1、高一（上）Unit 1School lifeGrammar and usageGrammar and usageLead-in:1.What are they wearing?2.Can you describe the girls using attributives?1.The red girls.2.The girls in red.3.The girls who are wearing red.Attributives:Attributive clause:Question:Which is an attributive clause?1.The red girls.2.The gir
2、ls in red.3.The girls who are wearing red.prepositional phraseattributive clauseadjectiveConceptAn attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does.The noun it modifies is called an antecedent.eg.The team who are wearing red.Relatives:The attributive
3、clauses are usually introduced by relative pronouns like which,that,who,whom,as and whose,or relative adverbs like where,why and when.In the attributive clauses the relative words usually function as the:subject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbial.FunctionsThe trees are behind the office building
4、.They have lost their leaves.SubjectThe trees which are behind the office buildinghave lost their lives.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.Object Jack used to be a lazy boy.He is no longer a lazy boy.Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.Predicative She
5、 has a brother.I cant remember his name.She has a brother whose name I cant remember.AttributeThe school is in Shenzhen.He studied in the school.The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.Adverbial 关系代词 that,which,who,whom 和 whose 的用法关系代词who 指人，作主语或宾语（作宾语常可省略）；whom指人，作宾语；whose 指人或物，作定语；which 指物，作主语、
6、宾语、表语;that 指人或物，作主语、宾语、表语；as 指人或物，作主语、表语，as的作用接近who和which;关系代词用法关系代词 指代在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhom whose(=of which)人物 主宾 主宾 主宾 宾 定 人 人 人物 物 1.The man _stands there is Tom.2.The girl _I met is Ms Li.3.The boy _watch was lost is Tom.4.The book _ lies on the desk is his.5.The pen _ you bought is good.6.The
7、 magazine _cover is red is nice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whoseExercise:I.That 和 which以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词 everything，something，nothing，anything 等修饰时，常用关系代词 that 来引导定语从句。Note:2.先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰或被the only,the very,the same,the last 等限定词修饰时，用关系代
8、词 that 引导定语从句。例如：These are all the pictures that I have seen.这是我看的所有照片。This is the very dictionary that is of great help.这就是那本对我帮助很大的字典。3.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用关系代词 that 引导定语从句。如：The first thing that they should do is to work out a plan.他们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。Newton was one of the greatest men that ever live
9、d.牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。4.先行词同时指人和物时，用that。如：We talked about the things and persons that we saw in the movie.我们谈论了我们在这部电影中所见的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走过来的男人和他的驴子。5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时用that。如：Which is the book that you want?哪本是你想要的书？Who is the man that is st
10、anding by the gate?站在大门旁边的那个男人是谁？Part A习题参考答案(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)who 先行词为“students”,who 指人，在句中作主语。which 先行词为“time”,which 指代物。who 先行词为“students,who 指代人，在句中做主语。whom 先行词为“students”,并在句中作宾语。which 先行词为“classes”，which指代物。which 先行词为“classes”，which指代物。whose 先行词为“teacher”，并在句中作定语。whom 先行词为“teacher”,并在句中做
11、宾语。Exercise:1.This is the best film _weve seen.2.That is the last lesson _I gave you.3.This is the very book _he is looking after.4.This is just the coat _ color is blue.5.That is the right place _ they study.6.I still remember the schools and boys _ I met here.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)7.Ev
12、erything _ you said is true.8.Which is the book _ you want?9.Who is the girl _ sits there.10.All _ he said is true.11.All _ is said by him is true.12.Are there any problems _ trouble you?13.I will make full use of the time _ there is left for me.(that)(that)that(that)thatthat(that)Former student ret
13、urns from ChinaDavid Holmes studies at our school from 2001 to 2004.He has recently returned from his studies in China.David was one of the most helpful studentsthat we ever had.In 2004,he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chineseculture.After graduating from university,he went
14、 toChina to study Chinese at Beijing Language andCulture University.Two years later,he was able to speak fluent Chinese.Upon finishing his studies,he started travelling in China.Some of the cities in Chinawhich he likes most are Beijing,Shanghai,Harbin and Nanjing.In China he developed an interest i
15、n teaching English to Chinese students.Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends.When he returned to British two months ago,he brought back from China many interesting books,dictionaries,paintings and photographs.He donatedmost of them to our school library.Some of the bookswere gi
16、fts that he got from his Chinese friends andstudents.The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.Teachersand students at our school wish to thank David for hiskindness.Next month we will have our school open day.We haveinvited David to be one of our guest sp
17、eakers.He willmake a speech about his splendid experiences in China.The speech is going to be at 3 p.m.on 9 October.At theend of his speech,there will be 30 minutes for questionsand answers.So,if you are interested in knowing moreabout China,you mustnt miss the chance to meet Davidat the open day.La
18、nguage points 1.Former student returns from China以前的学生从中国归来former adj.以前的e.g.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room,they have made the new one look like the old one.通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。2.David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.戴维是我们遇到过的最乐于助人的学生之一。本句为主从复合句。t
19、hat引导点语从句，且在从句中作宾语。注意：当先行词是序数词、形容词的最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that 而不用which引导。e.g.The first song that I learned will never be forgotten.我永远不会忘记我学的第一首歌。3.After graduating from university,he went toChina to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University.大学毕业后，他去了中国，在北京语言文化大学学习中文。graduate
20、vi.毕业n.C 毕业生e.g.My brother is a graduate of Yale.我的哥哥是耶鲁大学的毕业生。graduate from 从毕业。He graduated from Oxford.他毕业于牛津大学。4.Two years later,he was able to speak fluent Chinese.两年后他就能讲一口流利的中文了。fluent adj.流利的e.g.Ramon is fluent in English and French.拉蒙的英语和法语都讲得很流利。扩展：fluently adv.流利地；流畅地5.Upon finishing his
21、studies,he started travelling in China.学习一结束，他就开始游历中国。upon/on+n./doing sth.表示“一就”,句中 upon finishing his studies 相当于 as soon as he finished his studies。e.g.Upon arriving at the school,he telephoned me.他一到学校就给我打电话了。On hearing the good news,my sister jumped with joy.一听到这个好消息，我妹妹高兴地跳了起来。6.In China he de
22、veloped an interest in teaching English to Chinese students.在中国他对教中国学生英语产生了兴趣。develop an interest 对产生兴趣e.g.Under the help of my teacher,I began to develop an interest in Chinese.在老师的帮助下，我开始对汉语产生了兴趣。7.He donated most of them to our school library.他把其中的大部分都捐给了我们学校的图书馆。donate vt.捐赠e.g.Local people line
23、d up to donate biood for the brave girl.当地群众排队给这位勇敢地姑娘献血。donate sth.To sb./sth.把某物捐给某人/某物e.g.She donated her books to the library.她把她的书捐给了图书馆。扩展：donation n.U,C 捐赠；捐赠物e.g.Would you like to make a donation?你愿意捐赠吗？8.The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.戴
24、维捐给学校的绘画作品正在展览室展出。本句中that引导的定语从句在从句中作宾语，指代先行词paintings。主句谓语动词are being shown 采用现在进行时的被动语态(构成形式为am/are/is+being+过去分词)，表示正在发生的被动动作。e.g.-Are you about to have dinner?-Yes,it is being served in the dining-room.你们是要准备吃饭吗？是的，餐厅里正在上菜。9.Teachers and students at our school wish to thank David for his kindnes
25、s.我们学校的师生都想对戴维的善意表示感谢。kindness n.U 善意；善良；好意e.g.She was known to all for her kindness.她的仁慈人人皆知。归纳：sadness 悲伤brightness 明亮happiness 幸福correctness 正确selfishness 自私darkness 黑暗sickness 生病usefulness 有用10.He will make a speech about his splendid experiences in China.他将就他在中国极棒的经历发表演讲。splendid adj.极佳的；非常好的e.
26、g.What a splendid idea!这主意棒极了！Weve all had a splendid time.我们大家都玩得很开心。联想：excellent adj.极好的，卓越的outstanding adj.杰出的，出色的1.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A.whose B.that C.who D.which【2013福建】高考链接：【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whos
27、e。2.Happiness and success often come to those _are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.who C.whatD.which【2013湖南】【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人；定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。3.The president of the World Bank says he hasa passion for China,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.where B.whi
28、ch C.what D.when【2013江苏】【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。4.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of are family members.A them B.that C.which D.whom【2013重庆】【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用whom。介词之后不能用that，应予以排除；which指先行词为物；them为人称代词，应用于并列句中。5.The children,_ had played the whole day long,were worn out.A.all of what B.all of which C.all of them D.all of whom【2013浙江】【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先行词为children，故答案为D。Homework Review the attributive clauses and relative pronouns.
