1、必备知识梳理1复合名词的主要构成方式名词名词blood test 验血；halfmoon 半月(形)；silkworm 蚕；classroom 教室；airport 飞机场形容词名词doubledealer两面派；shorthand速记；greenhouse温室v.ing名词reading room阅览室；meeting room会议室；swimmingpool游泳池动词名词breakwater防波堤；pickpocket扒手名词v.inghandwriting笔迹；sunbathing日光浴动词副词gettogether联欢会；breakthrough突破副词动词downfall垮台；out
2、break爆发2.复合形容词的主要构成方式形容词名词edcoldblooded冷血的；kindhearted心肠好的形容词名词highclass高级的形容词v.inggoodlooking好看的；easygoing随和的；finesounding动听的形容词过去分词newborn新生的；readymade现成的形容词形容词darkblue深蓝色的；lightgreen浅绿色名词v.inglifesaving救生的；oceangoing远洋的名词过去分词handmade手工制作的；icecovered冰雪覆盖的名词形容词nationwide全国性的；icecold冰冷的数词名词edoneeyed
3、独眼的；twofaced双面的数词名词形容词fiveyearold五周岁的；twometretall两米高的3.复合动词的主要构成方式名词动词sleepwalk梦游副词动词overcome克 服；undergo经 历；overthrow推翻；understand明白形容词动词whitewash粉刷；blacklist列入黑名单4复合代词的主要构成方式代词宾格或物主代词self(selves)ourselves我们自己；herself她自己；themselves他们自己某 些 不 定 代 词some(any,no，every)body(one,thing)everyone;everybody;e
4、verything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something二、转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。现就常见的转化法分类列举并归纳如下：名词转化为动词face脸face面对hand手hand传递nurse护士nurse护理形容词转化为动词dirty脏的dirty弄脏narrow窄的narrow变窄clean干净的clean打扫动词转化为名词find发现find发现物divide划分divide分界处waste浪费waste废物形容词转化为名词daily每日的daily
5、日报weekly每周的weekly周刊形容词转化为副词deep深的deep深深地sure确信的sure的确三、派生法派生法是英语主要的构词法。此方法是借助于前缀或后缀，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。1前缀构词法前缀是加在一个词根前面的音节，它并不是独立的单词，但本身有一定的含义，它不改变词性，但改变原词义。常见前缀：前缀例词dis(不，否定)dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不诚实un(不)unable不能够；unlucky不幸的un(做 相 反 动作)undress脱衣服；unload卸货in(不，非)inactive不活跃的；incorrect不正确的im(不，
6、非)impolite没有礼貌的；impossible不可能的ir(不，非)irregular不规则的；irresponsible不负责任的il(不，非)illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的前缀例词non(不，非)nonexistent不存在的；nonstop直达的mis(错误的；坏的)misunderstand误解；misfortune厄运re(重复，再)rewrite重写；remarry再婚en(使可能)enrich丰富；enable使能够ex(以前的，前任的)expresident前任主席/总统；exwife前妻super(在 上面；超级)supermarket超市；supe
7、rmodel超级名模under(在之下)underestimate低估；underground地下的前缀例词sub(在下；次于；低于)subway地(下)道；地铁；submarine潜水艇inter(相互之间)international国际的；interact相互作用semi(半)semifinal半决赛；semicircle半圆multi(多，多种)multinational跨国的；multicoloured多种颜色的kilo(千)kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克centi(一百；百分之一)centimetre厘米；centigram厘克milli(毫；千分之一)milli
8、metre毫米；milligram毫克前缀例词tele(远)telephone电话；television电视a(在上/里；向)aboard在船/火车/飞机上；ahead在前面；aside在旁边；abroad在国外auto(自己的，独自的)automobile机动车，汽车；autobiography自传over(太，完全，过度，多)overfull太满的，过多的；overstudy用功过度extra(额外，以外，特殊)extraordinary非凡的；extramarital婚外的pre(预先，在之前)predict预告；preview预习2.后缀构词法后缀是加在一个单词后面的音节，它本身一般也
9、有一定含义，能够改变单词的词性，有的也可以改变词义。(1)名词后缀后缀例词age(状态；集合)shortage缺少；marriage婚姻an/ian(人，家)American美国人；Italian意大利人；musician音乐家ence/ency(构成抽象名词)dependence依靠；frequency频率ance(性质，状态)importance重 要 性；significance意义后缀例词ant/ent(人)assistant助手；student学生cion/sion/tion/ation(动作，状态)suspicion怀 疑；tension紧 张；repetition重复；prepa
10、ration准备ee(动作承受者或受影响者)employee受雇者；refugee难民er/or(人或物)writer作家；actor演员；cooker炊具；tractor拖拉机ess(女性)actress女演员；waitress女服务员；hostess女主人ism(主义，教)communism共产主义；socialism社会主义；Buddhism佛教后缀例词ist(主义者，家)communist共产主义者；dentist牙科专家；physicist物理学家ment(行为；结果；状态；性质)argument争 论；government政 府；development发展ship(关系，身份)fr
11、iendship友谊；citizenship公民身份hood(身份；性质；时代)childhood童年；neighbourhood街区；knighthood骑士身份ty(状态；性质)plenty大量；difficulty困难；anxiety焦虑ure(结果；行为；状态；实物)pressure压 力；picture图 画；pleasure高兴al(动作过程；结果)arrival到达；approval同意(2)形容词后缀后缀例词able/ible/bleunbelievable不可信的；tolerable可忍受的；responsible负责的alnational国家的；continental大陆的
12、edlearned有学识的；talented有才华的engolden金色的；woolen毛(织)的；wooden木制的fulbeautiful美丽的；useful有用的；colourful多彩的ic/icaleconomic经 济 的；political政 治 的；electronic电子的ishchildish幼稚的；selfish自私的后缀例词iveactive积 极 的；productive有 生 产 力 的；creative有创造力的lessuseless无 用 的；careless粗 心 的；meaningless无意义的lyfriendly友好的；deadly致命的；weekly每
13、星期的ous/ious dangerous危险的；glorious光荣的；famous著名的warddownward向下的；backward向后的yrainy多雨的；noisy吵闹的；snowy下雪的(3)动词后缀后缀例词en(使变得，使成为)lengthen延长；harden使变得坚固；deepen加深fy(使化)satisfy使满意；beautify美化；simplify简化ize/ise(使变成)realiz(s)e实现；industrializ(s)e使工业化(4)副词后缀后缀例词lycarefully小心地；beautifully美丽地；quickly迅速地ward(s)forwar
14、d向 前；backwards向 后；downwards向下；upwards向上自主巩固练习用所给单词的适当形式填空(1)Her preparation course is helping her to get used to_(academy)requirements of a Western university.(2)A fireman _(accident)discovered the cause of thefire.(3)It cost _(approximate)$300I cant remember itexactly.(4)_(beg)cant be choosers.(5)O
15、ther disabled people find the website _(benefit)because they can read about people with similar difficultiesto their own.(6)She glanced _(casual)through a magazine as shewaited.(7)The two of them are in a _(compare)financialsituation.(8)He quit playing _(compete)football at the age of 24.(9)Mans soc
16、ial being determines his _(conscious)(10)The cafhas a relaxed _(continent)feel about it.(11)She has played a _(decide)role in the peacenegotiation.(12)Themanstandingthereisa_(distinguish)novelist and philosopher.(13)It is a _(drama)story about an invasion of theEarth by aliens from Mars.(14)The teac
17、hers are very _(enthusiasm)and friendlyand the classrooms are amazing.(15)Buildinganewfactorytherewouldbe_(environment)disastrous.(16)Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the _(honour)soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.(17)To say you were _(ignore)of the rules is noexcuse.(18)Tourists shou
18、ldnt miss the 103 bus which offers one ofthe most _(impress)routes.(19)His hesitation indicates _(will)(20)Youshould_(loose)upyourmusclesbeforeplaying any sport.(21)This will help us achieve _(modern)(22)Some groups,_(name)students and pensioners(退休人员),will benefit from the new tax.(23)Women increas
19、ingly went out to work,usually out ofeconomic _(necessary)(24)He breathed _(noise)through his nose.(25)He can be very _(persuade)(26)The day before yesterday Professor Li made a speech_(plenty)of humor.(27)Our income has got smaller,so we must be _(reality)and sell our car.(28)The young woman is a _
20、(reception)in a fivestarhotel of international standard.(29)These resources can be _.(access)(30)Mygrandfatheris_(energy)andneverfeelstired.答案1.academic2.accidentally3.approximately4Bpetitive 9consciousness10.continental11.decisive12.distinguished13Dramatic 14.Enthusiastic15.environmentally 16.honourable17ignorant18.impressive19.unwillingness20.loosen21 modernization22.namely23.necessity24.noisily25.persuasive26.plentiful27.realistic28.receptionist29.accessible30.energetic
