1、Section Reading and Thinking.核心单词(英汉互译)1Confucius n _2mansion n._3philosophy n._4_ adj.单独的；个别的 n.个人5heel n._6_ n.王国；领域7_ adj.最重要的；最高级别的n.(公司或机构的)首领，酋长孔子公馆；宅第哲学individual 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟kingdom chief 8_ adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近9_ vi.应在(某处)；适应10currency n._11military adj._12conquer vt._13_ n.战役vt.&vi.搏斗nea
2、rby belong 通货；货币军事的；军用的占领；控制battle.拓展单词(根据词义写单词，并牢记拓展单词)1_ n谜，难题vt.使迷惑puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的2_ n防御；保卫defend v保护，保卫defensive adj.防御性的3_ adj.合法的illegal adj.违法的4_ vt.包围surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n环境5_ n证据evident adj.明显的6_ n成就achieve vt.完成；达到；取得7_ n位置locate v把设置在located adj.位于的8_ adj.迷
3、人的fascinate v深深吸引fascination n着迷，迷恋puzzle defence legal surround evidenceachievement location fascinating.重点短语1lead to _2as to _3_ 把和连接或联结起来4_ 脱离；背叛；逃脱5result in _6refer to.as._7_ 属于8_ 同(一样也)；和；还9take over _10date back to _11_ 留心；留意12add to _导致；通向关于 join.to.break away(from sb./sth.)导致把称为 belong toas
4、 well as接管追溯到keep your eyes open(for)增加；增添.重点句型1get to know 了解_ a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。2过去分词作后置定语They use the same flag,_ the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，被称为联合王国国旗。Getting
5、to knowknown as3be surprised to do.吃惊地If you keep your eyes open,you will _ that you can see both its past and its present.如果你留心一下，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。4the way定语从句They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way _.他们带来了起初的英语，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。be surprised to findpeople built hou
6、ses根据课文内容选择正确答案1When did Southern Ireland break away from the UK?AIn the 16th century.BIn the 18th century.CIn the 19th century.DIn the 20th century.D2What do the UKs four countries have in common?AThey share the same national day.BThey share the same military defence.CThey have a common legal syste
7、m.DThey have a common sports team to compete between countries.B3Which group of people was the first to set foot on the UK?AThe Normans.BThe Romans.CThe Vikings.DThe Anglo-Saxons.B4What happened to England in the 11th century according to the text?AThe Romans built towns and roads in England.BThe An
8、glo-Saxons brought in the English language.CThe Normans became the conqueror of England.DThe Vikings introduced many new words into England.C5What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?AThe attractions of the UK.BThe long and interesting history of the UK.CThe historic sites of the UK.DThe past
9、and present of the UK.A第一版块：核心单词诠译1puzzle n谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 (1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑be a puzzle to sb.对某人来说是个谜(2)puzzle about/over 苦苦思考(3)puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑不解的What puzzled me was how the accident could have happened.令我感到困惑的是怎么会发生这样的事故。Im in a puzzle as to how to get along with h
10、im.对于如何和他相处使我感到困惑。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)You must have been troubled by when to say“I love you”because it is one of the greatest _(puzzle)in our life.(2)Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle _ me.(3)These scientists have been puzzling _ how to solve the environmental problem.(4)The _ look on her face s
11、uggested she was _ over the _ maths problem.(puzzle)puzzles to about/over puzzled puzzled puzzling要点必记：说明：-ing形容词常说明事物的性质；-ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等。eg.puzzling problems令人迷茫的问题a puzzled look迷茫的表情2.defence n防御；保卫 (1)in defence(of.)为了保卫()(2)defend vt.保护；保卫；为辩护defend.from/against.防御；保卫以免受In defence of ou
12、r motherland,a large number of people lost their lives.为了保卫祖国，许多人失去了生命。He has employed one of the UKs top lawyers to defend him.他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)Some think that students should be trained _(defend)themselves against some attacks.(2)The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in _
13、(defend)of their country.(3)When a dog attacked me,I picked up a stick to defend _(I)to defend defence myself 联想拓展(1)与defend意思相近的单词还有：guard vt.保卫；守卫protect v保护；防护forefend v保护；挡开secure v保护；使安全preserve vt.保护(2)表示“保护免受”的表达还有：protect.from/against.secure.against.3.surround vt.围绕；包围 (1)surround.with.用包围be
14、 surrounded with/by.被包围/环绕(2)surrounding adj.周围的；附近的(3)surroundings n.环境；周边事物The professor likes to surround himself with his students.那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。The small village is surrounded with green mountains and clear rivers,attracting visitors from every corner.青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)_(surroun
15、d)by the forest,the village looks very beautiful.(2)Living in beautiful and comfortable _(surround),we feel very happy.(3)They all went out to look for the lost child in the _(surround)villages.链接写作 完成句子(4)In a word,you are welcome to our school and I hope you can _ soon.总之，欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。Surr
16、ounded surroundings surrounding get used to the new surroundingsSurrounded by his students,the old teacher was very satisfied with their achievements.He told the surrounding students to adapt to the new surroundings in the future.这位老教师被他的学生们包围着，他对他们取得的成就很满意。他告诫周围的学生们要适应未来的新环境。4.evidence n证据；证明(1)The
17、re is some evidence that.有证据证明(2)evident adj.明显的，明白的Its evident that.很明显Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.现代科学对于吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。It is evident that the man is highly thought of in the company.很显然，这个人在公司里受到高度评价。链接写作 完成句子_ outdoor activities are good for
18、 us.有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。Theres some evidence that图形助记：It is evident that the thief is stealing the girls wallet.很明显这个小偷正在偷这个女孩的钱包。5.achievement n成就；成绩 (1)make an achievement 取得成就a sense of achievement 成就感(2)achieve vt.完成；达到 vi.成功achieve ones goal 达到目标Even a small success can give you a sense of achie
19、vement.即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve his goal.他的懒惰使他不可能达到目标。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)The woman scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics for those great _(achieve)made by her.(2)Weve had a good start,but more work needs to be done _(achieve)the final success.achi
20、evementsto achieve语境助记：Ive achieved only half of what I hoped to do,so I cannot celebrate the achievements Ive made although everyone says I should feel a sense of achievement.我只完成了我希望做的一半，因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成绩，尽管每个人都说我应该有一种成就感。第二版块：重点短语句型解读1join.to.把和连接起来 (1)join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部join in 参加(比赛、活动等)(
21、2)connect.with.把和联系起来The island,joined to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go.岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里很方便。People all over the world usually connect China with silk and good food.世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起。即学即练 补全句子(1)It is said that more than two hundred students have _(参加讨论)(2)As far as I know,it is five ye
22、ars since he _(参军)joined in the discussionjoined the army联想拓展：表示“联结，联系”的词组还有：connect.with.link.to/with.associate.with.2.break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱 break down 损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮break into 破门而入break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生break up 结束；破裂However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke awayto
23、form its own government.然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。It took great courage to break away from his family at that time.在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。即学即练 用break的相关短语填空(1)If you go on working like that,you will _ sooner or later.(2)A fire _ in this hotel last night and three people were killed.(3)With so many pro
24、blems unsettled,a few countries wanted to _ the Union.(4)In my opinion,marriage based on money is likely to _.break downbroke outbreak away from break up易错提示：break in中in是副词，后面不加宾语；break into中into是介词，后能加宾语。3.belong to属于 (1)belong to 表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态(2)belongings n.财产；所有物No matter what happens,Tai
25、wan belongs to China.不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs tothe well-educated.威廉姆教授一直告诫他的学生们说未来是属于受过良好教育的人的。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)As is known to us,Taiwan is a province _(belong)to China.(2)My friend will help you move your _(belong)to your new house.链接写作 高考
26、小作文(3)剪纸有 1 500 多年的历史，属于中国传统的艺术。Paper-cutting has a history of over 1,500 years,_ traditional art in China.belonging belongings which belongs to易错提示：belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态，作后置定语时，形式为“belonging to”。China is a country belonging to the third world.中国是一个属于第三世界的国家。4.(教材原文P40)They use the
27、 same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。句型公式：as well as“既又”，连接并列成分 (1)known as the Union Jack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词flag。(2)as well as既又，可连接两个平行结构。动词形式与as well as之前的主语一致。(3)as well as连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。Yang Liwei,known as the fir
28、st Chinese astronaut to go to space,is regarded as a national hero.杨利伟，作为中国第一个进入太空的宇航员，被视为民族英雄。My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。即学即练 单句语法填空(1)Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on our life as _ as society.(2)Amy,as well as her brothers,_(giv
29、e)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.well was given要点必记：A as well as/together with/along with B谓语动词其他，谓语动词的单复数由A决定。联想拓展：not only A but also B不但A 而且B强调BA as well as B不但B 而且A强调A 5.(教材原文P40)They introduced the beginnings of the English language and changed the way people built house
30、s.他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。句中定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the way，其前省略了关系词that/in which。句型公式：the way后省略that/in which的定语从句 (1)the way作先行词，如果关系词that(视为副词)或in which在定语从句中作状语，引导词that/in which可以省略。(2)the way作先行词，如果关系词that/which在定语从句中作主语，引导词that/which不能省略。(3)the way作先行词，如果关系词that/which在定语从句中作宾语，引导词that/whic
31、h可以省略。The students didnt understand the way(that/in which)the maths teacher solved the problem.学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。Id like to settle the problem in a way which/that is peaceful.我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。链接写作 一句多译我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。(1)I dont like _ you.(2)I dont like _ you.(which 引导的定语从句)(3)I dont like _ you.(that 引导的
32、定语从句)the way she speaks tothe way in which she speaks tothe way that she speaks to要点必记：the way后的定语从句主要判断从句是否缺主语或宾语。缺的时候，引导词为that/which；不缺主语或宾语，引导词用that/in which或可省略。WHATS IN A NAME?【1】The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,England many people are confused by what these different names mean.So what
33、 is the difference between them,if any【2】？Getting to know a little bit about British history【3】will help you solve this puzzle.【1】标题赏析“WHATS IN A NAME？”用疑问句点出文章的关键信息NAME。以此作为课文标题的好处：一是反映文章的主要内容名字；二是设置悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣。【2】if any是一个省略句，补充完整为if there is any difference。【3】Getting to know a little bit about B
34、ritish history为v.-ing短语，在句中作主语，其谓语常用单数形式。In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later,in the 18th century,the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain【4】.In the 19th century,the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United
35、Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today【5】：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people just use the shortened name：“the United Kingdom”or“the UK”.People
36、 from the UK are called“British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.【4】不定式短语to create the Kingdom of Great Britain在句中作结果状语。下一句中的to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland也是作结果状语。【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句且在从句中作主语；在该从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/whic
37、h的定语从句we have today，其先行词为the full name。The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack【6】，as well as share the same currency and military defence.However,they also have some differences.For example,England,Wales,Scotland
38、,and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They also have their own traditions,like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!【6】过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰flag。The United Ki
39、ngdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost everywhere you go in the UK【7】，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.The first g
40、roup,the Romans,came in the first century.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.Next,the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language,and changed the way people built houses【8】.The Vikings came in the eighth century,lef
41、t behind lots of new vocabulary,and also the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the Normans.【9】They conquered 21 England after the well-known Battle22 of Hastings in the 11th century.They had castles built【10】all around England,and made changes to23 the legal system.The Norman
42、s were French,so many French words slowly entered into the English language.【7】此处是everywhere引导的地点状语从句，everywhere表示“到处，处处”。【8】people built houses为省略了关系副词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。【9】group是集体名词，此处表示组成集体的分散个体，故谓语动词用复数形式；若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。【10】此处是“have sth.done”结构，表示“使被”。There is so much more to learn about
43、the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable【11】.The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port24 city that has a history dating all the way back to25 Roman times【12】.There are count
44、less historic sites to explore,and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.The UK is a fascinating26 mix of history and modern culture,with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open27，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.【11】此处是“m
45、ake宾语宾补”结构，形容词短语much more enjoyable作宾补。【12】此处是as引导的原因状语从句，其中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词city；现在分词短语dating all the way back to Roman times作后置定语，修饰a history。词语积累puzzle/pzl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzling/pzl/adj.令人困惑的，令人费解的puzzled/pzld/adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的nearby/nba/adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近join.to.把和连接/联结起来break away fro
46、m从脱离/逃脱result in造成，导致shorten/tn/vt.&vi.(使)缩短，变短此处shorten与name之间是逻辑动宾关系，故用过去分词shortened作前置定语修饰name。refer to.as.把称为belong/bl/vi.应在(某处)；适应belong to属于area n领域，范围；方面as well as也；和；还currency/krnsi/n.通货；货币思考你知道我国和其他国家的货币单位的英文表达和货币符号吗？military/mltri/adj.军事的；军用的defence/dfens/n.防御；保卫defend/dfend/vt.&vi.(为)辩护；保
47、卫，保护legal/lil/adj.法律的；合法的反义illegal adj.非法的，违法的surround/srand/vt.围绕；包围evidence/evidns/n.证据；证明take over控制，接管(政党、国家等)achievement/tivmnt/n.成就；成绩；达到achieve v实现；获得成功leave behind留下；落后思考你还知道哪些leave构成的短语呢？location/lken/n.地方；地点；位置21conquer/kk(r)/vt.占领；征服；控制conqueror/kkr(r)/n.征服者22battle/btl/n.战役；搏斗 vt.&vi.搏斗；
48、奋斗23make changes to.对作出改变24port/pt/n.港口(城市)25date back to(date from)追溯到26fascinating/fsnet/adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的fascinate v深深吸引，迷住fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的27keep ones eyes open(for)留心；留意文化采风1the Union Jack英国国旗英国国旗的正式名称是the Union Flag,也常常称为“the Union Jack”。Jack是海军用语，指悬挂在舰首的旗帜，英国军舰舰首都悬挂国旗，因而得名。2Battle of Hast
49、ings黑斯廷斯战役是1066年10月14日，英格兰国王哈罗德葛温森的盎格鲁撒克逊军队和诺曼底公爵威廉一世的军队在黑斯廷斯地域进行的一场交战，威廉取得决定性胜利并入主伦敦。黑斯廷斯战役是历史上最后一次对英国成功的军事入侵，自此再也没有人能成功征服英国。黑斯廷斯战役，在英国历史上是一次重要战役，英国从此完成了统一国家的历史使命。名字有什么意义？联合王国，大不列颠，不列颠，英格兰许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。如果确有不同含义的话，那它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解开这个疑惑。16世纪，邻国威尔士加入英格兰王国。随后，18世纪，苏格兰并入，从而创建了大不列颠王国。19世纪，
50、爱尔兰王国加入，形成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，最终形成了我们现在的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用其简称：“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“British(英国人)”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。属于英国的这四个国家在某些领域携手并进。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们也有不同之处。比如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰以及北爱尔兰都有着不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也拥有自己的传统，像自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯这样的(国际)赛事！英国有着悠久而有趣的历史可供探索，这些
51、历史可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。在英国，几乎无论你走到何处，你都会被来自四个不同群体的人留下的痕迹所包围，他们在不同的历史时期统治着英国。第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪来到这里。他们的伟大功绩包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，是公元五世纪来到这里的盎格鲁撒克逊人。他们带来了英语的开端，还改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人出现在八世纪，留下了许多新的词汇，也给英国许多地方赋予了名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英国。他们在英格兰各地建造了许多城堡，对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地传入了英语。有关英国有趣的历史和文化，需要学习的还有很多。
52、研究这个国家的历史会让你的旅行更加愉悦。首都伦敦是一个很不错的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，可追溯到罗马时代。这里有着无数的历史遗迹可以探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个古老历史和现代文化交融的迷人国度，新旧传统兼而有之。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现自己可以看到它的过去和现在。.单词拼写1He stayed in the village for three months,then moved to a _(附近的)city.2Its an organization that offers free _(法律的)advice to people on low in
53、comes.3Thanks to his research,the UN has more tools in the _(战斗)against ridding(使摆脱)the world of hunger.4_(证据)has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.5He is an excellent lawyer with the determination to make _(成就)nearby le
54、gal battle Evidence achievements6The education department focuses on the entire education system,instead of _(个别的)schools.7In some countries all the young men must do a years _(军事的)service.8Mr.Smith,Toms father,works as a _(最高级别的)engineer in a big company.9She stepped back appearing surprised and pu
55、t up her hands,as if in _(防卫)of herself.10Located in the middle of the Indian Ocean,Maldives has _(迷人的)beaches.individual military chief defence fascinating.完成句子1_ is the same as killing him for his property.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。2These books _ Lu Xun are popular with many Chinese people.鲁迅写的这些书受到了许多中国人的喜爱
56、。3He returns home late every evening,_.他每天晚上都晚回家，这使他的妻子很生气。4The medical science is only beginning to understand the ways _ the mind influences the body.对于大脑影响身体的方式，医学科学只是开始有所了解。5She _ that there were only two passers-by in the lane.她惊奇地发现在小路上只有两个行人。Wasting other persons timewritten by making his wif
57、e very angryin whichwas surprised to find.课文语法填空The United Kingdom or the UK 1._(make)up of four countries.They are England,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland.It has 2._ interesting and long history.Everywhere you go in the country,you will be surrounded 3._ evidence of four different groups of peo
58、ple who took over at different times throughout history.The Romans,4._ achievements included building towns and roads,came first in the first century.Then in the fifth century arrived Anglo-Saxons who introduced the beginnings of English language and changed the way people built houses.The Vikings c
59、ame in the eighth century.They left behind lots of new vocabulary and also the names of many 5._(location)across the UK.The last group,the Normans,6._(conquer)England in the 11th century.They had castles 7._(build)all around there.The Normans were in fact French,so many French words 8._(slow)entered into the English language.The UK is a 9._(fascinate)mix of history and modern culture.If you keep your eyes open,you will be surprised 10._(find)that you can see both its past and present.is madean by whose locations conqueredbuilt slowly fascinating to find
