1、B4U21Dr Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。what is called super hybrid rice用做grows的宾语从句，为一名词性从句，也可称为whatclause；而且what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the名词定语从句”。After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。We now live in what i
2、s called the Information Age.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。He graduated from what was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。 即境活用1(1)(2008浙江卷)Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.Awhat BthatCwhich Done答案：A解析：句意：一些孩子想学习一门不同于家中父母所讲的语言来挑战自我。wh
3、at引导名词性从句，在句中做from的宾语。 (2)A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.Awhat BwhichCthat Dwhere答案：A解析：该句意为：一座现代化的城市在十年前是一片废墟的地方建立起来。2He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。Shall we dine out?
4、Id rather stay at home.我们要不要出去吃饭？我宁愿留在家里。Id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。(2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。I would rather listen to others than talk myself.我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。 (3)would rather hav
5、e done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。(4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。I would rather (that) he didnt come.我宁愿他没来。Id rather you told me the truth.我更愿意你给我讲实话。 即境活用2(1)Would you mind my using your computer for a little whi
6、le?_.ANo, please dont BId rather you didntCIm afraid not DSure, its my pleasure答案：B解析：考查交际用语。Id rather you didnt. 常用来委婉拒绝别人的请求。 (2)I would rather _ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.Anot have watched Bnot watchChadnt watched Dhavent w
7、atched答案：A解析：考查 would rather (not)have done 意为“宁愿(未)做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾。2. would rather的用法应用2(1)Did you say anything at the meeting?Yes, but _ it.AId rather not doBId rather not doingCId rather not have doneDId rather not did答案：C解析：would rather not have done，表示“宁愿没有做，而实际上做了”。 (2)Would you rather _ there t
8、omorrow?No. Id rather he _ there instead of me.Ato go; will go Bgo; wentCgo; will go Dgoing; shall go答案：B解析：Would you rather do sth.？“你愿意做吗？”因此第一个空要用动词原形；第二个空要用虚拟语气，即would rather sb. did sth.“宁愿别人做”。 (3)Will you join us in playing cards?Thank you, but _ at the moment.AId like to not BIm afraid soCId
9、 rather not DId better not to答案：C解析：A项中的not要放在to前才对；B项中的so要改为I cant才对；D项中的to应去掉才对。 (4)The final exam is coming. Would you mind my staying up late, going over my lessons?Id rather you _. With the light on, I cant fall asleep.Adont BdidntCwont Dhavent答案：B解析：“would rather从句”时，从句的谓语动词用过去时，选B。B4U31As Vic
10、tor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up_to_now_nobody has been able to do this better_than Charlie Chaplin. 维克多雨果曾经说过，“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天”。关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理卓别林做得更好。 (1)as在此引导定语从句，修饰后面整个句子，此时，定语从句的位置比较灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，译为“正如，正像”。As all his friends agree, he
11、 was unusually warmhearted, loving and generous.正如他所有的朋友都认为的那样，他非常热心、可亲、慷慨。I am as you can imagine short enough of money.正如你所想象的那样，我很缺钱。He was a teacher, as was clear from his manner.正如根据他的举止所断定的，他是一位老师。 (2)up to now 意为“迄今；到现在为止”，是多用于现在完成时的时间状语，常可与 until now, by now, so far 互换。Up to now, about 30 fo
12、reign companies have set up branches in this developing zone.到现在为止，已有大约30家外国公司在这个开发区设立了分公司。They have raised more than $1 000 000 for this project up to now/until now/so far.到目前为止，他们已经为这个项目筹集到一百多万美元了。 (3).nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.当形容词或副词的比较级出现在否定句中时，往往不表示否定的意义而是表示充分
13、的肯定。I think students should have more of their own time. Dont you think so?我认为学生应该有更多的属于他们自己的时间。你不这么认为吗？I cant agree more. (I completely agree.)完全赞同。 即境活用1Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?Thank you. _.AIt couldnt be betterBOf course you canCIf you like DIts up to you答案：A解析：It couldnt
14、be better. “再好不过了”，相当于 Its the best.2“Well, it certainly will be this morning，” the man said, “because I happen_to_be flying it！”“啊，那今天上午肯定要晚点了，”那人说，“因为碰巧我要驾驶那班飞机！”happen to do/be 碰巧句型 Sb. happens to do sth.可以转换成 It happens that sb. does sth.，但使用时要注意复合句中从句谓语的时态要与简单句中的动词不定式的形式相呼应。When I went to see h
15、im, he happened to be away on holiday.(When I went to see him, it happened that he was away on holiday.)我去看他时，他碰巧在外度假。Joseph came to borrow my skiing boards yesterday, but I happened to have lent them to my cousin last week.(.but it happened that I lent them to my cousin last week.)约瑟夫昨天来借滑雪板，不巧的是我上
16、星期借给我的表弟了。 即境活用2When the bridge fell down, several cars happened _ on it.Ato run BrunningCto be running Dthat they were running答案：C解析：句意：那座桥坍塌时，正巧有好几辆汽车正在上面行驶。happen to do 中不定式根据语境可选择不同的形式。3The tramp, a poor and homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, wornout shoes and a_small_round_blac
17、k_hat. 这个流浪汉，一个留着小胡子的穷苦的无家可归的人，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，头顶着黑色的小圆帽。a small round black hat 中的 hat前有三个形容词做定语，在英语中多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序是：限制词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)数词(序数词、基数词)描绘性形容词(nice, good, interesting, beautiful.)特征形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)颜色形容词国籍、出处物质、材料用途、类别中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺口溜来帮助记忆：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别紧跟着。all these las
18、t few years所有这些逝去的岁月some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花the first beautiful white Chinese military jeep第一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车 即境活用3Is it Jim who is driving the new car?Probably. I know he has recently bought a _ car.Ashiny black German Bblack shiny GermanCshiny German black Dblack German shiny答案：A解析：考
19、查形容词的排列顺序。B4U4Not_all_cultures greet each other the same way, nor_are_they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。 (1)not all.是部分否定，与 not构成部分否定的词还有：both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, wholl
20、y, altogether。Not every student passed the exam.并非所有的学生都通过了考试。Not all of us can speak English.并非我们都会说英语。提示：表示全部否定的词有：none, nobody, neither, never, nothing, nowhere, no one, not at all。 (2)本句后半句是 nor 引起的倒装句，nor 位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。She doesnt like dance, nor does her sister.她不喜欢跳舞，她姐姐也不喜欢。归纳拓展：含有否定意义的词置于句首
21、往往引起部分倒装：含有否定意义的副词放在句首，如：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等。Never before has our country been as united as it is today. 我们国家从没像现在这样团结。含有否定意义的连词置于句首，如： neither.nor, no sooner.than., scarcely.when., hardly.when.等。No sooner had he left home than it began to rain.他一出家门天就开始下雨。含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首，如：
22、 by no means, in no time, in no case, on no account等。On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.你无论如何不能违背自己的良心而得到钱财。 即境活用(2008辽宁卷)Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by John, and _.AI was neither Bneither was ICI was either Deither was I答案：B解析：考查 neither 用于句首，倒装。1Whic
23、hever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!不管你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总有一个主题公园适合你！whichever和 whatever 的用法(1)whichever 无论哪一个，任何一个。既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。no matter which (whichever) 只能引导让步状语从句。whatever 不管/无论什么。既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。no matter what (whatever) 只能引导让步状语从句。whoever 无论谁，任何人。既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步
24、状语从句。no matter who(whoever)只能引导让步状语从句。 Take whatever you want.你可以拿你想要的任何东西。(no matter what，引导宾语从句)The content is the same, whichever book you choose.不管你选哪一本书，内容都是一样的。(no matter which, 引导让步状语从句) Whatever he does seems wrong in his fathers eyes.无论他做什么，在他父亲看来都是错的。(no matter what，引导主语从句)Whatever she doe
25、s to him, he still loves her.无论她怎样对他，他都爱她。(no matter what，引导让步状语从句) Whoever (No matter who) asks him for advice, he is always ready to help.不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。Whoever(No matter who) breaks the law should be punished. 任何犯法的人都该受到惩罚。提示：whichever和 whatever的区别在于：前者通常有范围，而后者没有范围。 (2)“no matterwh结构”只能引导让步状语从句
26、，都可用相应的 whever 代替。no matter wherewherever 无论哪里no matter whenwhenever 无论何时no matter howhowever 无论怎样 Come and see me whenever( no matter when) its convenient to you.你何时方便，何时就来看我。 Wherever (No matter where) you go, whatever (no matter what) you do and I will be right here waiting for you.无论你去何方，无论你做何事，
27、我就在这儿等你。However (No matter how) difficult it is, we must complete the task.不论多么难，我们都要完成任务。即境活用1_team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.ANo matter whatBNo matter whichCWhatever DWhichever解析：whichever引导名词性从句，在句中充当定语，此时不能换成 no matter which。句意为“无论哪个队在周六获胜都将直接参加全国锦标赛”。答案：D2Wi
28、th all these attractions, no_wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. 有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会发展。(It is) No wonder (that). 难怪；并不奇怪(It is) No wonder you were late! 难怪你来晚了！(It is) No wonder that he was so tired!难怪他这么累！拓展：(1)It is a wonder that.令人惊奇的是(2)What a wonder!多么令人惊异！/
29、真想不到！(3)wonder at/about 对疑惑/奇怪wh从句whto do奇怪；想知道if.用于请求别人做某事或请求对方许可，语气委婉It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a tenstoried building.他从一幢十层楼的楼顶上摔下来，但仍然活着，真是一个奇迹。I wonder at his rudeness.我对他的粗鲁感到奇怪。He wondered why people built ugly houses, when they could have built beau
30、tiful ones.他很奇怪为什么人们本可以造出漂亮的房屋，而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子来。She was wondering whether to go back or stay.她不知是回去好还是留下来好。I wonder if youll help me with the luggage.我想知道你是否能帮我提这些行李。 即境活用2He hasnt slept at all for three days. _ he is tired out.AThere is no point BThere is no needCIt is no wonder DThere is no way解析：由题意“
31、他已经三天没睡觉了。难怪他都累坏了”，选C。A“没有意义”；B“没有必要”；D“没门”。答案：C3. ever与no matter wh的用法 应用3(1)(2008全国)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _ the season.Awhatever BwhereverCwhenever Dhowever解析：句意：无论什么季节，这位律师除了一套西装以外，很少穿其他的。whatever引导让步状语从句，whatever the season即whatever the season is。wherever“无论什么地方”；whe
32、never“无论什么时候”；however“无论怎样”，均不符合语境要求。答案：A(2)(2008浙江)_ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.AAnyone BThe oneCWhoever DWho解析：句意：任何一个想住在旅馆里的人必须支付自己的费用。whoever此处引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who。anyone和the one后少who, who引导定语从句，故被排除。答案：C (3)(2008上海)_ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in
33、 mountain climbing.AHowever BWhateverCNo matter DAlthough解析：句意：无论你做的准备多么充分，在爬山时，你仍会需要很多运气。however well prepared you areno matter how well prepared you are，引导让步状语从句。答案：A (4)(2007山东)Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please?Aanyone BsomeoneCwhoever Dno matter who解析：本题考查whoever和no matter who的区别。句意：我可以同负责管理国际销售部的人谈一谈吗？句中to为介词，其后是名词性从句，而从句中缺少主语和关联词，故选择C。D项只能引导状语从句。答案：C
