1、专题检测卷(十六) 阅读理解(建议用时: 25分钟)A体裁议论文话题性格和行为的成因词数369(2013潍坊模拟)People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Its not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of co
2、urse, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very differe
3、nt from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture. Those who support the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological
4、 and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our
5、instincts(本能). Proponents of the“nurture”theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surrou
6、ndings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli(something that helps sb. /sth. to develop better and more quickly)as the basis of their behavior. The social and political connections of these two theories are sign
7、ificant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some“nature”proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are
8、 often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies s
9、omewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain. 1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem. A. why our personalities and behaviors differB. what makes different stages of intelligenceC. how social scientists form different theoriesD.
10、what causes the“nature/nurture”argument2. The underlined word“proponents”can best be replaced by. A. approachesB. advocatesC. principlesD. characters3. Which of the following statements may be supported by the“nature”school? A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors. B. Environment has
11、 nothing to do with our personalities. C. Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors. D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts. 4. What can we learn about the behaviorists? A. They believe human beings are mechanical. B. They compare our behaviors to the machines. C. They sug
12、gest that we react to the environment as the machines do. D. They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well. 5. The“nature”theorists believe that the blacks low scores. A. are the result of the educational disadvantagesB. are a display of the blacks poor intelligenceC. have noth
13、ing to do with their true intelligenceD. have nothing to do with factors other than heredityB体裁议论文话题教育孩子词数291When a child is told he is“uncool”, it can be very painful. He may say he doesnt care, and even act in ways that are opposite of cool on purpose. But these are simply ways to handle sadness b
14、y pretending its not there. Helping a child feel better in school had to be careful. If you say, “Why are you worried about what other children think about you? It doesnt matter! ”Children know that it does matter. Instead, an active way may be best. You could say, “Im going to do a couple of things
15、 for you to help you feel better in school. ”If a boy is having trouble making friends, the teacher can help him. The teacher can arrange things so that he has chances to use his abilities to contribute to class projects. This is how the other children learn how to value his good qualities and to li
16、ke him. A teacher can also raise a childs popularity in the group by showing that he values that child. It even helps to put him in a seat next to a very popular child, or let him be a partner with that child in activities, etc. There are things that parents can do at home, too. Be friendly when you
17、r child brings others home to play. Encourage him to invite friends to meals and then serve the dishes they consider. When you plan trips, picnics, movies, and other shows, invite another child with whom your child wants to be friends. What you can do is give him a chance to join a group that may be
18、 shutting him out. Then, if he has good qualities, he can start to build a real friendship of his own. 6. A child who has been informed of being“uncool”may. A. care nothing about itB. do something uncool on purposeC. develop a sense of angerD. pretend to get hurt very much7. A teacher can help an un
19、popular child by. A. seeing the child as the teachers favoriteB. asking the child to do something for partnersC. forcing other children to make friends with the childD. offering the child chances to show his good qualities8. How can parents help their child fit in better? A. By cooking delicious foo
20、d for him. B. By being kind to his schoolmates. C. By forcing him to invite friends home. D. By taking him to have picnics in the park. 9. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Children dont care others comments on them. B. Its only teachers work to make children popular. C. Parents should take their c
21、hildren out for picnics and shows more often. D. Inviting childrens friends to family activities is good for them to make friends. 10. The text is mainly about. A. how an unpopular child can be helpedB. why some children are unpopularC. what good qualities unpopular children haveD. who care about un
22、popular childrenC体裁应用文话题职场“分手”礼仪词数360(2013东莞模拟)How Many Ways Can You Say Goodbye to a Job?As talk of a thaw in hiring freezes rises above a whisper, many people are already planning to look for a new position when the job market picks up. But the way you quit can have a long term impact on your care
23、er. How to resign on good terms: Be prepared. Review your employee handbook or employment contract before announcing your decision, so you know what company policy is regarding resignations, severance, the return of company property and pay for unused vacation time. If you have another job lined up,
24、 be sure to have your offer in writing before you resign. Use it or lose it. If you havent used vacation time and will lose it if you quit, you might want to use your time before leaving or link it to your resignation date. But if you dont want to burn any bridges, dont take vacation and announce yo
25、ur departure just after you return. Make an appointment. Be formal and make an appointment with your boss. Prepare what you want to say. Be direct and be transparent. After the discussion, put your resignation in a hardcopy letter that includes your last day and any transitional help youve offered.
26、Keep a copy. Two weeks advance notice is still standard but experts recommend offering more time if youve worked at the company for more than five years. You also need to be prepared to leave right away some companies require it. Scrub your digital footprint. Clear your browser cache, remove passwor
27、ds to Web sites you use from work, such as your personal email or online bank account and delete any personal files on your work computer that arent relevant to work. Dont delete anything work related if youre required to keep it. Stay close. Consider joining an employee alumni association, which of
28、ten serves as a networking group for former employees. It can be a good way to keep up with changes in the company and industry and find leads to new jobs down the road. Keep in touch with coworkers you worked closely with; they may end up in management roles. 11. Whats the main idea of the passage?
29、 A. How to hunt for a job. B. Some tips on how to resign on good terms. C. Some ways of making an appointment with your boss. D. How to keep in touch with your colleagues. 12. What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean? A. You dont want to continue to work here. B. You dont want to be fin
30、ed. C. You want to take a vacation. D. You want to leave room for necessity. 13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. You can resign without hesitation if you dont like your job. B. You should ignore your boss when presenting your resignation. C. Youd better keep in touch with
31、 your coworkers after resignation. D. You must delete anything in the computer you once used when you resign. 14. You should notice the companyin advance if you have worked in the company for more than five years. A. more than two weeksB. less than two weeksC. only two weeksD. only one moment15. How
32、 many ways of resigning are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 【拓展训练】阅读C篇, 写出文中出现的以下短语。1. 对有长期的影响_2. 和约定_3. 网上银行账户_4. 跟上; 赶上_5. 与保持联系_答案解析A【文章大意】本文主要讲了性格和行为的成因。1.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要讨论的问题, 第二段开始从两个方面解释该问题, 末段是总结段, 由此看来, 首段首句和末段首句提到的人类行为是本文的中心内容, 因此答案为A。2.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文
33、章内容, 我们可以判断proponent应指人, 指这两种理论的支持者, 只有advocates“拥护者”符合这种推测, 故选B。3.【解析】选A。细节理解题。第三段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的governed by our instincts都表明“天性论”派会认同A项的看法, 故选A。4.【解析】选C。细节理解题。本题实际上考查对第四段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的like machines, humans respond. . . 表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器, 而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的
34、反应做对比, 由此可见, C为正确的理解。5.【解析】选D。细节理解题。将D选项与第三段结合起来, 可以确定D为本题答案, 只有D项才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。B【文章大意】本文主要介绍了父母和老师怎样帮助一个不酷的孩子交到朋友。6.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知, 当一个孩子被告知他不酷的时候, 他可能会说他不在乎甚至会故意做出不酷的行为来。7.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句The teacher can arrange things so that he has chances to use his abilities to contribute
35、to class projects. 老师可以安排一些事情, 这样他有机会运用他的能力为班级做贡献。8.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句Be friendly when your child brings others home to play. 当孩子带其他同学回家玩的时候, 父母一定要友好。9.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知家长邀请孩子的好友来聚会有助于孩子交友。10.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了父母和老师怎样帮助一个不酷的孩子交到朋友。C【文章大意】本文主要讲了5种职场“分手”礼仪。11.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段最后一句How to res
36、ign on good terms: 是文章的中心句, 故B项为最佳答案。12.【解析】选D。句意猜测题。画线句子意思是: 如果你想给自己留条后路, 故选D。13.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知你最好在辞职后和以前的同事保持联系, 故C项表述是正确的。根据Be prepared. 部分内容可知A项不正确; 根据Make an appointment. 部分的内容可知B项表述错误; 根据Scrub your digital footprint. 部分内容可知D项表述也不正确。14.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Make an appointment. 部分内容Two weeks ad
37、vance notice is still standard but experts recommend offering more time if youve worked at the company for more than five years. 可知本题选A。15.【解析】选C。细节理解题。纵观全文文章提到了5种职场“分手”礼仪, 即: Be prepared, Use it or lose it, Make an appointment, Scrub your digital footprint, Stay close。【拓展训练】1.have a long term impact on2. make an appointment with3. online bank account4. keep up with5. keep in touch with
