1、高考感悟A 组 单句语法填空12019北京卷Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to _(I)the two simple words“Be yourself”答案与解析：myself 考查代词。whisper to sb.低声对某人说，此处指代主语 I，故用反身代词 myself。22018全国卷When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find _(they)alive.答案与解析：them 考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代
2、词作 find 的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格 them。32017浙江卷 6 月“She thought I had hurt _(I)，”says Pahlsson.答案与解析：myself 根据句意可知，此处表示“她以为我伤到我自己了”，应用 I 的反身代词 myself。42018浙江卷Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.答案与解析：who/that;it 第一空考查定语从句。根据
3、语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是 Many westerners，故填关系代词 who/that。第二空考查代词。此处应用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 to eat out。B 组 单句改错12019全国卷短文改错From then on，I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now._答案与解析：去掉 my play football“踢足球”。22019全国卷短文改错In the cafe,customers will enjoy yourselves
4、 in the historical environment that is created for them._答 案 与 解 析：yourselvesthemselves 此 处 指 代 主 语customers，要用 themselves。32018全国卷As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watch them,my parents would not let me.They would say to us that playing card games would help
5、 my brain._答案与解析：usme 由上下文可知，谈话的宾语是“我”，故改为人称代词的宾格 me。42018全国卷Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.I had done myself homework，but I was shy._答案与解析：myselfmy/the 词法错误。do ones/the homework为固定搭配，意为“做家庭作业”。52018全国卷The first time I went ther
6、e,they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and another animals._答案与解析：anotherother 此处表示“有狗、鸭子，还有其他的动物”，所以应该用 other。考点研析考点一 代词的基本用法1人称代词与物主代词类别第一人称第二人称第三人称主格(作主语)Iweyou youhesheitthey宾格(作宾语)meusyou youhim heritthem形容词性物主代词(作定语)myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词(作主语、表语或宾语)mineours yoursyoursh
7、ishersitstheirsShe was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge,and I will meet it with joy.给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。He invited some friends of his to attend his birthday party.他邀请了一些朋友参加他的生日宴会。2反身代词(1)构成：第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加“-self”(复数加-selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self
8、(复数加-selves)构成。数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves(2)句法功能：反身代词在句中作宾语、表格或同位语I sincerely hope you will enjoy yourself at the coming evening party.我真诚地希望你在即将到来的晚会上玩得开心。(3)反身代词的习惯用法dress oneself自己穿衣occupy oneself with 忙于behave yourself举止规矩有礼devote oneself
9、 to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself玩得开心seat oneself就座，入席make yourself at home 别客气teach oneself自学adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于2017浙江卷 6 月“She thought I had hurt myself，”says Pahlsson.“她以为我伤到我自己了。”Pahlsson 说。3指示代词 this,that,these,those 的用法指示代词用法 this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this
10、 也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用that/those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用What I want to say is this:you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。4不定代词(1)the other 指两者中的另一个，表示特指。There are two pens here.One is his,and the other is Toms.这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。(2)other 作前置定语，修饰
11、可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。We study English,maths,Chinese and other subjects.我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。(3)others 泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some.others.；而 the others 表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。Some like staying at home at the weekend;others like going to the cinema.一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。(4)another 泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，
12、可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。I dont like this book.Please give me another one.我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。5不定代词 both,all,either,any,neither,none都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneithernot eitherboth 和 not 连用三者或三者以上allanynonenot anyall 和 not 连用Niki is always full of ideas,but none is useful to my knowledge.Niki 总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有
13、用的。即学即练(单句语法填空/单句改错)12020安徽皖江名校联考People now do everything with _(they)smartphones,and use of cash is almost disappearing.答案与解析：their 考查代词。句意：人们现在用他们自己的智能手机做一切事情，几乎已经不使用现金了。设空处后有名词，应用形容词性物主代词，表示“他们的”，故填 their。22020安徽六校第二次联考National Love Our Children Day began in America in 2004.It falls on the first
14、Saturday in April._(it)aim is to honor and celebrate Americas children and stress the importance of love as they grow up.答案与解析：Its 考查代词。句意：该节日的目的是对美国儿童表示庆祝，让人们重视“爱中成长”的重要性。设空处修饰名词aim，联系上两句可知，此处表示此节日的目的，表示所属关系，指物，故用形容词性物主代词，又因设空处在句首，首字母要大写，故填 Its。32020湖南长郡中学检测However,quite a few others，especially _ i
15、n the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have“Double Happiness”答案与解析：those 考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故填代词 those。42020四川绵阳第二次诊断 The young policeman was touched by _(they)loss and sadness,and said that he was more than willing to act as their son.答案与解析：their 考查代词。句意：这位
16、年轻的警察被他们的失子之痛所触动根据空后的 loss and sadness(名词短语)可知，该空应填形容词性物主代词作定语，故填 their。52020南昌一模The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls _(it)“the oldest water town in China”答案与解析：itself 考查反身代词。句意：江苏周庄自称“中国最古老的水乡”。用反身代词 itself 作 calls 的宾语。62020九江市联考About two years ago,I worked hard and entered a local key school
17、,which my parents were proud of it._答案与解析：去掉 it which 引导定语从句，在从句中作 be proud of 的宾语，故 it 多余。72019湖北八校第一次联考I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently._答案与解析：memyself 考查反身代词。与句子主语 I 呼应，应用反身代词作宾语，look after myself 意为“照顾好我自己”。82020衡阳质检I find very convenient
18、to go anywhere with a bike._答案与解析：在 find 后加 it 考查代词。finditadj.to do为固定结构，it 作形式宾语。考点二 it 的用法1it 作人称代词的用法(1)it 用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。(2)it 指时间、距离、天气等。Its about 112 miles from London to B
19、irmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰大约有 112 英里。2用于某些句型Its(about/high)timethat-从句 某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should动词原形”)Its the first/second.timethat sb.has/have done这是某人第几次做某事Its时间段since-从句 自从有多长时间了Its时间段before-从句 过了多长时间才As far as I know,it is 8 years since his father passed away.据我所知，他父亲去世已经八年了。3it 作形式主语(宾语)的用法it 常作形式主语(
20、宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。(1)it 作形式主语的句型Itbeadj.(for sb.)to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible 等。As far as Im concerned,its necessary to have a good command of English.就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。Itbeadj.of sb.to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,
21、impolite,friendly,foolish,clever 等。It is silly of you to give up such a good chance.放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。Itben.(for sb./sth.)to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity,shame,pleasure,fun,joy,good manners,bad manners 等。It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。Itbeadj./n.doing sth.用于
22、此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use,no/much good,useless,fun 等。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it 作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without.为真正的主语)It be n./adj.主 语 从 句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strangethat 从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，且 should 可以省略。Its neces
23、sary and important that we should master the skills of operating computers.我们应该掌握电脑操作技术，这有必要而且非常重要。(2)it 作形式宾语的情况主语believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/makeitadj./n.不定式/动名词/从句。No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用 it，然后
24、接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like,dislike,hate,appreciate,depend on,rely on,count on 等。I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。即学即练(单句语法填空)12020豫南九校第一次联考But todays clothing in
25、dustry has made _ easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without having to spend a great amount of money.答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：但今天的服装业使得人们不用花很多钱就能更容易地跟上时尚的变化。分析句子成分可知，本句中真正的宾语是动词不定式短语 to keep up with changes in fashion.，设空处是形式宾语，故填 it。22020湖北八校第一次联考Chekhov said，“Before drinking from his cup
26、,he held _ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders,saying qing(please)”答案与解析：it 考查代词。设空处指代该句中的 cup，故用 it。句意：在喝酒之前，他手举着杯子，向我和酒吧老板及酒吧服务员说“请”。32020湖南岳阳质量检测二Its no surprise that smartwatches are so popular nowadays_ seems that everyone wants to buy one!答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：智能手表如今
27、如此流行一点都不奇怪仿佛每个人都想买一块智能手表。It seems that.为固定句式，意为“仿佛”，it 在该句式中作形式主语，that 引导的从句为真正的主语，故填 it。42020安徽安庆二模Every new year in the heartland of industrial China,thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road,determined to make _ home.答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：每年春节，在中国工业的中心地带，成千上万的骑摩托的人不畏
28、寒冷的天气，骑摩托上路，下定决心回家。make it to sp.为固定搭配，意为“成功到某地”，home 为副词，不与介词连用，make it home 意为“成功到家”，故填 it。52020山东东营一模_ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.答案与解析：It 考查代词。句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，社会经济背景不佳的年轻人往往会表现欠佳。it 作形式 主 语，“
29、that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。62020安庆模拟He admitted that when _ came to repairing a computer,he had little knowledge of it.答案与解析：it 考查代词。句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes to.意为“当说到”，为固定句型，故填 it。考点三 代词的固定搭配熟记代词固定搭
30、配both.and.两者都neither.nor.既不也不either.or.或者或者for one thing.for another.一则再则It takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人时间做某事As a matter of fact,it takes great courage to tell the truth.事实上，说实话需要勇气。即学即练(单句语法填空)12019福州期末And the hutong today is fading into the shade for _ tourists and local people.答案与解析：both 考查固
31、定搭配。both.and.为固定搭配，意为“两者都”。22020洛阳市第一次统考The tour guide told us there were almost 8,700 rooms in the Palace Museum.During the Ming Dynasty,construction began in 1406._ took 14 years to build the Forbidden City.答案与解析：It 考查固定句型。“It takes sb.time to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“花费某人多长时间做某事”，故此处应用 It作形式主语。32020广州调研M
32、icrobes cant survive on _(they)own.They need food.答案与解析：their 考查代词。on ones own 为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。42020泰安模拟As far as I am concerned,cycling is a good solution.For one thing,bicycles dont need any petrol and they are energy-saving.For _，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas.答案与解析：another 句意为：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面，自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它们不会排放任何废气。for one thing,for another 表示“一方面，另一方面”。
