1、Grammar Grammar The Present Perfect Tense现在完成时:基本用法现在完成时表结果,他的动作发生在过去,但是对现在有影响,而这种影响却往往是说话人的兴趣所在。现在完成时跨越两个时间,一个是过去,另一个是现在。Lead-ine.g.我从1975年起就学英语。I have studied English since 1975.自12世纪以来,中国就使用彩色印刷了。They have done color printing in China since the 12th century.Present Perfect Continuous Tense现在完成进行时
2、:基本用法1)强调时间的持续性。如：电话响了差不多一分钟,为什么没人接?The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute.Why doesnt someone answer it?2)表重复。叙述从过去某时到现在或最近已在重复的动作。如：最近天气变化无常,我时常感冒。The weather has been changeable lately;Ive been having a lot of colds.3)有感情色彩。如：今天真是一个多事之日。Too much has been happening today.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比
3、较:A.未完结性Ive cleaned the windows.我把窗户擦干净了。Ive been cleaning the windows.我擦窗户来着。(可能窗户尚未擦完)B.短暂性现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可以表示延续至今的状态,但完成进行是常表示短暂性。A.They have lived in New York.B.They have been living in New York.句A具有长期性,而句B具有短暂性。C.刚完结性与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时有时可以表示刚刚完结的动作。有时它是现在事件的直接原因,或者是得出结论的证据。如:我的手很脏,我在油汽车来着。My hands
4、 are dirty.Ive been paintingthe car.你的眼睛又红又肿,你是不是哭来着？Your eyes are red and puffy.Haveyou been crying?D.连续性或重复性现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。如：Jim have been phoning Jenny every night for the several month.All these days he has been writingarticles to our magazine.结论:现在完成进行时主要用于表示A.过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作。B.过去开
5、始,现在刚刚停止的动作。C.现在看到其直接结果的动作。现在完成时主要用于表示已经完成的动作及其与现在的关系。In pairs,take turns to read the statement and turn it into a question using the present perfect continuous tense.The words in brackets may help you.(P41)e.g.S1:Mrs.Smith learned to drive three years ago.(how long)S2:How long have you been driving
6、,Mrs.Smith?1.Sam has just finished learning to fly an airplane on a six-month course.(how long)How long have you been learning to fly an airplane,Sam?2.He swam till he felt very tired.He has just stepped out of the swimming pool.(how long)How long have you been swimming?3.Sally and Zhou Xin have bee
7、n busy all day.(what)What have you been doing,Sally andZhou Xin?4.They have argued with each other for years about the best way to grow potatoes.(what)What have you been arguing about for years?5.Jiao Yang uses a particular kind of washing powder and his clothes have always been clean and soft.(what
8、)Jiao Yang,what kind of washing powder have you been using that makes your clothes so clean and soft?Consolidation1.Hi,Tracy,you look tired.Im tired.I _ in the living room all day.A.painted B.had paintedC.have been painting D.have painted 2.There is so much snow these days,isnt there?Yes,it _ for a
9、few days.A.was snowing B.has been snowing C.had been snowing D.snowed3.Although these scientists _ on the project for nearly four years,I dont know how long it will last.A.have been working B.had worked C.were working D.are working 4.Now that she is out of job,Lucy _ going back to school,but she has
10、nt decided yet.A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider5.The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _ in the mud all morning.A.has played B.is playing C.has been playing D.was playing 6.I _ my work by the time the teacher _ back.A.was finished.,came B.sha
11、ll have finished.,comes C.had finished.,comes D.have finished.,will come7.I _ to see the film last week because I _ it twice.A.didnt go.had seen B.dont go.have seen C.hadnt go.had seen D.didnt go.have seen 9.Ill phone you if she _ this evening.In fact she didnt tell me if she_.A.would come.,will com
12、e B.will come.,came C.comes.,would come D.come.,came8.Who do you guess _ where I _ just now?A.lie.,lay B.is lying.,lay C.lies.,lain D.lied.,laid10.I _ into the bus when I _ a girl call my name.A.had hardly got.,hear B.had hardly got.,heard C.was no sooner setting.,heard D.did hardly get.,had heard 1
13、.A:-I am sorry I _(keep)you waiting so long.B:-It is all right.I _(read)the newspapers.2.The CCTV _(broadcast)English programmers ever since 1977.用现在完成时和完成进行填空:have kepthave been readinghas been broadcasting3.You _(feel)better when you _(take)the medicine.4.She said we _(may keep)the book as long as
14、 we _(like).5.Please wake me up if I _ still _(sleep)when you _(come).6.My sister _(learn)English since she _(be)a child.She _(speak)English fluently now.will feelhave takenmight keeplikedamsleepingcomehas been learningwasspeaks 7.My uncle _(come)to see us.He _(arrive)here a few days ago.I _(start)f
15、or Sydney tomorrow morning.8.He _(break)his glasses when he _(play)in a football match.has comearrivedwill startbrokewas playing下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.The water has been run the whole night.2.2.Hello,Tom.I have looking for you all morning.Where have you been?runningrunbeen3.His cool expression suggeste
16、d that he want to leave.4.He tried to harm other people,only to ruining himself.5.If only I can speak several foreign languages!wantwantedruiningruincancould6.We can all leave together assumed that the others arent late.7.Paul is very tired.He had been working very hard all morning.has assumedassuminghad 1.Learn useful words and expressions by heart and practice them.2.Finish Ex.1 and 2 on pages 40,79 and 80.Homework
