1、Module 1British and American English Section Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner.重点单词1edition n. (广播、电视节目的)期；版2cute adj. 逗人喜爱的3distinctive adj. 与众不同的4criticise vt. 批评5standard adj. 标准的6rapid adj.迅速的rapidly adv.迅速地7announce v宣布；声明announcement n声明；宣告8add vt.加；增加addition n增加；增加物additional adj.额外的，附加的9
2、present vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)10attempt n努力；尝试attempted adj.未遂的11simplify vt.简化simple adj.简单的simply adv.简单地；仅仅；只不过12combine v结合；联合；组合combination n组合；结合13look n外观；外表；样子14refer v参考；查阅；谈及；提到reference n参考；查阅.核心短语1get_used_to 习惯于2so_far 迄今为止3pick_up (偶然)学会；捡起；开车接4belong_to 属于5in_favour_of 同意；支持6refer to.as. 称为
3、7thanks_to 由于；幸亏，多亏8graduate from. 从毕业9instead_of 代替；而不是10be_known_for 因而出名11a period of time 一段时间12on the air 正在广播13make a fuss of sb. 对某人过分爱护14a couple of 几个，两三个15wear off 慢慢消失16a little bit easier 稍微容易些17written English 书面英语18a standard reference book 一本标准的参考书.经典句式1正如大家所知道的，每周我们都会在本节目中讨论我们现在生活的方式
4、的一个方面。As you know，every week on this programme we discuss an aspect of the way we live now.2由于我懂得当地方言，所以一切都很顺利。Im getting on just fine，now that I understand the local accent. 3在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。In English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound.4一些单词仅仅是看上去有许多字母。And some words jus
5、t seem to have too many letters.5到19世纪50年代，它每年售出100万册，这使它成为最受欢迎的校园用书之一。 By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year，making_ it one of the most popular school books ever.课文预读The Man Who Made Spelling SimpleIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say /
6、rat/ but spell it right, or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters.For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University
7、 in 1778. As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look.So he began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, su
8、ggested simplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flav
9、or instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine, were not.not always并不总是，表示部分否定。represent vt.代表；描写combination/kmbnen/n.组合；结合in a number of ways以多种方式a little bit稍微thanks to幸亏，多亏graduate from毕业于a teacher是Noah Webster的同位语，who引导定语从句，
10、修饰a teacher。as a young man年轻时，注意as不要直译为“作为”。fight against与作斗争；为反对而斗争fight for为而斗争distinctive/dstktv/adj.与众不同的look/lk/n.外观；外表；样子用作复数时，意为“相貌”。suggest doing. 建议做simplify/smplfa/vt.简化extremely adv.尤其，非常现在分词短语在此处作结果状语。ever与最高级连用，意为“空前，有史以来”；与比较级连用，意为“曾经，以往任何时候”，用来加强语气。adopt vt.采用，采纳；领养注意形似词adapt，意为“使适应，改
11、编”。silent letters不发音的字母be best known for因而最著名原级：be well known forwhich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词American Dictionary of the English Language。introduce vt.引进pronunciation n发音pronounce v发音criticise /krtsaz/vt.批评criticise sb. for sth.因某事批评某人standard/stndd/adj.标准的reference/refrns/n.参考；查阅a reference book参考书译文助读让拼写变
12、得简单的人在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音，所以人们读/rat/，但把它拼成right，或者write，甚至是rite。字母组合(如ough)可能有多种发音方式。一些单词仅仅是看上去由许多字母组成。对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)就稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚韦伯斯特的人的工作。他是一位教师，于1778年毕业于耶鲁大学。他年轻时曾在美国独立战争中与英国人作斗争。他觉得在新独立的美国，书面英语应该有独特的“美国”面貌。因此他开始研究美式英语。他的第一本书基础拼写手册建议简化英语单词的拼写。这本书非常受欢迎。到19世纪50年代，它每年能卖出一百万册，这使它成为最受欢迎的教材之一。书中的很多建
13、议很快被采纳了：center替代了centre，program替代了programme，flavor替代了flavour。而另外的一些建议，如去掉像island中不发音的字母s和像examine中词末不发音的字母e，则没有被采纳。韦伯斯特的美式英语词典为他赚尽了名声，该词典于1828年首次出版。它引进了许多新的美式英语单词，书中有它们的发音和用法，当然，还有新的拼法。英国人批评这本词典，但它很快成了美国的标准参考书。今天，韦伯斯特的词典仍是美国学生的首选词典。课文理解Step Fast readingLook through the passage quickly and decide if
14、the statements are true or false.1Webster is best known for his The Elementary Spelling Book.(F)2In English the spelling of words always represents the sound. (F)3In American English，today the word “colour” may be written as “color”. (T)4Today，Websters dictionary is still the number one dictionary f
15、or American and Chinese students.(F)5Noah Webster suggested simplifying the spelling of English words. (T)Step Careful readingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Which of the following can replace the word “represent” in the first paragraph?Astand for Bpresent Ctake Duse答案：A2What can
16、 we know about Noah Webster in the text?AHe graduated from Yale University in 1788.BHe once worked as a lawyer.CHe fought against the British in the American War of Independence.DHe is popular among the British.答案：C3Which one is not the reason for writing an American dictionary?AIn English the spell
17、ing of words does not always represent the sound.BSome British words have too many letters.CWebster thought the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look.DThe British dictionaries are not good.答案：D4Which is TRUE for American Dictionary of the English Language?AIt firs
18、t appeared in 1818.BThe British also like it very much.CIt introduced lots of new American words.DIt is not popular nowadays.答案：CStep After readingIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. Combinations of letters may _1_ (pronounce) in many ways. And some words just seem
19、_2_ (have) too many letters.Thanks _3_ the work of Noah Webster，a teacher _4_ graduated from Yale University in 1778，things are a little bit _5_ (easy) for Americans. He felt that written English in the _6_ (new) independent United States should have a distinctive American look.His first book，The El
20、ementary Spelling Book，suggested _7_ (simplify) the spelling of English words. By the 1850s，it was selling one million copies a year，_8_ (make) it one of the most popular school books ever.Many of the suggestions _9_ (adopt). Others，_10_，such as removing silent letters like s in island or the final
21、e in examine，were not.1be_pronounced2.to_have3.to4.who/that5.easier6newly7.simplifying8.making9.were_adopted10however1 派生词：addition n增加，附加additional adj.额外的，附加的(教材P8)Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety.现在再增加一些观点来支持你选择的英语种类。归纳拓展(1)add.to. 把加到上，在中加上add to增加；增添(后一般跟difficulty(困难)，t
22、rouble(麻烦)，nervousness(紧张感)，pleasure(快乐)等抽象名词)add up把加起来；累计(强调将事物或数字相加的动作)add up to总计达，总共有(强调相加后的结果，后常跟表示计算结果的数字)(2)in addition 另外，除此之外(在句中作状语)in addition to除之外还有(as well as/besides)品读高考(2018全国卷)Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visua
23、l interest to our rooms. 它们是像抱枕、镜子和篮子一样的小色斑，我们大多数人用它们来增加房间的视觉趣味。经典例句Will you add more sugar to the coffee?咖啡里你需要再加些糖吗？Every failure one meets with adds to ones experience.吃一堑，长一智。He added up those numbers and they added up to 5,050.他把那些数字加起来，它们合计为5 050。You need money and time；in addition，you need di
24、ligence.你需要钱和时间，此外还需要努力。In addition to my weekly wage，I got a lot of tips. 除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。语境串记The head teacher praised the boy who did some cleaning of the classroom，adding that what he did added to the beauty of the class. In addition to his good deed，the boy worked on the lesson so well.班主任表扬了
25、那个打扫教室的男孩，并补充说他所做的事增添了教室的美。除了他行为很好之外，这个男孩学习也很好。即学即练单句语法填空The President agreed, adding (add) that he hoped for a peaceful solution. Working out in the morning provides additional (add) benefits beyond being physically fit.Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seaso
26、nal specials. The dictionary is out of date：many words have_been_added (add) to the language since it was published.(教材P8)Present your ideas to the rest of the class.把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。归纳拓展品读高考(2018全国卷)At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.目前，世界上大约有6 800种语言。经典例句On Teachers Day, my students pr
27、esented me with some flowers.On Teachers Day, my students presented some flowers to me.教师节那一天，我的学生送给我一些花。How many people were present at the meeting yesterday? 昨天出席会议的有多少人？At present, more and more people are living a happy life.现在，越来越多的人正过着幸福的生活。Ive got enough money for the present, but I must go t
28、o the bank tomorrow.我的钱暂时还够用，但我明天必须去银行。语境串记The boss was not satisfied with the present plan，so he asked the engineers who were present at the meeting to present a new one in a day.老板对当前的计划不满意，所以他要求出席会议的工程师们在一天之内提出一个新的计划。即学即练单句语法填空Davids manager presented him with the award for best sales in the regi
29、on.Im sorry hes out at present.The suggestions presented (present) at the meeting will be discussed later.3 派生词：attempted adj.未遂的，企图的(教材P9)Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese? 你能找出韦伯斯特的工作同简化汉语的尝试之间的相同点吗？归纳拓展品读高考(2017全国卷)Therefore attempts may be made t
30、o fill every gap with conversation.因此，可以尝试用对话来填补每一个空白。经典例句She made an attempt to get them on the telephone, but nobody was home.她试图与他们取得电话联系， 但家里没有人。He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at his/the first attempt.当在第一次尝试中通过驾照考试时，他得意洋洋。易混辨析attempt/manageattempt表示试图做某事，但不一定有结果，与t
31、ry同义，但比try正式manage表示设法成功做成某事They attempted to climb the steepest part of the mountain, but failed. They didnt lose heart and tried again. At last, they managed to get to the top of the mountain.他们试图从最陡峭的地方爬山，但是失败了。他们没有气馁，又尝试了一次，最后成功登上了山顶。即学即练单句语法填空He came across that floor waving his arms like a you
32、ng bird attempting (attempt) its first flight.Body language is particularly important when we attempt to_communicate (communicate) across cultures.Dale took his mothers advice，tried desperately and after several attempts (attempt) finally made it. pick up 拾起，捡起；(无意中)学会；接收(信号)；(开车)接(人)；好转；恢复(教材P7)If
33、Callum picked up the local accent he started to use it. 如果卡勒姆学会当地口音，他就开始使用它。归纳拓展pick up speed 加速pick out 挑选；辨认出pick off 摘掉品读高考(2018浙江)Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up. 万一你遇到从路过的汽车里扔出来的废纸，把它捡起来。经典例句We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.我们第
34、二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。Its easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.因为他个子很高，所以很容易在人群中辨认出他。Dont pick off any of these flowers.这些花一朵也不要采摘。即学即练写出pick up在句中的含义They depend on the goodwill of visitors to pick up rubbish. 拾起，捡起He picked up some English words while he was travelling in England.偶然学会(语言、
35、某种技能等)It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.(用车)接某人We can pick up Italian television.收听，收看(节目，电台等)He is beginning to pick up after the operation. (身体)好转本句中not与always连用表示部分否定。归纳拓展(1)否定副词not与表示整体或全部意义的词every，everyone，everybody，everything，both，all连用时，不论not在什么位置都表示部分否定，意为“并不都是；不全是”。(2)若要表示
36、全部否定，则需要用相应的表示全部的否定词。如allnone，bothneither，everyno，everyoneno one，everybodynobody，everythingnothing。品读高考(2018天津)Not everybody can do that.不是每个人都能做到。经典例句Even the wise are not always free from error.智者千虑，必有一失。Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.这两道数学题并非都很难。(部分否定)Neither of his sisters
37、agrees to his suggestion.他两个姐姐都不同意他的提议。(全部否定)即学即练句型转换All birds dont fly south for the winter.Not all birds fly south for the winter.Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.Not both of the two math problems are very difficult.By the 1850s, it was selling one million copies a year, making
38、 it one of the most popular school books ever.到十九世纪五十年代，它每年售出一百万册，这使它成为最受欢迎的教材之一。本句中making it one of the most popular school books ever为现在分词短语作结果状语，是由上文的原因推出的一个必然结果。归纳拓展(1)现在分词短语作结果状语表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的结果，表示结果的现在分词短语通常放在句子的后面，其前常用逗号隔开，分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或therefore(因而，因此)；分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语也可以是前面的整个句子，逻辑主
39、语为前面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。(2)不定式作结果状语通常表示“出乎意料或不愉快”的结果，有时为了加强语气，还在其前面加only。品读高考(2018江苏)Around 13, 500 new jobs were created during the period, exceeding the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.在这期间，大约创造了13 500个新的工作，超过市场分析师预期的12 000个。经典例句She left the room so hurriedly, leaving the lig
40、hts on for the whole night.她离开房间时太匆忙了，结果忘了关灯而让灯亮了整整一个晚上。The car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.这辆车遇到了交通堵塞，因此晚点了。I hurried there, only to find that all of them had gone.我匆匆赶到那里，结果发现他们都走了。即学即练单句语法填空The hospital has recently introduced new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more p
41、atients to be treated.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to_find (find) it didnt fit.单词拼写1The little girl is so cute that everyone likes her.2Try to simplify your explan
42、ation for the children as it is difficult for them to understand it.3He criticised me for failing to complete the work on time.4From the look on his face，we know bad news is coming.5All the people present were all quite satisfied with his performance.6The announcement (声明)was broadcast on both radio
43、 and television.7If you speak standard (标准的)English，you can make yourself understood whether in Britain or in the United States.8He carried on the business in combination (联合)with his friends.9His attempt (努力)at comforting her just made matters even worse.10You may refer to your reference (参考)book a
44、fter having finished your homework.用方框中短语的适当形式填空get used to，thanks to，in favour of，belong to，wear off，refer to，pick up，so far，a couple of，instead of1Are you in_favour_of the proposal that he put forward yesterday?2Thanks_to his advice，I won the first prize in the competition.3You shouldnt refer_to a
45、ny textbook in the exam.4Davids health is expected to pick_up after a few days rest.5It took them almost a month to get_used_to the new school life.6The house used to belong_to him but he sold it last year.7The effects of the painkiller began to wear_off and I felt very painful.8I have finished read
46、ing 10 books so_far.9I think the trouble will clear up in a_couple_of days.10I wanted to do something more meaningful instead_of wasting my life.句型转换1He comes home late every evening，and it makes his wife very angry.He comes home late every evening，which makes his wife very angry.(改为非限制性定语从句)He come
47、s home late every evening，making his wife very angry.(改为分词作状语)2We all refer to her as our elder sister.(改为被动语态)She is referred to as our elder sister by us all.3It seems that the writers imagination has dried up.(同义句转换)The writers imagination seems to have dried up.4All the students dont like playing basketball.(同义句转换)Not all the students like playing basketball.5The voters who agreed to the suggestion raised their hands.(同义句转换)The voters in favour of the suggestion raised their hands.
