1、课时作业18Developing ideas & Presenting ideasI fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to EI Capitan, a _1_ rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and kne
2、w _2_ I wanted to climb it. That has been my lifes passion (钟爱) ever since_3_ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. Ive long made Yosemite my _4_.About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of _5_， like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. Its _6_ me why visitors started respectin
3、g the place _7_ and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way.I tried _8_ trash(垃圾)myself, but the job was too big. I would _9_ an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so _10_ it that I decided something had to change.As a rockclimbi
4、ng guide, I knew _11_ about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a _12_. On that day, more than 300 people _13_. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to _14_. I couldnt believe the _15_ we madet
5、he park looked clean!Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and _16_ 132 miles of roadway.I often hear people _17_ about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by _18_ r
6、ather than complaining. We need to teach by _19_. You cant blame others _20_ you start with yourself.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者把约塞米蒂国家公园当作自己的家。当作者看到里面有大量的垃圾时，开始是自己捡垃圾，后来组织大家捡垃圾。由此作者明白改变事情的方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。1A.distantBlooseCnarrowDhuge答案：D解析：考查形容词辨析。A.distant遥远的；B.loose松的；C.narrow狭窄的；D.huge巨大的。句意：在回程的路上，我请他们等我，我跑向
7、了巍峨的埃尔卡皮坦山，一块高达3 300英尺的巨岩。由“3,300 feet”可知，岩石很巨大。故D选项切题。2A.immediatelyBfinallyCgraduallyDrecently答案：A解析：考查副词辨析。A.immediately立即；B.finally最后；C.gradually逐渐地；D.recently最近。句意：我触摸到那块巨石时，立刻知道我想攀登它。由“That has been my lifes passion (钟爱) ever since”可知，从那以后，那是作者一生的钟爱。所以immediately“立即”用在这里表示作者对于这块巨石以及攀岩的喜爱。故A选项切
8、题。3A.imaginingBpaintingCdescribingDclimbing答案：D解析：考查动词辨析。A.imagining想象；B.painting绘画；C.describing 描述；D.climbing爬。句意：从那以后，那是我一生的钟爱攀登约塞米蒂的岩石和山脉。由前文的“climb”可知，本句为原词再现，来说明攀登约塞米蒂的岩石和山脉是作者的最爱。故D选项切题。4A.gardenBhomeClabDpalace答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。A.garden花园；B.home家；C.lab实验室；D.palace宫殿。句意：我一直把约塞米蒂当作我的家。由下文“ beautifu
9、l homelike place”可知B选项切题。5A.materialBresourcesCwasteDgoods答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。A.material材料；B.resources资源；C.waste 垃圾；D.goods货物。句意：大约15年前，我开始在这个地区周围看到很多垃圾，如卫生纸、啤酒罐和空盒子。故C选项切题。6A.beyondBagainstCoverDwithin答案：A解析：考查介词辨析。A.beyond超出；B.against反对；C.over越过；D.within在里。句意：这让我无法理解为什么游客开始对这个地方不那么尊重，并以这种方式对待一个如此美丽的像家一样
10、的地方。故A选项切题。7A.moreBmostCleastDless答案：D解析：考查副词辨析。A.more 更多；B.most最多；C.least最少；D.less较少地。句意：这让我无法理解为什么游客开始对这个地方不那么尊重，并以这种方式对待一个如此美丽的像家一样的地方。由前文可知，游客已经污染了这个作者喜欢的地方，所以认为游客对这个地方的尊重变少了。故D选项切题。8A.throwing awayBpicking upCbreaking downDdigging out答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.throwing away扔掉；B.picking up拾起；C.breaking d
11、own出故障；D.digging out挖出。句意：我尝试自己动手捡垃圾，但这项工作实在太艰巨了。由“trash”可知，pick up“拾起”符合句意。故B选项切题。9A.killBspendCwaitDsave答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。A.kill杀死；B.spend花费；C.wait等待；D.save节省。句意：我会捡一两个小时，才发现不出几个星期，又是遍地垃圾。故B选项切题。10A.satisfied withBdelighted inCtired ofDused to答案：C解析：考查形容词短语辨析。A.satisfied with 对满意；B.delighted in高兴做某事；C
12、.tired of厌倦；D.used to过去常常。句意：最后，我厌倦了，决定改变一些东西。由前文的“only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later”可知，作者厌倦了。故C选项切题。11A.somethingBanythingCeverythingDnothing答案：D解析：考查代词辨析。A.something某事；B.anything任何事情；C.everything每件事情；D.nothing没有什么。句意：作为一名攀岩向导，我对组织任何重大活动一无所知。故D选项切题。12A.partyBcleanupCpicnicDco
13、ncert答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。A.party聚会；B.cleanup打扫；C.picnic野餐；D.concert音乐会。句意：但在2004年，我和其他登山者定下了一个清理日期。由下文“e for the cleanup.”可知B选项切题。13A.dropped outBshowed upClooked aroundDcalled back答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.dropped out辍学；B.showed up出现；C.looked around环顾四周；D.called back回电话。句意：在这一天，有超过300人来。由下文的“come”也可判断出，showed up
14、“出现”符合句意。故B选项切题。14A.demandBreceiveCachieveDovercome答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。 Ademand要求；B.receive接受；C.achieve 取得；D.overcome克服。句意：我们取得如此大的成就真令人惊讶。由“Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash”可知，三天里，我们捡了大约6 000磅的垃圾。所以作者取得的成就令人惊讶。故C选项切题。15A.planBvisitCcontactDdifference答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.plan计划；B.visit拜
15、访；C.contact联系；D.difference不同。句意：我简直不敢相信我们所做的改变公园看起来很干净！由“ the park looked clean！”可知D选项切题。16A.crossedBmeasuredCcoveredDdesigned答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。A.crossed穿过；B.measured测量；C.covered 覆盖；D.designed设计。句意：仅在2007年，就有2 945人参加，总共捡了42 330磅的垃圾，足以覆盖132公里的道路。由“132 miles of roadway”可知， covered“覆盖”符合句意，以此说明垃圾的数量巨大。故C选项
16、切题。17A.complainBtalkCargueDquarrel答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.complain抱怨；B.talk谈话；C.argue争论；D.quarrel争吵。句意：我经常听到有人抱怨自己身处的环境。由下文“complaining”可知A选项切题。18A.doingBthinkingCquestioningDwatching答案：A解析：考查动名词辨析。A.doing做；B.thinking思考；C.questioning询问；D.watching看。句意：如果你是其中之一，我想说的是动手做吧，只有这样才能有所改变，而不是抱怨。捡垃圾就是行动之一，不应该一直抱怨而不去动
17、手做。故A选项切题。19A.methodBexplanationCexampleDresearch答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。A.method方法；B.explanation解释；C.example 例子；D.research研究。句意：我们需要以身作则。作者告诫他人，不要一直抱怨，要有行动，且要以身作则，因为自己和很多人就是这么做的。故C选项切题。20A.althoughBifCunlessDwhen答案：C解析：考查连词辨析。A.although尽管；B.if如果；C.unless除非；D.when当时。句意：除非你从自己做起，否则不能责怪其他人。分析句子可知，本句为unless引导的条件
18、状语从句。故C选项切题。ALocated in northern Manitoba on the west side of Hudson Bay, Churchill is out in the middle of nowhere. But polar bears like it that way. They spend summers on the tundra (苔原) around Churchill. In the fall, they wait anxiously along the shore of Hudson Bay for the ice to form. Then they
19、 go out onto the frozen sea to hunt ringed seals, their favorite food. October and November are the best polar bear viewing times. From tundra vehicles, visitors to Churchill observe the bears. Some enjoy day trips or stay overnight on large tundra vehicles that have private cabins and eating facili
20、ties. Others stay at a wilderness lodge on the bears migration route to view the vigorous creatures. These lodges can be reached only by air and feature luxury food and living arrangements.Despite the large number of polar bears that visit Churchill each year, there is growing concern about the anim
21、als future. Because the earth is getting warmer, the ice forms later in the year now and disappears sooner in the spring. As a result, polar bears have less time to hunt for seals. Polar bears can also find smaller animals, bird eggs and berries on land, but this kind of food is not sufficient to su
22、pport the animals.Polar bears are also affected by plastic and chemicals that get into the ocean. A research project carried out in northern Europe has found high concentrations of both plastic and chemicals in the tissue of polar bears. These materials and substances can damage the animals internal
23、 organs, especially when the animals are not yet mature. Many people are researching polar bear health. Their goal is to gather the information that is needed to help save these animals.这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了北极熊的生存环境，全球变暖对北极熊捕食的影响以及人类排入海洋的塑料和化学制品危及到了他们的生存。1What does this article imply about Churchill?AIts lo
24、cated in a very remote area.BIts attracting fewer tourists now.CIts surrounded by smaller towns.DIts dependent on the oil industry.答案：A解析：细节理解题。由第一段Churchill is out in the middle of nowhere.可知，Churchill在一个位置很偏远的地方。故A选项正确。2What does this article explain about polar bears?AThe ways in which they threa
25、ten people.BThe most important elements of their diets.CThe mating behavior that they exhibit.DThe time of year when they give birth.答案：B解析：推理判断题。由第一段 Then they go out onto the frozen sea to hunt ringed seals, their favorite food.(然后他们走到冰冻的海面去猎取环斑海豹，这是它们最喜欢的食物。)以及第二段Because the earth is getting warm
26、er, the ice forms later in the year now and disappears sooner in the spring. As a result, polar bears have less time to hunt for seals.(地球正在变暖，冰形成得晚，但在春天融化得快。因此，北极熊捕食海豹的时间更少了。)可知，文章解释了北极熊饮食中最重要的元素。故B选项正确。3How is the polar bears seal winter hunting season changing?AIts starting earlier.BIts becoming
27、colder.CIts finishing later.DIts getting shorter.答案：D解析：细节理解题。由第二段Because the earth is getting warmer, the ice forms later in the year now and disappears sooner in the spring. As a result, polar bears have less time to hunt for seals.可知，因为地球正在变暖，冰形成得晚，但在春天融化得快，因此北极熊捕食海豹的时间更少了。故D选项正确。4What can we lea
28、rn about polar bears from this article?AHow they avoid traffic accidents.BHow they learn good habits from one another.CHow theyre endangered by pollution.DHow they find a hiding place during bad weather.答案：C解析：细节理解题。由最后一段可知，人类排入海洋的塑料和化学制品危及到了他们的生存 。故C选项正确。BWhen my daughter Sara was in the fifth grad
29、e，she came to me with a problem.“Marcy hates me！” she cried.“Because Kathy is my friend，too. She wants me to be her friend and nobody elses. You talk to Marcy.You tell her that I want to be her friend，but I can have other friends，too！”Oh！I looked at her for a few moments，wondering how I got into thi
30、s mess，when suddenly an idea came to me.Picking up two baskets from the living room，I explained，“When everyone is born，he or she has a little basket. This little one here is yours. The big one is mine. As you grow，so does the basket. You can see your little basket is inside mine because when you wer
31、e born，there were too many things you couldnt do for yourself. I did everything you couldnt do on your own.”She nodded.“Well，as you grew older and began to do some things on your own，I began placing a few more things in your basket. When you learned to tie your shoes，that went in your basket.”She sa
32、id softly，“I can tie my own shoes.”“Right. As you grow older，there will be more and more things you must do on your own.” As I spoke，I gradually took her basket out of mine and handed it to her.“You will finally carry your own basket with things only you can do.”She looked up at me and said，“I under
33、stand. There are some things that I have to do for myself because they are in my basket.”本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的女儿在交朋友中遇到了一些问题，无法自己处理，作者通过举例子让女儿明白了随着长大，有些事必须要自己解决。5What was Saras problem?AShe didnt have a basket.BShe didnt want her own basket.CHer mother was too hard on her.DShe couldnt deal with her fr
34、iendship.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Marcy hates me！ she cried.Because Kathy is my friend，too.She wants me to be her friend and nobody elses.You talk to Marcy.You tell her that.”可知，女儿遇到的麻烦是不会处理和别人的友谊，故选D。6What did the author feel when she heard her daughters problem?AAngry.BCrazy.CHelpless.DProud.答案：C解析：推理
35、判断题。根据第二段中的“Oh！I looked at her for a few moments，wondering how I got into this mess”可知，作者在刚开始听到女儿的麻烦时，是束手无策的。故选C项。7We can infer that Sara _.Awouldnt make friends with KathyBwould talk to Marcy herselfCwas too young to deal with anythingDmanaged to persuade her mother to help her答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的
36、“There are some things that I have to do for myself because they are in my basket.”可知，Sara在听了作者的教导之后，应该会自己去和Marcy谈谈。故选B。8Which of the following can best describe the author?AWise.BKind.CHardworking.DCruel.答案：A解析：推理判断题。作者听到自己女儿的请求不是马上答应，而是采用一种好的方法来开导自己的女儿，让她明白其中的道理，这说明作者是非常聪明的，故选A。在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括
37、号内单词的正确形式。They had been on _1_ (we)planets for millions of years，but 2018 was the year several species _2_ (official)died off for ever.Three bird species went extinct in 2018，two of _3_ are songbirds from northeastern Brazil. A _4_ (disturb)trend is that mainland species are starting to go extinct，r
38、ather than island species.The species _5_ (wipe)out in the wild resulted from many factors such as the creation of dam and trapping _6_ trade.Beyond birds，other animals such as the vaquita and the northern white rhino _7_ (be)near the end.We are currently experiencing the worst species dieoffs since
39、 the _8_ (lose)of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.Although extinction is a _9_ (nature)phenomenon，it occurs at a rate of about one to five species per year.Scientists estimate were now losing species at 1,000 to 10,000 times the rate.In the past 500 years，about 1,000 species _10_ (go) extinct.本文是
40、一篇记叙文。文章讲述导致物种灭绝的因素。1our解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们一直在我们的行星里数百万年，但在2018年有几个物种正式相继灭绝。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为our。2officially解析：考查副词。句意：他们一直在我们的行星里数百万年，但在2018年有几个物种正式相继灭绝。副词修饰动词，故答案为officially。3which解析：考查定语从句。句意：在2018年，三种鸟类灭绝，其中两个是巴西东北部的鸣禽。此处species作先行词，指物，在介词of后面用which(指物)引导定语从句，故答案为which。4disturbing解析：考查形容词。句意：一个令
41、人不安的趋势是大陆物种开始灭绝，而不是岛上的物种。此处用形容词修饰名词，故答案为disturbing。5wiped解析：考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：该物种在自然环境下灭绝是由许多因素造成的，如大坝的建立和贸易陷阱。此处The species 和wipe之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为wiped。6for解析：考查固定词组。句意：该物种在自然环境下灭绝是由许多因素造成的，如大坝的建立和贸易陷阱。trap for trade贸易陷阱。故答案为for。7are解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：除了鸟，其他动物如小头鼠海豚和北部白犀牛也即将灭绝。此处指现在的情况，句子用一般现在时态，且主语是animals，复数形式，故答案为are。8loss解析：考查名词。句意：我们正在经历自6 500万年前恐龙灭绝以来最严重的物种灭绝。根据the可知此处用名词形式，故答案为loss。9natural解析：考查形容词。句意：尽管灭绝是一种自然现象，但它在以每年一至五种的速度发生。此处phenomenon是名词，形容词修饰名词，故答案为natural。10have_gone解析：考查现在完成时态。句意：在过去的500年里，大约1 000个物种已经灭绝了。根据In the past 500 years可知句子用现在完成时态，故答案为have gone。
