1、Unit 4 History and TraditionsReading and Thinking一、词汇运用1.chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的)首领；酋长the chief engineer 总工程师the chief architect 总建筑师拓展：an editorinchiefeditorsinchief 总编辑a sister-in-lawsisters-in-law嫂子/弟妹a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law姐夫/妹夫a grown-upgrown-ups成年人2.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑p
2、uzzlement n.迷惑，困惑be in a puzzle 不知如何是好，感到困惑solve a puzzle 解开谜团crossword puzzle 填字游戏puzzle over 仔细琢磨，冥思苦想puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)词语积累：puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，困惑的puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑-ed形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等；-ing形容词常说明事物的性质wear a puzzled expression带着疑惑的表情a puzzling fact令人费解的事实3.nearby adj.附近的；
3、邻近的 adv.在附近(没有比较等级)live nearby 住在附近a nearby town 附近的一个城镇拓展：nearby既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。a nearby hotela hotel nearby附近的一家旅馆4.defence n.防御；保卫defend v.防御，保护；辩解，辩护in defence of 为保卫；为辩护in ones defence 为某人辩护a defence against 对的防御物flood defences 防洪设施come to ones defence 出来保护某人词语积累：defend.from/against.保护免受defend
4、oneself against.为自己辩护The function of the medicine is to defend us from/against heart failure.这药的作用是预防心力衰竭。5.legal adj.法律的；合法的legally adv.合法地legal rights 合法权利legal documents 法律文件the legal profession/system 法律专业/体系take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议over the legal limit 超过法定值a legal adviser 法律顾问reach the legal
5、 age for drinking 到达喝酒的法定年龄legal fees 律师费用拓展：illegal adj.非法的，违法的illegal drugs违禁药品illegal activities非法活动illegal printing matter非法印刷品illegal publishing非法出版illegal publications非法出版物il是否定前缀，意为“不，非”6.surround vt.围绕；包围surrounding adj.附近的，四周的surroundings n.环境(复数)surround.with. 用包围be surrounded by/with. 被包围
6、/环绕surrounding atmosphere 周围空气surrounding area 周围地区surrounding environment 周围环境beautiful surroundings 美丽的环境拓展：surround oneself with 和在一起，与为伍enjoy/admire the surroundings 欣赏环境get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境7.evidence n.证据；根据；证明evident adj.明显的，显然的evidently adv.显然，明显地；清楚地look for/search for e
7、vidence 寻找证据find evidence 找到证据gather/collect evidence 收集证据hide evidence 隐藏证据give evidence (出庭)作证medical evidence 医学证据good/clear/strong evidence 充分的/明显的/有力的证据It is evident that.Evidently, . 很明显There is (some) evidence that. 有(一些)证据表明(that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容)8.achievement n.成就；成绩；达到achieve vt.
8、实现；(经过努力)取得，达到achievable adj.可实现的，可达到的make an achievement 取得成就a great/remarkable achievement 伟大的/了不起的成就quite an achievement 一项了不起的成就the achievement of ones aim 某人目标的实现a sense of achievement 成就感achieve success/victory 获得成功/胜利achieve a goal/an aim 实现/达到目标achieve ones dream 实现梦想拓展：ones achievement in.
9、某人在方面的成就make an achievement/achievements in doing sth. 在做某事方面取得成就9.location n.地方；地点；位置locate vt.找出的准确位置the exact/precise location 确切位置the geographical location 地理位置the location of the factory 工厂的位置a convenient/an ideal/a suitable location 方便的/理想的/合适的位置词语积累：(1)locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出的位置locate Berlin on t
10、he map在地图上找出柏林的位置(2)located adj.处于；位于；坐落在学法点拨：位于10.battle n.战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗(1)n.战役；搏斗a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争fight a(n).battle 打的仗accept the battle 应战(2)vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗battle against/with 与战斗battle against difficulties 和困难作斗争battle for equal rights 为争取同等权利而战battle f
11、or justice 为正义而斗争battle for life 为生存而战拓展：win/lose a battle 打赢/输掉一场仗battle for 为而战，为而奋斗fight for.为而战struggle for.为而斗争struggle agaist.与作斗争11.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的fascinate vt. & vi.深深吸引，迷住fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的a fascinating place 迷人的地方a fascinating book/story 引人入胜的书/故事look/sound fascinating 看上去
12、/听起来迷人be fascinating to sb. 令某人着迷拓展：fascinate vt.使着迷，迷住sth. fascinates sb.某事物使某人着迷/某物迷住某人sb. is fascinated by/with sth.某人对着迷be struck by.被所迷住/打动二、同步练习（一）1.There is no _ (证据) to support this theory.2.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to_ (征服) other parts of the world.3.Thoug
13、h they all live _ (在附近), I lost contact with them really quickly.4.She knew the exact _ (位置) of the college.5.You can exchange your _ (货币) for dollars in the hotel.（二）6.The scenery there is so _ (fascinate) that it is totally beyond description.7.Looking back, Diana owes her _ (achieve) to the goal
14、she set, and above all, the efforts she made.8.Men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in _ (defend) of their own homes.9._ (surround) by rows of trees, our school stands out from all the other buildings.10.In that country, children under sixteen are not _ (legal) allowed to buy cigarettes.答案以及解析二、（一）1.答案：evidence2.答案：conquer3.答案：nearby4.答案：location5.答案：currency（二）6.答案：fascinating7.答案：achievements8.答案：defence9.答案：Surrounded10.答案：legally7
