1、Unit 4Global warming阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解AWant to help fight global warming? Take off your tie, says the Italian health ministry.It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.“Taking your tie off immediately lowers
2、the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade，” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the o
3、ne that has brought Africalike temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.The move echoes (回应) a similar action from Italys biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.The tie makers, however, were left hot_under_the_collar.“Italy confirms that
4、 it is a strange country，” Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily Il Sole 24 ORE under the headline: “I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming.”“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and cooling our homes at leisure. On one condit
5、ion: we should not wear a tie while we do so，” he wrote.“I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”Italy is one of the European Unions worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed (超出) their greenhouse gas emission (排放) targe
6、ts.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。解掉领带可以让体温下降2或3度，所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上班，以抵制全球气候变暖；但是，这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对。1Whats the purpose of the move of taking off ties?ATo dress casually.BTo fight global warming.CTo keep the body temperature.DTo improve working conditions.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Want to help fight global warming? Take off y
7、our tie”可知，解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖，故B项正确。2Who first encouraged employees to take off ties?AENI.BFlavio Cima.CA financial daily.DThe Italian health ministry.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.”可知，ENI公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带，故A项正确。3What does the underlined pa
8、rt “hot under the collar” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?AAngry.BSpeechless.CDelighted. DPuzzled.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第四段和第五段可知，包括ENI在内的许多公司，都鼓励员工不戴领带上班；根据常识可以判断，此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销；结合第七段的“Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可以判断，画线部分意为“愤怒的”，故A项正确。4Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima?AHe stands by
9、the oil group.BHe agrees with the ministry.CHe admits his responsibility.DHe argues against taking off ties.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第六、七段可知，对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班一事，作为领带制造商的Flavio Cima非常生气；据此可以判断，他对不戴领带上班的观点有异议，故D项正确。BThe Spotlight in RioPhelps puts spotlight on cupping (拔火罐)Olympic gold medalist Michael Phelps led Amer
10、ican swimmers to a gold medal in the 4100meter relay, but what grabbed media attention and led to stories and photos around the globe were the purple and red circles on his back.Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cupping marks on his shoulder as he competes during the 2016 Rio Olympics mens
11、200m butterfly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug 8, 2016.Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui goes viralChinas womens swimmer Fu Yuanhui has created a sensation online not just by winning the bronze medal in the 100m backstroke competition, but also by her facial expressions during the post semifinal interview w
12、ith China Central Television (CCTV) on Monday.When asked whether she held back for the final, Fu replied, “No, I utilized my prehistorical power” What she meant was that she had spared no efforts in the semifinal. Since then, the socalled “prehistorical power” has gone viral and become a new Interne
13、t meme.Britain wins first Olympic diving gold in mens synchronized 3m springboard (男子双人3米跳板)Britains Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended Chinas gold medal monopoly (垄断) over diving events at the Rio Olympics by winning the mens synchronized 3m springboard final on Wednesday, the countrys firstever Ol
14、ympic gold medal in diving.Laugher and Mears finished with a sixround total of 454.32 points, just 4.11 points ahead of silver medallists Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA at the Maria Lenk Aquatics Center. Chinas Cao Yuan and Qin Kai took the bronze with 443.70 points.5What attracted media atten
15、tion with Phelps winning the gold medal?AHis great leadership.BHis scars on his back.CThe cupping marks on his back.DHis achievements he made in the mens 200m butterfly.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一则新闻中的“what grabbed media attention .and red circles on his back”以及“Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cuppin
16、g marks on his shoulder”可知随着菲尔普斯获得金牌，他后背上的拔火罐的印迹成为媒体关注的重点。故选C。6Which of the following is NOT the reason why Fu Yuanhui became the spotlight?AHer devotion and determination to swimming.BHer achievement in the 100m backstroke competition.CHer facial expression during the postsemifinal interview.DHer h
17、umourous reply to the reporter so called “prehistorical power”解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二则新闻可知让傅园慧成为焦点的不仅是她的成绩，更是她在赛后接受采访时的面部表情和她的“我已经用了洪荒之力了”的幽默回答。故选A。7What can we learn from the third news?AChina didnt win any gold medals in diving events at the Rio Olympics.BBritain became the gold medal monopolist of diving
18、 events at the Rio Olympics.CMike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA took silver with 447.81 points.DBritain had never won the Olympic diving gold medal before the Rio Olympics.解析：选D判断推理题。根据第三则新闻中的“Britains Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended Chinas gold medal monopoly (垄断) . Olympic gold medal in divin
19、g.”可知英国的跳水员Jack Laugher和Chris Mears获得了男子双人3米跳板的金牌，这是英国有史以来第一次获得奥运会跳水项目的金牌。故选D。CPeople need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed. As of 2015, there are more than seven billion people on Earth, according to the United Nations. And by 2100 that number may double. Feeding a
20、ll of these people means not only improving the way foods are grown, but also finding new sources of nutrition.And that_quest is becoming ever more urgent. If nothing changes, within 35 years, the worlds appetite will be greater than the amount of foods produced. Thats according to a report released
21、 in 2014. It was prepared by the Global Harvest Initiative, a private agriculture group based in Washington,DC.Global warming, too, is changing food production. Scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheat, corn and soybeans. Lowincome developing c
22、ountries will be hit the hardest. When harvests fall, crops become more expensive. And since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs, meat prices, too, will rise.All over the world, researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchan
23、ging world. And some surprising ideas have begun to come up. Two years ago, scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab. The project cost more than $300,000, but its a start. Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought. Still others
24、are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so they produce more meat and can stand the heat.A gloomy (悲观的) forecast for the planet isnt the only reason to study foods for the future. Its a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animals
25、even insects. These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。8What do the underlined words “that quest” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe research on foods.BThe increase of population.CThe variety of nutrition.D
26、The change of appetite.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句及下文的食物研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。9How does global warming affect lowincome developing countries?aIncrease meat prices.bRaise the temperature.cReduce the growth of crops.dLead to the high cost of life.eCause a higher price for crops.AbacdeBcabdeCdecab Dbcead解析：选D事件排序题。
27、根据第三段的整体内容可知，全球变暖首先是导致气温上升，然后是农作物减产，从而农作物价格上涨，进而肉类涨价，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。10What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?ANew ways of farming.BSome great researchers.CProgress in food research.DAchievements in lab experiments.解析：选C段落大意题。根据第四段第二句“And some surprising ideas have begun to come up.”并结合本段的整段内容可推知，
28、本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。11What will be discussed in the following paragraph?AExamples of successful food researchers.BDifferent opinions about the future food.CMethods of dealing with global warming.DPossibilities of feeding the present population.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“These researchers have used their ta
29、lents in ways that even they never would have predicted.”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。D(2017长春一模)Chinas online dealers (零售商)are busy preparing for what has become the countrys annual online shopping festival on November 11th.November 11 is a date made up of four ones, and “double eleven” has alwa
30、ys been considered a special day for single men and women in China. Five years ago the Internet retailer Alibaba began promoting it as a shopping festival, and it has now turned to be the countrys busiest day for online retailers and millions of shopping lovers.JD.com is trying to attract more retai
31、lers by offering them free delivery service for a month. Alibaba itself has invited some 30,000 offline stores to participate in the online shopping party. More than 20,000 vendors on Alibabas sites Tmall and Taobao are promising 50 percent discounts on the day. Shanghaibased Y, also called Yihaodia
32、n, a Chinese ecommerce company that is majorityowned by WalMart Stores, is setting up a special sale of imported foods.Last year Alibaba earned 19.1 billion yuan in sales during the double eleven promotions. And a 100 billion yuan logistics (物流) network was set up by Alibaba this May that aims to ma
33、ke 24hour deliveries possible. The major logistics player Shentong shipped more than 8 million items during “double eleven.” Shentong has more than 150,000 staff, and expects things to be even busier this year. Yang Jinghai, Director Of Human Resources of Shentong Express, says, “We have hired 30 pe
34、rcent more staff for double eleven, and we have couriers (快递员) bonuses ready.”On double eleven Chinas ecommerce sites receive more visits than the entire population of Brazil. It is believed that China will replace the US as the worlds top ecommerce market this year.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国各大购物网站为迎接“双十一”
35、所做的各项准备。12What can we infer from the second paragraph?A“Double eleven” is an official festival in China.BMost people will go shopping online on “double eleven”C“Double eleven” is no longer a special day for singles in China.DOnline retailers will make a lot of preparations before “double eleven”解析：选
36、D推理判断题。根据第二段的“a shopping festival”及“the countrys busiest day”，可知选D。13What kind of situation are you most likely to meet if you buy things online on “double eleven”？AYou will get a 50% discount.BYou will find more goods online.CYou are not able to buy imported goods.DYou can get free delivery service
37、 for a month.解析：选B推理判断题。由第三段“Tmall and Taobao are .day.”，得出A错，由第三段“Yihaodian, a Chinese ecommerce . imported foods.”，得出C错，由第三段“JD.com is trying .a month.”，得出D错，可知选B。14What does the underlined word in the third paragraph probably mean?ASomeone who sells things.BSomeone who buys things.CSomeone who de
38、livers things.DSomeone who collects things.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第三段“More than 20,000 vendors .on the day.”，推断出该词表示卖家，可知选A。15Whats the authors attitude towards the online shopping festival on November 11th?ASupportive.BCritical.CObjective DDoubtful.解析：选C写作意图题。文中并未提及作者个人的观点，可知选C。.阅读七选五A new report says plasti
39、cs are responsible for D|S13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. _1_Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. _2_ After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic neve
40、r goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants._3_ That means harmful materials may get into our food supply._4_ Human beings cause pollution an
41、d they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer singleuse product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also work where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times
42、 if we wish to, rather than end them after the first use. We could, when we get rid of plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. _5_ And it calls for information about the way plastic is throw
43、n out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. And all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.AThen, fish may eat the plastic.BIt asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use.CThe plastic eventually reac
44、hes coastal areas and ocean waters.DThe report tells about the harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.EPlastics should be gathered together and reused.FBut people can make a big difference.GIt is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.语篇解读：一份新的报告指出：被丢弃的塑料汇聚到海洋，不仅严重
45、污染了海洋环境，而且最终会通过鱼等海洋生物进入人体，危害人类健康。同时，该报告也指出了个人以及企业应该如何做来改善这种状况。1选D根据语境可判断出，D项承接上文“A new report says .”，讲述的也是该报告的内容，故选D。2选C根据上下文语境以及常识可知，被丢弃在河里和其他航道的塑料最终会流入沿海地区和大洋水域，故选C。3选A空后说那意味着有害物质可能会进入我们的食物，而塑料最终是流入海洋的，因此，应该是鱼吃了塑料，然后我们吃鱼，故选A。4选F本段谈的是人类应该如何做才能减少塑料对海洋的污染，故F项“But people can make a big difference.”符合语境，总领该段。5选B空前讲的是报告要求企业改进塑料的使用方式，空后说它也需要塑料是如何被丢弃或停止使用的信息。空前后讲的都是与企业该如何做相关的内容，故B项“该报告呼吁企业要更好地权衡并且管理塑料的使用”衔接上下文。
