;D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知,此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。2.【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候,妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈形状;B. beyond the reach of超出的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受的支配;D. on the

58、 side of拥护,站在的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。3.【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:9点的会议不要迟到,因为我的时间很紧,必须赶11点的火车。A. on a limited budget预算有限;B.inhigh spirits情绪高涨;C. on a tight schedule日程很紧;D.indeep doubt深度怀疑。根据句意和“have to catchthe11:00 train”可知是日程安排很紧,故选C。4【答案】D【解析】考查介词词组。句意:尽管存在所有这些问题,几个运动员还是表现很好。A. according to据(所说); 按(所报道);B.

59、 instead of代替,作为的替换;C. in addition to另外,加之,除之外;D. in spite of 尽管,不管。故选D。5【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与全球对中国与日俱增的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;与一致;B. in reply to答复;C. in return for作为的报答;D. in honour of为纪念,为庆祝。故选A。点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语,重点关注它们用法上的区

60、别。6【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但他终究去了。A. at first起初;B. after all毕竟,终究。C. above all首先;D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面情况相反,故选B。点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。7【答案】A【解析】考查介词词组辨析。句意:由于突然来了一场暴风雨,船长被建议返航。A. due to由于;B. by means of通过

61、;C. in addition to除之外;D. instead of代替,而不是。故A选项正确。8【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语。句意:这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来,很多单词被添加到这种语言中。A. out of control失去控制;B. out of date过时的;C. out of sight看不见的;D. out of reach够不着的。根据句意,故选B。【点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语,这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配,但是意思都是大相径庭,学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义,做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。由many wo

62、rds have been added to the language since it was published.可以确定是“过时的”。9【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被罚款。A项“提前”;B项“详细地”;C项“总共,总计”;D项“大体上,笼统地”。故选A项。考点:介词短语辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。题干中的关键词“if you smoked here you would be fined”这一虚拟语气表示这是假设的情况,因此是在“提前”警告某人。另外,考生应注意积累“in+n.(+of)”这一

63、常考搭配。10【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意:当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间; be against 反对; be behind 在后面; be below在之下。根据句意,故选A。【点睛】对于介词辨析题目,首先可以从句意着手,看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键,其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查,学生在平时的学习中要勤积累,多记忆,多多积累,以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出,还有的是一些固定搭配,需要了如指掌。11【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:确定相对于我们周围环境的地理位置仍然是我们生存的基本

64、技能。A. in contrast to与形成对照;B. in defense of为辩护;C. in face of面对;D. in relation to涉及,相对于。根据语境,故选D项。12A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与全球对中国与日俱增的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;与一致;B. in reply to答复;C. in return for作为的报答;D. in honour of为纪念,为庆祝。故选A。点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多辨析

65、意思相近的介词短语,重点关注它们用法上的区别。13A【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的政策事实上都会鼓励员工专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上,事实上;B. in command指挥;C. in turn轮流,依次;D. in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A符合语境。14B【解析】考查介词短语。句意:这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来,很多单词被添加到这种语言中。A. out of control失去控制;B. out of date过时的;C. out of sight看不见的;D. out of reach够不着的。根据句意,故选B。【点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混

66、的相似的介词短语,这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配,但是意思都是大相径庭,学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义,做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。由many words have been added to the language since it was published.可以确定是“过时的”。15B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:这个年轻人诚实,有合作精神,当你需要他的帮助的时候,他总是在那里。简言之,他很可靠。A.否则;B.简言之;C.顺便说一下;D.首先。根据句意和各选项分析,故选B。【点睛】介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语,但是意思却是大相径庭

67、。学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义,做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项来确定答案。这句话很明显,前后两句话意思一样,就是后面的内容简短,由此可以确定是“简言之”。16A【解析】考查介词。句意:早上好,Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。点睛:make an appointment with sb.和某人预约;make an appointment for为预约。17A【解析】考查介词。句意:当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be a

68、mong 位于之间; be against 反对; be behind 在后面; be below在之下。根据句意,故选A。【点睛】对于介词辨析题目,首先可以从句意着手,看懂句意是解答此类题目的关键,其次四个选项的意思也要了如指掌。这对于平时学生的基本知识进行考查,学生在平时的学习中要勤积累,多记忆,多多积累,以便在考试时能够迅速准确的答出,还有的是一些固定搭配,需要了如指掌。18D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:确定相对于我们周围环境的地理位置仍然是我们生存的基本技能。A. in contrast to与形成对照;B. in defense of为辩护;C. in face of面对;D.

69、in relation to涉及,相对于。根据语境,故选D项。19B【解析】考查习语辨析。句意:你T恤上的东西是什么意思?没什么。不过是即兴而为的东西。A. as clear as day一清二楚的;。B. off the top of ones head不假思索地,即兴地;C. under ones nose在某人鼻子底下,公然;D. beyond ones wildest dreams超越梦想。根据空前Its nothing.可知,此处指“不过是即兴而为的东西。”故选B。20C【解析】考查介词短语。句意:大部分人工作是因为不可避免,相比之下,有些人确实喜欢工作。A. As a result

70、结果;B. In addition此外;C. By contrast相比之下;D. In conclusion总而言之。“不可避免”表示一种无奈,也就是说,很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”,“喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种对比,故选C。【点睛】本题关键词是不可避免(unavoidable)。本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的。介词的短语的考查,四个选项意思都是相差很大的,该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思。平时要注重识记介词短语的,另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中。【典题模测】单项选择1-I think movie music can be made

71、memorable because its theme is repeated _ the film.- I agree with you.AontoBwithCthroughoutDaround2Under-achieving children have set up emotional barriers to education and, _ demands by adults, these barriers become even harder to overcome.Ain response toBin relation toCin contrast toDin addition to

72、3_ us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.AAlthoughBForCAsDWith4How do you study English?I study English talking with foreign students.AbyBonCatDup5With danger drawing near, we must all keep unt

73、il we know it is safe to relax.Aon guardBas usualCin orderDin mind6 _ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldnt go on with the experiment.ASinceBForCAsDWith7He has a talent _ acting. No one can _him as an actor.Afor; winBin; winCin; beatDfor; beat8It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas still leads a

74、 simple life _ his great wealth.AthoughBdespiteCthanks toDeven if9One of the first things that Jane did _ getting home was to check on her kids.AtoBforCofDon10Many people are _ the new policy.Ain favor ofBin honor ofCin search ofDin case of11(2015湖北) This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would

75、like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.Ain advanceBin detailCin totalDin general12One should apologize _ his taking the wrong glass at the party .AtoBonCforDof13The demand for this product is _.Ain demandBin needCin responseDon the increase14_ the heavy rain, they continued to

76、 walk.AThanks toBDespiteCThoughDDue to15Parents _ should act as good examples for children.Ain advanceBin detailCin particularDin panic16_ should we allow Taiwan to break away from mainland China.AAt one timeBAt no timeCIn no timeDFrom time to time17The war is over and their rule is _.Aat an endBin

77、the endCat the endDon end18I would rather be alone than have a false friend _.Ato keep companyBon companyCwith companyDfor company19Your teacher seems to be annoyed. Go to his office now is to _.Ain troubleBmake troubleCask for troubleDtake the trouble20Mrs. Smith rewarded the boy_$10_ bringing back

78、 the lost dog.Aat; ofBwith; forCfor; withDfor; for【答案】1C【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:我认为电影音乐可以制作得令人难忘,是因为它的主题贯穿整个电影。我同意你(的看法)。A. onto向,朝,在之上;B. with和在一起,具有,用;C.throughout 自始至终,遍及;D. around围绕,到处。电影的主题贯穿整个电影。故选C项。2A【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:成绩不佳的孩子为教育设置了情感障碍,而作为对成年人要求的回应,这些障碍变得更加难以克服。A. in response to回应、响应;B. in relation to

79、涉及;C. in contrast to与形成对照;D. in addition to除之外(还有)。根据空后的“demands by adults”可知此处表示“回应成年人的要求”,故选A。3D【详解】考查介词。句意:长久以来,我们一直认为会说话的植物只是幻想,但最新研究揭示了一些惊人的事实:植物似乎还是可以交流的。分析题意,“_ us long believing ”为短语而非句子,故排除A和C。A项中的Although和C项中的As后接句子。D项中的with 符合“with+宾语+宾补”的符合结构。综合分析,故选D项。4A【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:你怎么学英语的?我通过和外国学生交

80、谈来学习英语。A. by 通过方式,借助;B. on 在上面; C. at 在(表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间); D. up向(较高位置)。 结合后文“talking with foreign students”可知此处指通过和外国学生交谈的方式来学习英语,应用by。故选A。5A【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:危险正在迫近,我们必须保持警惕,直到我们知道是安全的才能放松。A.on guard警惕; B.as usual像往常一样; C.in order整齐,秩序井然;D.in mind记住。根据“With danger drawing near”可知,危险正在迫近,所以keep on

81、 guard意为“保持警惕” ,符合语境,故选A。6D【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意:随着温度急剧下降,我们无法继续进行实验。A. Since自从以来,因为;B. For为了;C. As正如,随着;D. With随着。根据后文“the temperature falling so rapidly”可知此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”。故选D。7D【分析】 【详解】考查介词和动词辨析。句意:他有表演的天赋。作为演员,没有人能够打败他。have a talent for(doing)sth“在某方面有天赋”是固定搭配。beat和win的区别是:win意思是是“赢”、“获胜”,

82、是取得游戏、比赛的胜利;而beat是打败某人或者某个集体,侧重与打败了某人或某个集体。故选D项。8B【详解】考查介词。句意:令人难以置信的是,卢卡斯先生尽管很富有,却仍过着简朴的生活。A. though尽管,引导让步状语从句;B. despite尽管,介词;C. thanks to幸亏,由于;D. even if即使,引导让步状语从句。根据his great wealth可知,此处不是句子,排除A项和D项;“leads a simple life”和“great wealth”形成转折关系。故选B。9D【详解】考查介词。句意:Jane 回家后做的第一件事,就是去看看她的孩子。分析句子可知,On

83、e of the first things that Jane did为句子主语,was to check on her kids为系表结构。介词on加名词或动名词表达“一就”,on getting home意为“一到家就”,在句中作时间状语。故选D项。10A【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:许多人赞成这项新政策。A.in favor of 喜欢,支持; B.in honor of 向.致敬,向.表示敬意, 为庆祝. ; C. in search of 寻找; D.in case of 万一。根据句意,此处表示对新政策, 大家表示“支持”。A项符合题意,故选A项。11A【详解】考查介词短语辨析。

84、句意:这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被罚款。A. in advance提前;B. in detail详细地;C. in all总共,总计;D. in general大体上,笼统地。根据句意可知,此处用in advance“提前”符合语境。故选A项。12C【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:一个人应该为他在聚会上拿错了杯子而道歉。分析题意,apologize for为固定搭配译为“因而道歉”。此处符合题意,故选C项。13D【详解】考查介词短语。句意:这种产品的需求正在增加。A. in demand非常需要的; 受欢迎的;B. in need在贫困中;在危难中;C. in re

85、sponse作为回答;D. on the increase正在增加。根据语境可知,此处指产品需求正在增加。故选D。14B【详解】考查介词(短语)词义辨析。句意:尽管下着大雨,他们仍继续步行。A. Thanks to多亏了;B. Despite尽管;C. Though虽然,尽管;D. Due to由于。根据句意可知,句子表示的是“尽管”下着大雨,仍继续步行,应在Despite和Though之间进行选择,Despite为介词,后一般加名词性短语或代词,Though为连词,一般用来引导让步状语从句,空格后“the heavy rain”为名词性短语,故应用Despite。故选B项。15C【详解】考查

86、介词短语辨析。句意:家长尤其应该做孩子的榜样。A. in advance 提前;B. in detail 详细地;C. in particular 尤其,特别;D. in panic 恐慌地。根据空后 good examples for children可知,此处强调家长的榜样作用, in particular符合句意。故选C。16B【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我们绝不允许台湾从祖国大陆分裂出去。A. At one time一度,曾经;B. At no time绝不;C. In no time立刻,马上;D. From time to time 时不时,偶尔。根据句意及常识可知,“台湾从祖

87、国大陆分裂出去”是绝对不允许的。故选B。17A【详解】考查介词短语。句意:战争结束了,他们的统治也结束了。A. at an end结束;B. in the end终于;最后;C. at the end最后,在终点;D. on end竖着地; 连续地。选择项中,只有at an end搭配be动词使用。故选A。18D【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我宁愿孤单一人,也不愿有虚伪的朋友陪伴。for company 陪伴、作伴,该短语是固定短语。故选D。19C【详解】考查动词短语和介词短语辨析。句意:你的老师似乎很生气。现在去他办公室是自找麻烦。A. in trouble处于困境;B. make trouble闹事;捣乱;C. ask for trouble自找麻烦;自讨苦吃;D. take the trouble 不辞劳苦;费心;费力。根据“Your teacher seems to be annoyed.”可知,去正在生气的老师的办公室是自找麻烦。故选C。20B【详解】考查介词。句意:史密斯夫人奖励这个男孩子十美元,因为他带回了她丢失的狗。reward sb with sth for doing sth表示“为某事给某人报酬或奖赏某物”,是固定搭配,故选B项。

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