1、2021高考英语短文故事精读与语法填空训练（二十）一：语法填空训练Secrecy in industry 工业中的秘密Two factors weigh (heavy) against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry
2、is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from ( effect)contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other (department) of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally ( vary)considerably. Some of the b
3、igger firms are engaged in researches are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes (depend)on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be (take)out. Even more proc
4、esses are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies (particular) to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cann
5、ot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in (obtain) technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling (have) their names entered as having taken out such and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research the
6、y are likely to be undertaking.二：词句短语长难句释义Secrecy in industry 工业中的秘密Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far
7、as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably
8、. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be ta
9、ken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole natu
10、re of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace
11、 the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.1：将标记的词汇短语释义1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 2：长难句分析释义 三：文意梳理有两个因素严重地妨碍着工业中科学研究的效率：一是科研工作中普遍存在的保密气氛；二是研究人员缺乏个人自由。任何一项研究都涉及到保密，那些从事科研的人员自然受到了限制。他们不能和其他国家、其他大学、甚至往往
12、不能与本公司的其他部门的同行们进行有效的接触。保密程度自然差别很大。某些大公司进行的研究属于一般和基础性的研究。因此不保密对他们才有利。然而，依赖这种研究的很多工艺程序是在完全保密的情况下进行的，直到可以取得专利权的阶段为止。更多的工艺过程根本就不会取得专利权，而是作为秘方保存着。这在化学工业方面尤其突出。同物理和机械工业相比，化学工业中偶然发现的机会要多得多。有时，保密竟达到了这样的程度，即连研究工作的整个性质都不准提及。比如，很多公司向图书馆借阅科技书籍时感到很困难，因为它们不愿让人家记下它们公司的名字和借阅的某一本书。他们生怕别的公司的情报人员据此摸到他们可能要从事的某项科研项目。四：语
13、法填空练习Every Wednesday at 7 pm,a group of running enthusiasts from different countries gather at a bar in Shanghai before setting 1 on their 5-kilometer run.But this is no ordinary run.These people 2 (arm) with trash bags.The members of this group dont simply run for the sake of good health.They do it
14、 for the sake of the Earth 3 well.Called “plogging”,this new fitness activity originated in Sweden in 2016 and was introduced to Shanghai in 2018.The term is a combination of the words “jogging” and “plocka upp”,4 means “pick up”.By the summer of 2018,just a few months after Trash Running China was
15、founded,5 (it) WeChat group had grown to introduce more than 400 runners.To make the activity more fun for both 6 (newcomer) and regular ploggers,Trash Running China also 7 (frequent) organizes longer weekend runs in the suburban areas.“We want more people to hold small plogging groups and have a 8
16、(responsible) to organize trash running activities in their own neighborhoods”,says Eisenring,who founded Trash Running China.“Plogging is a way 9 (know) the people and the city a bit more,” says Robbin Trebbe,one of the 10 (late) runners to join the group.1.off/out考查副词。此处set off/out表示“出发”之意。2.are a
17、rmed考查被动语态和主谓一致。句子主谓语之间是被动关系,由上下文可知使用一般现在时,而句子主语是复数形式,故填are armed。3.as考查固定搭配。此处句意为“他们还为了地球而跑”,使用的是固定搭配as well“也,还”。4.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格后是非限制性定语从句,因而填关系代词which指代先行词plocka upp。5.its考查代词。此处指“Trash Running China”这一组织的微信群,因而填its。6.newcomers考查名词复数。由句中“both”和“regular ploggers”可知应填名词复数形式。7.frequently考查副词。由句子结构可知应使用副词frequently(频繁地)修饰动词organizes。8.responsibility考查词形转换。空格前a暗示其后应填名词单数形式,此处表示“一种责任”。9.to know考查不定式。由句意“边跑边捡垃圾是了解人和城市多一点的一种方式”,而way to do(做某事的方式)是一种固定用法。10.latest考查形容词。空格处表示“最新加入这一群体的跑步者之一”,故填latest(最新的)。
