1、专题五 文化教育型阅读理解 专题五 文化教育型阅读理解 专题导读专题五 专题导读 文化教育类阅读理解常涉及文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：1采用先题后文的方法。先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。2先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。专题五 专题导读 3重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有
2、两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点：(1)读首句抓大意。此类文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁，主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。(2)读尾句抓大意。有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。(3)读首段抓大意。有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。专题五 专题导读 (4)从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中，这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表
3、达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。(5)归纳要点抓大意。有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。真题典例专题五 真题典例 2011辽宁卷 About 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings.Instead,they receive their elementary(初等)and high school education by working at home on
4、computers.The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public“cyberschools”，and that is about twice as many as two years ago.专题五 真题典例 The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live.Some educators say cyberschools receive money
5、 that should support traditional public schools.They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed.These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in tradition
6、al schools.They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.专题五 真题典例 Whatever the judgement of cyberschools,they are getting more and more popular.For example,a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall.It w
7、ill serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.Children get free equipment for their online education.This includes a computer,a printer,books and technical services.Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers whe
8、n necessary.专题五 真题典例 Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another.But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time.They were guests of honor at their graduation.()1.What do we know from the text about students of a cyb
9、erschool?AThey have to take long bus rides to school.BThey study at home rather than in classrooms.CThey receive money from traditional public schools.DThey do well in traditional school programs.专题五 真题典例()2.What is a problem with cyberschools?ATheir equipment costs a lot of money.BThey get little s
10、upport from the state government.CIt is hard to know students progress in learning.DThe students find it hard to make friends.()3.Cyberschools are getting popular because_.Athey are less expensive for students Btheir students can work at their own speed Ctheir graduates are more successful in societ
11、y Dthey serve students in a wider age range 专题五 真题典例 ()4.We can infer that the author of the text is_.Aunprejudiced in his description of cyberschools Bexcited about the future of cyberschools Cdoubtful about the quality of cyberschools Ddisappointed at the development of cyberschools 专题五 真题典例 【解析】本
12、文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国新兴的网络学校的现状、学生的学习方式、各方的评价以及网络学校的经济来源以及设备提供等。1B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Instead,they receive their elementary and high school education by working at home on computers，可知他们在家通过电脑接受小学和中学教育，故可知B项正确。2C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well可知，了解学生学得是否好是很难的
13、，与C项一致。专题五 真题典例 3B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed可知，这种新形式的学校允许学生按照自己的速度学习，与B项一致。4A 推理判断题。作者客观地向读者介绍网络学校的现状，学生的学习方式、各方的评价以及它的经济来源和设备提供等，特别是根据第四段第一句中的Whatever the judgment of cyberschools可知，作者对网络学校的态度是公平而没有成见的，与A项一致。新题预测专题五
14、新题预测 (一)A few years ago,I took a sightseeing trip to Washington DC.Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center,I heard a voice say,“Can you help me？”When I turned around,I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended(伸展).In a natural reflex(反射),I reached into my pocket,pulled out all of my loose
15、change and placed it on her hand without even looking at her.I was annoyed at being bothered by a beggar.But the blind woman smiled and said,“I dont want your money.I just need help finding the post office.”专题五 新题预测 In an instant,I realized what I had done.I judged another person simply for what I a
16、ssumed she had to be.I hated what I saw in myself.This incident reawakened my belief in humility(谦恭),even though Id lost it for a moment.The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant(移民).I left Honduras and arrived in the US.at the age of 15.I started my new life with two suitcase
17、s,my brother and sister,and a strong,seriousminded mother.Through the years,I have been a dishwasher,mechanic and pizza delivery driver among many other humble(卑微的)jobs,and eventually I became a network engineer.专题五 新题预测 In my own life,I have experienced many open acts of prejudice.I remember a time
18、,at age 17I worked as a waiter,and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he didt do well in school,he would end up like me.I have also witnessed the same treatment of my family and friends,so I know what its like,and I should have known better.But now,living in my American middleclass lifesty
19、le,it is too easy to forget my past,to forget who I am and where I have been,and to lose sight of where I want to be going.That blind woman on the street of Washington DC.cured me of my blindness.She reminded me of my belief in humility 专题五 新题预测 and to always keep my eyes and heart open.By the way,I
20、 helped that lady to the post office.And in writing this essay,I hope to thank her for the priceless lesson.()1.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_.Athe author regretted his act of prejudice Bthe blind woman needed the money badly Cthe author was as poor as the blind woman Dthe author w
21、as a native American ()2.According to Paragraph 4,hearing the fathers words,the author was probably_.Arather hurt Bvery excited Cdeeply moved Dgreatly inspired 专题五 新题预测 ()3.According to the passage,the author probably agrees that one should_.Abe nice to the elderly and the disabled Btry to experienc
22、e different kinds of life Ctreat others equally with love and respect Dthink about ones past as often as possible ()4.According to the passage,how many statements are TRUE?a.I was not born in America.b.I was impatient with the blind woman at first.c.I wouldnt like to help the blind woman at all.d.I
23、have a rather rich life now.e.I once was ashamed of my first jobs.专题五 新题预测 A2.B3.C4.D5.()5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ALearn from your past BHow my dream comes true CA belief that will never change DA priceless lesson in the street 专题五 新题预测 【解析】一位上了年纪的女盲人在街头向作者求助，作者
24、却想当然地认为她是在乞讨。作者羞愧难当，经深刻反省后，端正了思想认识。1A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In an instant,I realized what I had done.和第二句I judged anothershe had to be.联系第四段acts of prejudice可知，作者知道自己错了，不该带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。2A 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句I remember a timeend up like me.可知，当时那个小孩子的父亲把作者当成了反面教材来教育孩子，作者可能受到了很大的伤害。3C 推理判断题。帮助盲人这件事并不大，但作者深刻反省，认识到不应
25、该对弱势群体持有偏见。C项说法与作者的意图一致。专题五 新题预测 4C 细节理解题。从第三段第一、二句话可知a正确；第三段最后一句话可知e正确；从第一段可知b正确；从最后一段可知d正确。从本文最后的结果可知作者后来帮助了那个失明的老妇人，故c叙述有误，故本题答案为C。5D 主旨大意题。主要根据在末段第二句That blind womanof my blindness.和第三句She reminded meand heart open.关键词语是末段第二句的on the streets和最后一句的the priceless lesson。第二句的意思是：华盛顿街头的那位女盲人让我重见光明。也就是
26、说，那位盲人让作者丢掉对弱势群体的偏见，继续坚持谦恭待人的人生信条。专题五 新题预测 (二)Just what is a tiger mother?Amy Chua is a law professor at Americas Yale University and her recent book on the subject is making waves.Shes been called“dangerous”，“outrageous”，even a“monster”for her descriptions of how she brought up her two daughters.He
27、r book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother describes fighting with a daughter for hours at the piano to ensure the child gets a piece of music right.She rejected birthday cards made for her by her girls because she didnt think they had made enough effort.She compared one child negatively 专题五 新题预测 with t
28、he other,threatening to burn their toys.Her rules include:schoolwork always comes first;an A-minus is a bad grade;your children must be two years ahead of their classmates in math,and playing the violin or the piano is a must.Ms Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creating happy,s
29、uccessful childrenat least in her case.Although shes had a large amount of flak for her theories,one thing cant be ignoredthe success of Chinese children in the education system.专题五 新题预测 In Britain,shocking research shows that Chinese girls,for example,are outperforming all other foreign groups at G
30、CSE 79 percent getting 5 AC Grades,compared with 58 percent of white British girls.So what is it about Chinese parenting thats leading to high achievers?And how do Amy Chuas theories play into that success?She told me that if her daughter came back from school with 96/100 in a test,Chua would ask he
31、r what happened to the other 4 points.Its about always knowing“you can do better”，she told me.专题五 新题预测 Interestingly,in China,the birthplace of the tiger mother,people are moving away from traditional Chinese parenting.They are following more western parenting styles.()1.After reading Amy Chuas rece
32、nt book,the public _.Afeel very sorry for their own children Bconsider her a very successful mother Crealize their methods of bringing up children are wrong Ddont think highly of her methods of bringing up her children 专题五 新题预测 ()2.What can we learn about Amy Chua according to Paragraph 2?AShe is ve
33、ry strict with her children.BShe doesnt think her children are clever.CShe is very interested in playing the piano.DShe knows playing is important to children.()3.Paragraph 4 shows that _.AChinese parents don think grades are very important BChinese children are cleverer than British children CChine
34、se parents are proud of their children DChinese children do well in their study 专题五 新题预测 ()4.The underlined word“flak”in the third paragraph probably means “_”Aattention Bcriticism Ccuriosity Dcontribution ()5.It can be inferred from the text that _.AAmy Chua will change her methods BAmy Chua consid
35、ers her methods useful CAmy Chuas children dont love their mother DAmy Chuas children prefer western parenting styles 专题五 新题预测 【解析】Amy Chua写了一本关于教育她的孩子的书，书里面的内容引起了轰动，因为她的教育方法太严厉了。1D 推理判断题。根据第一段可推断出大众对Amy Chua的教育方法评价不高。2A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知Amy Chua对她的孩子们很严厉。3D 细节理解题。根据第四段中Chinese girls，for example，are outperforming all other foreign groups at GCSE79 percent getting 5 AC Grades可知中国的孩子学习成绩比较好。专题五 新题预测 4B 词义猜测题。尽管她因为她的教育理论受到了很多批评，但是有一点不容忽视中国孩子在教育上的成功。5B 推理判断题。根据第三段中Ms Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creating happy，successful children可推断出Amy Chua认为她的教育方法很有用。
