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初高中英语衔接专题十二:短语动词和句型的考点集汇讲解和训练.doc

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1、专题十二:短语动词和句型的考点集汇,讲解和训练1. 短语动词的分类(1)动词介词常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Dont laugh at others.Tom asked his parents for a bike.(2)动词副词常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:Youll hand i

2、n your homework tomorrow.Please dont forget to hand it in.(3)动词副词介词常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Go on and Ill catch up with you in five minutes.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(4)动词名词介词常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的

3、宾语只能放在介词后边。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.(5)动词形容词常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.(6)动词名词常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:Thi

4、s story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.2. 短语动词的辨析(1)be made in(在生产或制造),be made of(由组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落),come along(来;随同),come to oneself(苏醒),come true(实现),come out(花开;发芽;出现;出来),come over(过来;顺便来访),come in(进来),come on(来吧;跟着来;赶快), come up with(找到;提出)(3)do ones best(尽

5、最大努力), do well in(在干得好), do ones homework(做作业),do some reading(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在.后面),fall off(从掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)(5)get down(下来;落下),get on(上车),get to(到达),get up(起床),get back(回来;取回),get off(下来),get on well with(与相处融洽),get married(结婚),get together(相聚)(6)give up(放弃),givea hand(给与帮助

6、),give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去),go on(继续),go home(回家),go to bed(睡觉),go over(过一遍;仔细检查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走错路),go on doing(继续做某事),go shopping(买东西),go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿着一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚

7、餐), have a rest(休息), have sports(进行体育活动), have a cold(感冒), have a cough(咳嗽), have a good time(过得愉快), have a headache(头痛),have a try(尝试;努力)(9)look for(寻找),look out(留神; 注意),look over(仔细检查),look up(向上看;抬头看),look after(照顾; 照看),look at(看; 观看),look like(看起来像),look the same(看起来像),(10)make friends(交朋友),make

8、 phone calls(打电话),make money(赚钱),make the bed(整理床铺),make a noise(吵闹),make a face(做鬼脸),make ones way to(往走去),make room for(给腾出地方),make a decision(做出决定),make a mistake(犯错误),make up ones mind(下决心)(11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),put up(挂起;举起),put down(把某物放来),put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)(12)take off(脱掉衣服),take pho

9、tos(照相),take time(花费时间),take out(出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(积极参加),take care of(照顾;照料;注意),take exercise(做运动),take ones place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务),take turn(轮流)(13)talk about(谈话;交谈),talk with(和交谈)(14)turn on(打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn off(关上电灯,收机,煤气,自来水等),turn down(关小;调低),turnover(把.翻过来)(15)thin

10、k of(认为;想起),think about(考虑)3.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型。 (1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如:My mother is a doctor.Her voice sounds nice.(2)主语+不及物动词。例如:He runs fast.We study hard.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:Children often sing this song.He studies English.1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, pract

11、ise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如:She enjoys reading novels and swimming.I finished reading the book last night.2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有:wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如:Where do wish to sit?Tom agreed to lend some money.3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember, forget等。例如:Please re

12、member to post the letter for me.请记住替我发了这封信。I remember posting the letter.我记得那封信寄过了。 Stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语。试比较下列句子:He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如:I like to swim in summe

13、r.I like swimming in summer.(4)主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:My father bought me a new bike.He gave me an apple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前需加介词。例如:Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.Show me your new book, please. =Please sh

14、ow your new book to me. 2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如:Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?Toms mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Toms mother bought a pair

15、of new shoes for him.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:We keep our classroom clean and tidy.I hear someone singing in the next room.1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:We call him Jack.Dont get your hands dirty. 2)在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动

16、作的一部分。例如:I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。)When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.(我回来时,听见他正在房间里唱歌。)3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语种,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。例如:I saw him go into the room.He was seen to go into the room.【演练】1. Would you ple

17、ase drive faster? My flight is _. A. taking off B. getting off C. turning off D. putting off2. On October 15, 2003 China _ its first man-made spaceship, which made Yang Liwei a hero to many kids. A. set out B. Set off C. sent up D. sent out3. -How is the play going? -We are going to _ the day after

18、tomorrow. A. put on it B. put it off C. put it on D. put it off4. Mr Green is busy _ the newspaper while his wife is busy _ the housework. A. reading; with B. toread; with C. to read; doing D. with; to do5. We have to _ our things if we travel on a train or a bus. A. look at B. look up C.look like D

19、. look after6. -If you _ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible. - Sure, I will. A. keep up with B. catch up with C. feed up with D. come up with7. -Zhou Jielun is so cool. Im his fan. -_. A. So do I B. So I do C. So am I D. So I am8. -Your new sweater looks beautiful. Is it _ pure wool? -Ye

20、s, and its _ Inner Mongolia. A. made by; made for B. made of; made by C. made of; made in D. Made by; made from9. Please _ the box carefully. It is filled with glasses A. put down B. put on C. put off D. put together10. -_! Theres a car coming! -Oh. Thanks. A. Look over B. Look up C. Look on D. Look

21、 out11. -Look! The bus is coming. -But its full of people. We cant _ .A.get off B. get down C. get on with D. get on12. -Excuse me. Wheres the Science Museum? -Take No.3 bus and _ at the fourth stop.A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to13. Its very cold today. Youd better put _ your coat when you

22、 go out.A. away B. down C. on D. up14. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another. She didnt want them to _ in the parkA. get wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get ready15. The flowers start to _ in spring.A. come in B. come out C. come from D. come to16. Lucy, could you please help me _ the

23、 map on the blackboard?A. put into B. put up C. put out D. put on17. “Get a ladder, please. I cant _ .” Jim said in a tall tree.A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over18. I have _ my parents, and now Im answering it.A. heard of B. heard from C. heard D. heard about19. I cant see the words clearly. Can I _ the light?A. turn on B. put off C. hold on D. take off20. As soon as the man walked into the warm room, he _ his heavy coat and sat down.A. took away B. took down C. took off D. took up【练习答案】1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6. D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.D1 2.B 13.C14.C 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.C

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