1、课时跟踪练（一）Introduction & Reading Pre-reading.阅读理解AThere are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting.When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”， I didnt know what it meant. Realizing I didnt follow her, she used another word. I f
2、inally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted_down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was
3、engaged.Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale abo
4、ut a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk.Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didnt follow her, she quic
5、kly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber.In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between
6、American English and British English.语篇解读：作者通过生活中的一些例子告诉我们英式英语和美式英语中一些词在使用上的差异。1When Lily used the word “larder”， she was probably looking for a _.AcupBladderCcupboard Dcooker解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food.”可知，莉莉在寻找一个“橱柜”。2What does the underlined ph
7、rase “jotted down” in Paragraph 2 mean?AWrote down. BLeft behind.CLooked for. DSettled down.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“in her diary” 以及“while I marked my calendar”可知，莉莉把日期和时间记在了日记本上。write down“记下，写下”。3Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because _.Ashe thought the game w
8、as boringBshe wanted to spend time with her boysCshe didnt dress her boys in thick clothesDher boys got lost解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“an early morning tennis game”和“I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those.”可推断，莉莉后悔送她的孩子们去看网球比赛是因为她没给孩子们穿厚一点的衣服。4According to the passage, in Bri
9、tish English _.Athe word “pissed” means “angry”Bthe word “jacket” is often usedCthe word “engaged” means “tired”Dthe word “rubber” means “eraser”解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber”可知，选D。BBritish English and American English are almost the
10、same. But there are slight differences between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar.The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the same. Only a
11、 very small number of words are used disparately. For example, Americans would say “apartment”， but the British would say “flat” to talk about the place where they live. In addition to some common words, many idiomatic(惯用的) expressions are different. In England people might say “Ill ring you up toni
12、ght”， but in the US, people might say “Ill call you up tonight”The second difference between British and American English is in pronunciation. The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音). Some American dialects and some British dialects use vowels in different ways. Sometimes, Amer
13、icans and the British dont understand each others pronunciation. But most of the time, the British and Americans do understand each others pronunciation because most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same.The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of
14、words are spelled differently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like “center”. In British English, this word would be spelled CENTRE, while in American English the same word would be spelled CENTER. Another example is “or” vs “our”. The word “color”is spelled COLO
15、UR in Britain but COLOR in the US.There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say “Have you got .？” while Americans prefer “Do you have .？” An American might say “my friend just arrived”， but a British would say “my friend has just arrived”. Sometimes function words are used differe
16、ntly: the British may say “at the weekend”， but Americans would say “on the weekend”语篇解读：本文是一篇关于英式英语和美式英语差异的文章。5What is this passage mainly about?AThe development of American English.BDifferences between British and American English.CThe influences of British English on American English.DThe causes
17、of the differences between British and American English.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知文章是关于英式英语和美式英语差异的。6What does the underlined word “disparately” in Paragraph 2 mean?AFrequently.BRegularly.CEventually. DDifferently.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据该词前面的“Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are
18、exactly the same. Only a very small number of words are used disparately.”可知disparately应该与same意思相反。7. According to Paragraph 3, Americans and the British may find it hard to understand each other because of_.Athe different ways of using vowelsBthe different idiomatic expressions they useCthe differe
19、nces in grammarDthe differences in spelling解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段“The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音)”可知答案为A。8Which of the following words probably belong to the American English vocabulary?aflavourbtheaterchumordcentreekilometerfhonourgcolorAa, b, c, e Bb, c, d, eCb, c, e, g Dd,
20、 e, f, g解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第四段关于拼写的差异，可知是C。CAmerican English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century, the English language was brought to North America by colonists (殖民者) from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Sh
21、akespeare.In order to exploit new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteen colonies, including Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. In these thirteen areas, English was a common language used by
22、 all people. The first colonists established the English form in America. They continued to speak as they had done in England.As time went by, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. The Americans adop
23、ted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial (贸易的) needs.Following American Independence, famous people like Thomas Jefferson, the president, began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. Noah Webster compiled (编纂) three eleme
24、ntary books on English. Later, he expressed the idea that as an independent nation, America should have a system of its own in language as well as in government. After the second half of the 19th century, many great writers such as Mark Twain helped the development of American English.English in Ame
25、rica has developed a character of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people. Since the rise of the United States to a position of world importance, American English has been developing and changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich
26、 the English language greatly. With the rapid development of modern mass media and the common needs of economic, cultural and political exchanges, American English will be more widely used in the world than British English.语篇解读：本文简要介绍了美式英语的发展史，并预测了其在世界上的影响力将越来越深远。9What can you infer from Paragraph 3
27、?APeople from the seaside were more willing to learn English.BThe English language changed as a result of inner culture shock.CNew words occurred in American English as a result of local invention.DInternational business and trade contributed to the development of American English.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段中的
28、“Foreigners longing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. The Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial needs.”可知，因为国际贸易的交往，美式英语从他国语言中进行了大量借鉴，由此可以推断出国际贸易促进了美式英语的发展。10What do we know about American English?AIt came into be
29、ing at the end of the 17th century.BIt hardly makes contributions to the development of English.CIts development has a close relationship with American peoples life.DIt has been more widely used than British English from the beginning.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“English in America has developed a character
30、 of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people.”可知，美式英语发展出了自己的特色，它的发展与美国人民的生活密不可分。11Whats the best title for the passage?AThe Development of American EnglishBLanguage and BusinessCThe Difference between American English and British EnglishDThe Birth o
31、f American English解析：选A主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了美式英语的发展历程，并对美式英语的未来发展进行了展望。.阅读七选五Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. _1_ However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dogs li
32、fe, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.Some people say we live in a dogeatdog world. _2_ They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they be
33、came sick as a dog._3_ This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will
34、 not change the way they do things._4_ People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard (废品场) dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter th
35、e property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not
36、want it to rain too hard. _5_AStill, people say every dog has its day.BWe do not want it to rain cats and dogs.CSome people are compared to dogs in bad ways.DDogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people.EThere are many other expressions waiting for you to explore.FThat means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.GThey take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care.答案：15GFACB
