1、专题五动词时态和语态(一)语法讲练过知识关要点一现在时(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时)1一般现在时常用于的四种情况(1)表示习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态，常与usually，often，sometimes，every day，now and then等标志词连用。(2)表示不受时间限制的客观事实、客观规律或真理。(3)表示按时间表或时刻表已经拟定好或安排好的将要发生的事情或动作，这一动作不因个别人的意愿而改变。如：go，come，leave，arrive，start等。The train leaves at 6：30 every morning.这趟火车每天早晨六点半发车
2、。(4)在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中代替一般将来时。If it doesnt rain tomorrow，well have a trip.如果明天不下雨，我们将去旅行。2现在进行时所适用的两类动作(1)表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由“am/is/are现在分词”构成。请注意以下现在分词的变化形式：(2)现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go，come，leave，stay，start，arrive，land，meet，move，return，stay，stop，do等。“The moment is coming soon，” he t
3、hought to himself, waiting nervously.“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。3现在完成时态常用于的四种情形(1)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。常用的时间状语有：lately 近来recently 最近so far 到目前为止by now 到现在up to/till now 直到现在in the last/past few fays/years 在过去的几天/年里Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the wor
4、k will be finished on time.到目前为止工作进展很顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，常用的时间状语有：since时间点for时间段His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了好多好评。(3)在“It (This) is the first/second/third. timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。This is the first time th
5、at we have faced such a problem.这是我们第一次面对这样的问题。(4)在“It (This) is the best(worst，most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。This is the most interesting book Ive ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的一本书。热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Since 2011, the country _(grow)more corn than rice.解析考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。答案has gro
6、wn2(2018北京卷改编)Chinas highspeed railways _(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. 解析考查时态。根据句意：在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路已经从9000公里增加到25000公里。根据句中的in the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时。答案have grown3(2016北京卷改编)Jack _(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.解析考查句式be doing sth. . when“某人正在做另一件事
7、情突然发生”，故用was working。答案was working4(2016天津卷改编)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _(teach) a class at that time.解析句意：简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时候正在讲课。根据“3 oclock this afternoon”可知是将来某个时间点，故用将来进行时，表示将来的某个时间点正在做的事情。答案will be teaching5(2015天津卷改编)Despite the previous rounds of
8、 talks, no agreement _(reach) so far by the two sides. 解析由时间状语“so far”可知，应用现在完成时；又因主语agreement与reach之间是动宾关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。答案has been reached.单句改错1(2016全国卷改编)The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I was talking about what to do during the holiday._解析根据前文中的is coming，所以“我”和“我”的同学们应该是正在谈论假期应该怎么过
9、，故应把was改为are。答案wasare2(2016全国卷改编)Now I was leaving home to college.At last，I will be on my own._解析根据时间状语now，应该是“我”要离家去学校了，应用现在进行时表示将来。答案wasam3(2016浙江卷改编)While online shopping changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive._解析根据句意 “网络已经改变了我们的生活”，故在changed前加has。答案在changed前加has4(2015北京卷改编)
10、In the last few years, China made great achievements in environmental protection._解析根据时间状语“In the last few years”可知用现在完成时，故在made前加has。答案在made前加has5(2015全国卷)This cycle went day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the ou
11、tside temperatures. _解析根据此句的时态是一般现在时，因为this cycle为第三人称，故把went改为goes。答案wentgoes要点二过去时(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)1一般过去时的应用规则表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last year，last night，the other day，just now，then，two days ago，in 1999，at the time等。2过去进行时应用的三种情形(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或一直在进行的动作，常用的时间状语
12、有：at this/that time过去时间at. oclock过去时间from. to.过去时间those days那些日子just now刚才I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我正在做作业。(2)表示过去按计划、安排要做的事，常用于短暂性动词，多用于从句中。常见的该类动词有：go去，come来，leave离开，start开始，arrive到达，return返回，work工作James has just arrived, but I didnt know he was coming until yesterday.詹姆
13、斯刚到，但是直到昨天我才知道他会来。(3)表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle yesterday.我弟弟昨天骑自行车时从车上掉了下来。3过去将来时的概念理解过去将来时是指以过去的某一时间为参照物将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。除了使用“was/weredoing”外，还可以使用“woulddo”的形式。Did you predict that many students would sign up fo
14、r the dance competition?你预计会有很多学生将报名参加舞蹈比赛吗？4过去完成时的四种适用情形(1)表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，这一动作或状态可能一直持续到过去这一时刻，也可能将继续下去。常用的时间状语有：by then 到那时为止by that time 到那时候by the end of. 到(年/月)底until then 直到那时by the time从句 到时候(3)intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等动词的
15、过去完成时，可表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜之情。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本期望你能赢得这次比赛的。(实际上没有赢)(4)在Hardly/Scarcely. when.及No sooner. than. (一就)引导的固定句型中，主句常用过去完成时且用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时。Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.我一到公交车站，公交车就开了。热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)The Chinese M
16、inistry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _(start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 millions tons. 解析考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填started 。答案started2(2018全国卷)True to a gorillas unaggr
17、essive nature, the huge animals _(mean) me no real harm.解析考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。答案meant 3(2018北京卷改编)Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around.Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _(start) on Monday.解析考查时态。你好，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monda
18、y)发生的事。答案started4(2018江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _(carry out ) in the past two years. 解析考查时态。本句中主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句中应该使用过去时态中的某种时态；根据句中的时间状语可知，应该使用完成时态。因此空应用过去完成时。答案had been carried out5(2017全国卷). However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success an
19、d within six months. Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.解析此处表示后来，工程师们设法在一个深隧道系统建设铁路，这被称为Tube。根据上下文语境和句子的时间状语Later以及从句的谓语动词became可知，这里用一般过去时。本题是对动词时态的最基础知识的考查，做题时首先要注意句子的时间状语，其次注意其所含从句的动词时态，再结合句子意思，综合考虑确定所填动词的形式。答案managed.
20、单句改错1(2018全国卷I)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. _解析考查时态。根据前一句中的时间状语 “During my last winter holiday”可知为作者去年寒假的故事。所以此处应用一般过去时，故把find改为found。答案findfound 2(2018全国卷)When I was little, still I unwilling to play the
21、 game with them sometimes._解析考查谓语动词。此句缺谓语动词，是固定用法，be unwilling to do sth. 表示“不愿做某事”。结合语境和时态可知，应用一般过去时，故在第二个I后加was。答案在第二个I后加was3(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school._解析考查时态。描述过去发生的事应用一般过去时。答案arewere 4(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had ju
22、st begin._解析考查时态。根据语境可知，此处为过去完成时，故应用过去分词。答案beginbegun5(2016全国卷节选)However，my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me._解析根据上下文可知，应用一般过去时，所以应把tell改为told。答案telltold要点三将来时(一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时)1一般将来时的4种应用句式(1)“wi
23、ll/shall动词原形”表示不含主观因素，单纯的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，例如：later on 后来before long 不久以后，很快next week/month/year 下周/下个月/明年the day after tomorrow 后天(2)be going to do表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云。天要下雨了。(3)be to do表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将
24、发生的动作。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.10点前你们得交上论文。(4)be about to do表示立即要发生的动作，意为“正要”。Work was about to start on a new factory building.新厂房即将动工。2将来进行时的概念表示将来某个时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。其结构为：will/shall be doing。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，例如：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow明天/后天的这个时间(by) then那
25、时from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow明天/后天从1：30到4：30热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018江苏卷)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we _(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. 解析考查将来完成时。根据句意：在2025年我们有望不再互相发邮件，因为到那时候我们将已经开发了更加便利的电子沟通工具了。根据句中的时间状语2025与by the
26、n可知，空处应用将来完成时。答案will have developed2(2015北京卷改编)Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I _(call) him later.解析此处用将来时，表示立刻，马上做。答案will call3(2015天津卷改编)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _(board) with his mother at that time.解析此处用will be boarding表示以后的某个
27、时候正在做。答案will be boarding4(2015湖南卷改编)As you go through this book, you _(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience. 解析本句中as引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表示将来，故主句需用一般将来时。答案will find5(2014北京卷改编)What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute, I _(check) it for
28、you.解析根据句意可知答话者此刻也不知道几点，因此“我帮你看看”是接下来要发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。答案will check.单句改错1(2018青岛自主诊断)Mother promised she will buy me a bike._解析根据前面的promised可知，后面应用would，故把will改为would。答案willwould2(2018山师大附中模拟)The new secretary will supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives._解析此处考查固定短语，be supposed to do
29、sth.“应该做”。答案willis3(2018河南洛阳期末)Lets go out to play football, shall we?OK. I comes._解析此处表示我要过来了，故要用进行时态，故把comes改为am coming。答案comesam coming4(2018山西段考)It goes the year of the horse next year._解析根据时间状语next year，此处表示明年就要是马年了，故把goes改为is going to be。答案goesis going to be5(2018陕西期末)He is there at ten tomorr
30、ow morning._解析根据时间状语tomorrow morning ，此处应用将来时态，故把is改为will be。答案iswill be要点四被动语态的基本用法主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：happen/take place/occur (to) 发生remain 剩下break out 爆发last 持续come out 出版come up 被提出lose heart 失去信心date back to 追溯到run out 用完(2)read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，catch
31、，draw，cut，photograph，peel等表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的词，常与well，badly，easily，smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。This brand of knife is quite popular with customers, for it cuts well.因为这个品牌的刀子很好用，所以它在顾客中很受欢迎。(3)smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove，turn out，wear，blow等常用作连系动词，后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表被动意义。Her voice sounds beautiful.她的嗓音听
32、起来很美妙。(4)open，close，lock，move，keep等动词常与wont，cant，wouldnt，hardly，scarcely等连用，及表示“开始、结束”的动词，如：begin，start，finish，end等常用主动形式表示被动意义。The shop closes at 6 pm.every day.这个商店每天下午6点关门。热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018北京卷改编)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap) in the mountains for two days. 解析考查时态和
33、语态。根据句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山区两天的游客。根据语境可知，此处应用被动语态，且此处表示在过去动作之前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。答案had been trapped 2(2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 解析考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock与主语为被动关系，同时根据
34、后面的learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填was shocked。答案was shocked3(2017全国卷)When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析句意：当脂肪和食盐被从食物中去掉之后，食物尝起来就好像失去了什么一样。根据句意可知这里fat and salt和动词remove之间为动宾关系；由主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。答案are moved4(2017全国卷)Sarah _(tell) that she could be Brita
35、ins new super model，earning a million dollars in the next year.解析句意：Sarah被告知，她能够成为英国新的超级名模，在下一年收入一百万美元。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，tell与主语Sarah是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，故填was told。此处也可用现在完成时的被动语态，强调对现在造成的影响。答案has been told/was told5(2016江苏卷改编)More efforts，as reported, _(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side
36、structure reform.解析根据in the years这一介词短语，应用将来时，主语为More efforts，与动词make之间是被动关系，故应填will be made。答案will be made.单句改错1(2018天津卷改编)My washing machine was being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. _解析根据“因此我不得不用手洗衣服”可知洗衣机此时“正在被维修”，应该用现在进行时的被动语态。答案wasis2(2016全国卷节选)Every day he makes sure
37、 that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking._解析句意：每天他保证用新鲜的蔬菜和优质食用油来烹制食物。fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，故using改为used。答案usingused3(2016全国卷改编)Truly elegant chopsticks might made of gold and silver with Chinese characters._解析chopsticks与动词make之间应为被动关系，情态动词m
38、ight后面用动词原形，所以应在might后加be。答案在might后加be4(2016北京卷改编)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts rewarded with success in the end. _解析根据语境可知需用一般将来时；their efforts与reward之间为被动关系，故用被动语态，故在rewarded前加will be。答案在rewarded前加will be5(2015北京卷改编)Did you enjoy the party?Yes. We treated w
39、ell by our hosts. _解析根据对话内容可知所谈事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词treat之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时态的被动语态，故在treated前加were。答案在treated前加were(二)语法写作过应用关时态和语态在书面表达中的增分点增分技法1用好一般现在时、一般过去时与一般将来时我希望他度过一个愉快的生日。I hope that he has/will have a happy birthday.2正确使用现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成时过去几年中国发展得很快。China has developed rapidly in the past few years.
40、3掌握好与进行时相关的四种时态我没有听懂我们的老师说的什么，因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。I didnt catch what our teacher said, because I was thinking about something else.你不必买那么贵的手机。科技发展很快，即使最新的型号也会很快就过时。You neednt buy that expensive cellphone. As technology is developing very rapidly, even the newest model will be out of date soon.4利用“主将从现”的规律，
41、确保使用正确时态只要你不告诉别人，我就告诉你真相。I will tell you the truth as long as you keep it to yourself.5含有by引导的时间状语的句子的时态规律到上周末为止，我们已经栽了数百棵树。We had planted hundreds of trees by the end of last week.到目前为止，他们还没有找到令人满意的解决办法。They havent found a satisfactory solution by now.6正确使用被动语态的各种时态形式我们的教室每天都打扫。这些花每天都浇水。Our classro
42、om is cleaned every day. These flowers are watered every day.去年建的那座桥在这次洪水中坍塌了，有10人在这次事故中死亡。The bridge which was built last year collapsed in the flood and ten people were killed in the accident.7注意不用被动语态的几种情况我们的学校近两年发生了巨大的变化。Great changes have taken place in our school in the past two years.这本书在我们省很
43、好卖，现在已经卖出数千本了。This book sells well in our province, and thousands of copies have been sold out now.巧用增分我的表弟已经回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已经走了一个星期了。他在这里待了一个月。(cousin, go back home, stay)My_cousin_has_gone_back_home._He_went_home_last_week._He_has_been_away_for_a_week._He_stayed_here_for_a_month.上星期他没去青岛旅游，因为他以前曾经去
44、过。(visit Qingdao)He_didnt_visit_Qingdao_last_week,_because_he_had_been_there_before.既然你总是玩电子游戏，你怎能赶上别人呢？(how can, when, always, play video games)How_can_you_catch_up_with_others_when_you_are_always_playing_video_games?明天的这个时候我们就会在一起高兴地交谈。我迫不及待地想见到你。(talk together happily, cant wait to)Well_be_talkin
45、g_together_happily_at_this_time_tomorrow_and_I_cant_wait_to_see_you.专题过关训练.单句语法填空1(2018山东淄博一中模拟)During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils _(allow) to visit him in his prison.答案were allowed2(2018陕西西安中学模拟)In a word, mass media _(be) all the more important in the future and
46、their function will enormously expand.答案will be3(2018河南鹤壁高中模拟)In American high schools, subjects _(divide) into different levels.答案are divided4Weve got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet _(use) in the classroom.答案is being used/is used5The World Health Organization wants that mi
47、llions of people _(suffer) from indoor air pollution at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.答案are suffering6Though the interview _(go) well, it was impressed on him again that compared with the other candidates he didnt have the ability to get t
48、he job.答案went.单句改错1(2018山东淄博一中模拟)They had probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and think we might do the same._答案hadhave2(2018河南洛阳一中模拟)I am a member of the English Club, which is set up by the Student Union three years ago._答案iswas3(2018江西玉山一中模拟)I believe I would improve my English
49、by doing so and learn more about her country._答案wouldwill4(2018山东桓台二中模拟)In order to make my dream come true, I worked parttime to save money while I was studied at college._答案studiedstudying5(2018湖南石门一中模拟)I have told that one more volunteer will be needed this year and I think you are suitable for t
50、he job._答案在have后加been6(2018湖南衡阳八中模拟)As an archaeology student, I have already knew something about the Qin Tomb and the Terracotta Warriors._答案knewknown.写作训练1运用语法写靓句如果你想上重点大学，你的英语必须很优秀。(go, a key college, excellent)_这是到这个学校以来，我出席的最重要的讲座。(attend , since)_他2017年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。(move, live)_我本想帮你的，但当时
51、太忙了。(intend, but)_我正准备出门的时候我的一位老朋友来了。(go out, when)_到下个月底，他就已经学了3000个单词。(by the end of, learn)_答案If you are to go to a key college, your English must be excellent.It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. He moved here in 2017 and he has lived here ever since
52、.I had intended to help you, but I was too busy. I was about to go out when one of my old friends came. By the end of the next month, he will have learnt 3,000 words. 2语法填空(2018榆林模拟)The question was once asked of a _(success) businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime？” He replied, “I
53、have dreamed. I have turned my mind loose _(imagine) what I wanted to do. Then I went to bed and _(think) about my dreams. In the night I dreamed about my dreams. And when I awoke in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams real. While other people were saying, You cant do that, and it is _(poss
54、ible). I was well on my way to _(achieve) what I wanted, as Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of _ US said: We grow great by dreams.”All big men are dreamers. Some of us let these dreams die, _ others protect them and take care _ them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light
55、 which comes always to those who _(sincere) hope that their dreams will come true. So please, dont let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they are too unrealistic. “Sing your _(song), and dream your dreams; hope your hope and pray your prayer.”答案successfulto imaginethoughtimpossibleachievi
56、ngthebut/whileofsincerelysongs3短文改错(2018渭南模拟)The best advice I received in my childhood was from my dad. He always gives me some advice, but I seldom took them seriously. One day he was encouraged me to participate in a speech competition. So I signed up and after the competition, I did my best to b
57、e full prepared. But the moment I stood on the stage, I was too nervous that my mind completely went blank.The experience of lose a competition was really painful. Then, my dad said, “My son, life is like battlefield. You have to lose many time to win the final victory.” Thanks for his advice, I nev
58、er give up when I do anything.答案4写一篇短文(2018河南安阳模拟)假定你是李华，今年十月份即将去英国的布莱顿大学(Brighton University)留学。请 给你在布莱顿的网友Tom写一封英文电子邮件，让他介绍一下布莱顿这座城市，告知他你的租房需求并请他帮忙租房子。注意1.词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom，_Yours，Li Hua答案Dear_Tom，Im writing to tell you that well meet each other soon because Ill start my study in Br
59、ighton University this October.To make my stay there more comfortable, I wonder if you could do me a favor. First, I need to have a clear idea of the city of Brighton in advance, so would you please give me a brief introduction to it? Second, I want to live off campus while studying there. Therefore, could you please help me rent a onebedroom apartment with a kitchen and a bathroom?Looking forward to your early reply!Your，Li_Hua
