1、Unit 1 Festivals around the worldLearning about Language语法精讲探究学习情态动词()【情境探究】观察上面对话,并类比填空。1.Look!Someone is coming.Who can it be?_ it be our English teacher?It cant be him.He has gone abroad.It _ be our headmaster.He looks like our English teacher.2.Is John coming by train?He should,but he _ not.He l
2、ikes driving his car.Canmustmay3._ I take the dictionary home?No,you _.4.This dish is really delicious._ you please say it in Chinese?Sure,we call it doufu.May/CanmustntCould【要义详析】情态动词具有交际功能,表示说话方对某种现象和事物的看法和态度,与其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的某种感情或语气,对某一动作或状态的某种态度,表示“需要”“可以”“必须”“应当”等意义。*Where does ha
3、ppiness come from?The answer given by President Xi Jinping must be encouraging.幸福来自哪里?习近平主席给出的答案一定会让人们备受鼓舞。*(2020全国卷)I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.我认为所有作家都应该力所能及地支持图书馆。*(2019全国卷)In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.
4、在这些地方,病人在康复期间能亲近大自然。【名师点津】(1)情态动词不能单独作谓语,除ought to和used to以外,情态动词后面接动词原形。(2)情态动词没有人称和数的变化,但是有些情态动词,如can,will,may等有一般式和过去式的变化。(3)情态动词的“时态”的形式并不是区分时间的主要标志。不少情况下,情态动词的现在时形式和过去时形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。【巧学助记】情态动词小规律情态动词条目多,基本规律可寻找。不可单独作谓语,动词原形要跟梢。若是表示过去事,后面要用have done。不管人称单复数,can,will,may有过去。否定只要接not,疑问赶紧
5、往前跑。情态动词的基本用法1.can/could(1)表示能力,指有能力做某事。could为can的过去式。*5G can allow consumers to download an 8-gigabit movie in seconds.5G可以让顾客在几秒内下载一部8G的电影。(2)表示请求或允许。could比can语气更加委婉。It will be good for your health if you could squeeze some time to take more exercise in future.要是你今后可以挤出一些时间多锻炼身体,将会对你的健康有好处。(3)表示推测
6、,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。*He is such a gentle man,so he cant be rude to you.他是如此温柔的人,因此他不可能对你粗鲁的。(4)表示推测,意为“有时会”,常用于肯定句中。*(2020天津高考)Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.Jim说,只要我们保持房子干净整洁,我们就能待在他的房子里。(5)can的其他用法。“cant+be/行为动词+比较级”表示“再没有比更”。*It can not be better to have s
7、uch a nice audience like you.有你这样的听众,真是再好不过了。“cant+动词原形+too/enough”表示“无论怎么也不为过”。*When it comes to making friends,you cannot be too careful.谈到交朋友,你再怎么小心也不为过。“cant+help+动名词”表示“禁不住做某事”。*On hearing the funny story,we cant help laughing.一听到这个滑稽的故事,我们就禁不住大笑。“cant+(choose/help)but+动词原形”表示“不得不,只好”。*He is su
8、ch an unselfish man.You cannot help but respect him.他是这样一个毫无私心的人。你不得不尊敬他。【名师点津】“能”有不同 be able to/can在一般现在时主动语态中表示“能”、“会”时,两者可互换,意义差别不大。但在以下几种情况中两者不能换用:(1)be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如:She can sing the song in English.她能用英语唱这首歌。He will be able to sing this song in English in a few hours,to
9、o.几小时之后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。(2)be able to 强调一种结果,而can只强调一种可能。Luckily,he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.幸运的是,他最终逃出了大火。If he got here a few hours earlier,I could save him.要是他早几个小时来,我还能救他。(3)be able to可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。I could help you last night,but you didnt come.昨天晚上我能帮你,而你没来。Can
10、 you see it there?你能看见它在那儿吗?He is/was/will be able to help you.他能帮你的忙。(4)can可用于表示可能性,推测,允许等情况,而be able to通常不这样用。【巧学助记】口诀记忆can/couldcan表能力和可以,否定、疑问(在否定句及疑问句中)表猜疑。could为can的过去式,语气比can更客气。【即学活用】用适当的情态动词填空。(1)(2018天津高考)I started doing anything I _ to help them build a little pride.(2)“Im a huge football
11、 fan too,so I _ wait for the World Cup to begin,”said Era Istrefi.(3)(2018浙江高考)I _ speak fluent English and I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.(4)Traveling around _ help us build up our body and keep energetic.couldcantcancan2.may/might(1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。以may/might开头的问句在
12、否定回答中要用mustnt。*(2017全国卷)If youre interested in it,you may either send an email to or sign up in person.如果你感兴趣的话,你可以发送邮件至或亲自来注册。(2)表示把握不大的推测,意为“可能,也许”。用于肯定句或否定句中;might语气更加不肯定。*(2019北京高考)You may have chances to meet new people wholl become your lifelong friends.你或许有机会遇到能成为你终生朋友的人。(3)may和might的其他用法。“ma
13、y+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿。*May you have a good time and enjoy your stay here.祝你玩得高兴,享受在这儿逗留的时光。“may/might as well+动词原形”表示“不妨,还不如”。*Lastly,we may as well walk or cycle to school,which wont cause air pollution.最后,我们不妨走路或骑自行车去上学,这不会造成空气污染。【即学活用】(1)_?我可以进来吗?Yes,_./Of course,_.是的,请进。(2)写出下列句中may的用法。May you be happy
14、!表示_I think he may come today.表示_You may keep the book for 2 weeks.表示_May I come inyou mayyou may祝愿推测许可3.will/would(1)表示意愿,would是will的过去式。*I shall be pleased if you will help me with my work.如果您在工作上帮我,我将非常高兴。*I would like to work as a volunteer for the international summer camp.我想成为国际夏令营的志愿者。(2)表示征求
15、意见或提出请求。would的语气更加委婉。*Would you be kind enough to spare some time for us?您可以为我们挤出点时间来吗?(3)表示习惯或特性以及自然的规律性。will用于现在,would用于过去。*Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水面上。*He wondered how they would get over that problem.他想知道他们将怎样解决那个问题。(4)表示推测,意为“可能,大概”。Ask him.He will know.问他,他大概知道。【即学活用】(1)完成句子。_opening the
16、window for me?你介意为我打开窗户吗?He _early when he lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是起得很早。(2)英译汉。Some vegetables will get burnt in such hot weather.译:_Would you mindwould get up有些蔬菜在这么炎热的天气下会烤焦。4.shall/should(1)shall。shall用于疑问句中,征求对方的意见;这时可以用第一人称和第三人称。*Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon?我们可以在本周五下午一
17、起去那里吗?shall用于陈述句,与第二人称或第三人称连用,表示允诺、命令、警告和强制,或表示说话人的决心等。*He is determined that you shall succeed.他决心使你成功。【巧学助记】多义shallshall含义不简单,记住口诀小case。第一人称表“将要”,可与will相替换。二三人称陈述句,表达允诺和要求,还有命令和警告。一三人称用问句,征询意见用得妙。(2)should。表示责任和义务,意为“应该”。*In my opinion,some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture e
18、ffectively.在我看来,应该采取一些措施有效地保护传统文化。表示推测,指有一定根据的推测,意为“按道理应该”。*(2018天津高考)If your smoke detector is working properly,the red light should be on.如果你的烟雾报警器正常运转,红灯应该是亮着的。表示惊讶,意为“竟会,居然”。*Its strange that he should get up late.真是奇怪他竟然起晚了。【即学活用】意义匹配(A.应该;B.征求对方意见;C.警告;D.允诺;E.可能)。(1)The school should make it a
19、 rule to drive students from the classroom to the library.()(2)Its dangerous that you shall never touch it.()(3)Shall we go to the theater this evening?()(4)They should be home by now.()ACBE5.must(1)must表义务或强制。must用于一般疑问句时,其肯定答语应用Yes,you must。其否定答语应用No,you neednt或No,you dont have to。must的否定式must not
20、/mustnt表示禁止。*If the books were to be safe,they must be moved again while the city was quiet.要想使这些书安全,(她)必须趁城市不再打仗时,再次转移这些图书。*Colleges must shape next generation to lead country with socialist values.大学必须用社会主义价值观塑造下一代来领导国家。*Must I go there with you?我必须和你一起去那里吗?Yes,you must.(No,you neednt./you dont ha
21、ve to.)是的,必须。(不,没必要。)【知识延伸】“必须”不同must/have tomust表示主观愿望,主观看法,只能用于一般现在时和一般将来时。*We must finish the work before lunch.我们必须在午饭前完成这项工作。(强调有义务早完成工作,不要拖延。)have to不得不,必须,后跟动词原形。强调客观需要;其过去式是had to,将来时态的形式是shall/will have to。口语中也常说have got to。它的特点是have有人称、时态的变化。*We have to finish the work before lunch.(强调客观情况
22、迫使,如不完成就会,是不得已而为之。)(2)must表示说话人有把握的猜测,仅限于肯定句。*They must be anxious to know the result.他们一定急于知道结果。(3)must表示“偏要,偏偏”。*If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走的话,至少等到暴风雨结束。【即学活用】(1)All the students _.所有学生必须遵守校规。(2)_?我现在就得走吗?Yes,you _.是的,你现在就得走了。No,you _.不,你没有必要现在就走。(3)My watch doesnt
23、work.There _with it.我的手表不走了,一定是出问题了。(4)Children _to their parents.孩子们不准对他们的父母那样说话。must obey the school rulesMust I go nowmustneedntmust be something wrongmustnt speak like that课时检测素养达标.单句语法填空1.You cant imagine such a well-educated man _ be so rude to an old lady.2.Why _ you always smoke in the offic
24、e?3.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It _ have been a comfortable journey.4._ he speak Chinese?Yes,a little.shouldmustcouldntCould/Can5.We _ sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story when we were young.6.The sign over there says that no person
25、 _ smoke in this area.7._ the friendship between our two peoples last forever!8.Shall I tell Mary about it?No,you _.I have told her already.9.Although you _ find bargains in London,its generally not a cheap place to shop.10.Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean I _bring anything
26、to eat with me?wouldshallMayneedntcanneednt/dont have to.选词填空may,can,must,should,could,would,shouldnt,mustnt,neednt,cant1.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.2.I dont care what people think.Well,you _.What others think of you really doesnt matter.3.
27、_ you interrupt now?Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir,but its urgent.wouldshouldMust4.You didnt have to know the name of the author to find a book.You _ find the book by the title.5.What sort of house do you want to have?Something big?Well,it _ be bigthats not important.6.You _ find it astonish
28、ing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak.7.A balanced diet _ help us build up our body.8.We _ get into the habit of depending on others to tell us the answer.couldneedntmaycanshouldnt9.You _ take along too much baggage with you when hiking in the valley.10.You _ imagine how exci
29、ted they felt when the pupils received these beautiful presents on Childrens Day.mustntcant【语法主题应用】根据所给语境,用适当的情态动词填空。Despite the fact that you 1._ wear school uniform every day,you 2._ still find yourself a place at the cutting edge of fashion.From coloured shoelaces to special snacks,this is what t
30、he cool kids in your class believe in for the summer.mustcan It 3._ not be practical for you to have a new pair of shoes every day,but moving from one colour shoelaces to another 4._ show your desire for a new look.Bright coloursred,green,light gold,pink,purple,are the top choices.There are also spo
31、rts laces that come in colour combinations,such as red/white and red/black.You 5._ even try to lace up your sports shoes in two colours!maycan/willcan/may Has changing cell phone accessories(小挂件)become part of your life?Although you 6._ not be able to afford the most advanced phone,you 7._ still dec
32、orate it.Girls 8._ prefer fluffy Teddy Bears that change colour according to the temperature,while many boys like taking accessories that say things such as“The teacher is coming.”Try sticking photos(大头照).They are cheap,convenient and 9._ be carried around in your wallet.You 10._ even choose special backgrounds of cartoon figures to show your individuality.maycanmaycancan/may
