1、同济大学第一附属中学 2021-2022 学年第二学期期中考试I. Grammar and Vocabulary (45 分)Section A (15 分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the
2、 other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women _1_ (search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance
3、 did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, _2_ means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.The Romance languages _3_ (compose) of seven groups of languages that
4、all have Latin _4_ their basis. These languages include French. Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke _5_ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is th
5、e chief source of the Romance languages.Medieval Romances were tales _6_ (write) primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought _7_ (develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was no
6、t a love story _8_ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period _9_ (include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novel
7、s written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (欺骗) _10_ and one always ends by deceiving Othos. That is what the world calls a romance.”【答案】1. searching
8、2. which 3. are composed 4. as 5. what 6. written 7. to have developed 8. but 9. included 10. oneself#himself【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是浪漫的起源。【1题详解】考查现在分词。句意：它讲述了三个年轻的美国女人在罗马寻找永恒的爱情，她们都找到了。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语形式，women和search是主谓关系，空格处用现在分词表主动，故填searching。【2题详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：罗曼史一词在拉丁语中从罗马语演变到罗马语中的Roman
9、icus，再到古法语的romanz escrive，意思是“用罗曼语写作”，然后再到英语罗曼史。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词the Old French romanz escrive是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。【3题详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：罗曼语由七种以拉丁语为基础的语言组成。句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，be composed of是固定短语，意为“由.组成”，主语languages是复数，因此空格处是are composed，故填are composed。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：罗曼语由七种以
10、拉丁语为基础的语言组成。have.as the basis是固定短语，意为“由为基础”，因此空格处是介词as，故填as。【5题详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：古罗马平民讲的是通俗拉丁语，是一种非正式的语言，与受过良好教育的人讲的古典拉丁语相反。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代语言，因此引导词用what，故填what。【6题详解】考查过去分词。句意：中世纪传奇小说主要是用法国诗歌写的关于勇敢英雄的故事。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是were，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，tales和write之间为被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填written。【7题详解
11、】考查不定式。句意：与另一个人发生浪漫关系的概念被认为是在中世纪的某个时候发展起来的。sb. /sth. be thought to do是固定短语，意为“某人/某物被认为要做某事”，因此空格处是不定式，概念已经发展完了，因此空格处用不定式的完成式，即to have done，故填to have developed。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：在18世纪末一直到19世纪，浪漫不是爱情故事，而是包含牵强、神秘事件的散文式小说。根据语境可知，句子意为“浪漫不是爱情故事，而是包含牵强、神秘事件的散文式小说”，not.but.是固定短语，意为“不是.而是.”，故填but。【9题详解】考查时态。句意：这
12、一时期的浪漫小说包括英国哥特式小说，如贺拉斯沃波尔的奥特朗托城堡。句子描述过去的动作，因此时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式included，故填included。【10题详解】考查反身代词。句意：当一个人恋爱时，他总是以欺骗自己开始，以欺骗奥索结束。根据语境可知，句子表示“当一个人恋爱时，他总是以欺骗自己开始”，因此空格处是“某人自己或他自己”，即oneself/himself，故填oneself/himself。Section B (30 分)(A)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. E
13、ach word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. destructive B. relatives C. experts D. contribute E. particularlyF. fearful G. gently H. assist I. respond J. species K. equivalentCats: Human CompanionsCats have a reputation for being colder and less cuddly (令人想拥抱的)
14、than their counterparts-dogs. Cats may not be able to speak English but they do have many other ways in which they can interact with people. In fact, cats are animals which can solve problems just like any other highly developed _11_. They form close relationships with their owners and provide a sen
15、se of companionship, _12_ for women. In fact, the findings of one Austrian study show that owning a cat is the emotional_13_ of being in a romantic relationship.Some people feel silly talking to their pets, since, of course, they cant _14_. But interacting with your feline (猫科的) companion has proven
16、 health benefits. Not only does talking to your cat improve your bond, but its also said to be beneficial for your mental health by helping improve your mood, reduce stress, and fight against loneliness.Cats are _15_ at sleeping, so its perhaps no surprise that they can help improve your sleep, too.
17、 A Mayo Clinic study found that people who slept with their pets in the same room were almost twice as likely to get a good nights rest, with only 20 percent saying they found their pets presence_16_.Cats may not be able to help with the housekeeping, but they can _17_ in keeping your house free of
18、mice. It turns out theres some truth behind the cartoon cat-and-mouse chase. When mice smell certain proteins in cat saliva (唾液) , they become _18_ and therefore avoid the area.Its important for children to learn to care for and look after a living thing, just as their parents take care of them. Cat
19、s can help children develop social skills as they learn to approach the feline _19_. Looking after a cat also encourages a sense of responsibility.In addition to filling your heart with love, cats can _20_ to keeping your heart healthy. Numerous studies have shown that owning a cat can help reduce b
20、lood pressure and heart rate, lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and thereby reduce the risk of having a heart attack or stroke.【答案】11. J 12. E 13. K 14. I 15. C 16. A 17. H 18. F 19. G 20. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了养猫给我们带来的一些好处。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，猫和其他高度发达的物种一样，是能够解决问题的动物。空处应用名词species做介词like的
21、宾语，意为“物种”，且名词species单复数同形，故选J。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：它们与主人形成亲密的关系，并提供陪伴感，尤其是对女性而言。此处应用副词作状语，意为“尤其；特别”，应用副词particularly，故选E。【13题详解】考查名词。句意： 事实上，奥地利的一项研究结果表明，养猫在情感上等同于恋爱。此处应用名词equivalent做表语，意为“对等的人（物）”，且由前面的is可知，应用单数，故选K。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：有些人觉得和他们的宠物说话很傻，当然是因为，它们不能回应我们。此处应用动词respond，意为“回应”，放在情态动词cant后面，做谓语动词，故选I
22、。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：猫是睡眠方面的专家，所以它们能帮助改善你的睡眠也就不足为奇了。空处应用名词expert做表语，意为“专家”，且由are可知，应用复数，故选C。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：Mayo诊所的一项研究发现，与宠物睡在同一个房间的人，晚上睡个好觉的可能性几乎是其他人的两倍，只有20 的人说他们发现宠物的存在是有害的。此处应用形容词destructive做宾语补足语，修饰 their pets presence，意为“有害的；破坏的”，故选A。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：猫可能不能帮忙做家务，但是它们可以帮助你的房子远离老鼠。assist in doing sth.意
23、为“帮助做某事”，由情态动词can可知，此处应用动词原形assist，故选H。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：当老鼠闻到猫唾液中的某些蛋白质时，它们会感到害怕，因此会避开这个区域。此处应用形容词fearful做表语，意为“害怕的”，故选F。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：猫可以帮助儿童发展社会技能，因为他们会学习轻轻地接近猫。此处应用副词gently修饰动词approach(接近)，意为“轻轻地”，故选G。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：除了让你的心充满爱之外，猫还有助于保持你的心脏健康。contribute to意为“有助于”，to是介词，且由前面的情态动词can可知，此处应用动词原形contr
24、ibute，故选D。(B)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. ambition B. approached C. inadequately D. occurred E. personally F. potentialG. published H. refresher I. reluctance J. struggled K.
25、traditionalThe last hurrahThe turn of the year is traditionally the time for reviewing ones life, and perhaps for making some resolutions as to what to concentrate on in the coming year; and for many years past I have taken advantage of the holiday period to review my own goal and _21_.One thing I d
26、id decide to do this year, with some _22_, was to give up writing the Grumpy Old Bookman column in this magazine. Its not that Ive lost interest in the book world, you understand. But Leonard Woolf, husband of writer Virginia Woolf, used to say that a man should change his career every seven years.
27、Though _23_ I would say that changing your whole career so often is going a bit far, I did find, during my own working life, that it acts as a great _24_ if you can occasionally try a new job within the same organisation or line of business.It is in fact well over ten years since our editor wrote to
28、 me and asked if I would be interested in writing a regular piece about what was, even then, a rapidly changing publishing scene. He _25_ me because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blog called, amazingly enough, Grumpy Old Bookman.As my monthly survey of developments in both _26_ and digital
29、 publishing continued, in this magazine, I began to realise that writers in this century, of both fiction and non-fiction, are living in something close to a paradise. Once, you _27_ for years to find a publisher or an agent if you wanted one but now you can publish your own stuff, either digitally
30、or in paperback, without it costing you a penny piece. Amazing.After about five years of producing such columns, at just under a thousand words a time, it _28_ to me that, rather than let these essays drift away on the seas of time, it might be of value to _29_ readers to publish my thoughts and com
31、ments in book form. Hence, in 2014, I _30_ the first 69 GOB columns in paperback format, using Amazons Create space facilities. Title: Writers Rejoice! A monthly diary of the dawn of the digital age.【答案】21. A 22. I 23. E 24. H 25. B 26. K 27. J 28. D 29. F 30. G【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者多年来一直利用假期来审视自己的
32、目标和抱负，今年准备放弃自己的专栏开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，让潜在读者受益。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：传统上，新年伊始是回顾人生的时刻，也可能是决定来年要集中精力做些什么的时候；多年来，我一直利用假期来审视自己的目标和抱负。根据上文“review my own goal and”以及作宾语，表示“抱负”应用名词ambition。故填ambition。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：今年我决定做的一件事，是不情愿地放弃在这本杂志上写“脾气暴躁的老布克曼”专栏。根据后文“was to give up writing the Grumpy Old Bookman column
33、 in this magazine”以及句意“不情愿”可知应填名词reluctance，作宾语。故填reluctance。故选I。【23题详解】考查副词。句意：虽然就我个人而言，频繁地改变你的整个职业生涯有点太过分了，但我确实发现，在我自己的工作生涯中，如果你能偶尔尝试一下同一组织或业务领域的新工作，这是一个很好的复习。根据后文“I would say that changing your whole career so often is going a bit far”以及句意“个人而言”可知应填副词personally，作状语。故填personally。故选E。【24题详解】考查名词。句意
34、：虽然就我个人而言，频繁地改变你的整个职业生涯有点太过分了，但我确实发现，在我自己的工作生涯中，如果你能偶尔尝试一下同一组织或业务领域的新工作，这是一个很好的复习。根据后文“if you can occasionally try a new job within the same organisation or line of business”以及句意“复习”可知应填单数名词refresher，作宾语。故填refresher。故选H。【25题详解】考查动词。句意：他找到我是因为，从2004年开始，我一直在定期写一篇博客，令人惊讶的是，它的名字叫Grumpy Old Bookman。根据上文“
35、It is in fact well over ten years since our editor wrote to me and asked if I would be interested in writing a regular piece about what was, even then, a rapidly changing publishing scene.(事实上，自从我们的编辑写信给我，问我是否有兴趣定期写一篇关于当时迅速变化的出版业的文章以来，已经过去十多年了)”以及句意“接洽，联系”可知应填动词approach，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填approached
36、。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：随着我每月对传统出版和数字出版发展的调查继续进行，在这本杂志上，我开始意识到本世纪的作家，无论是虚构的还是非虚构的，都生活在接近天堂的地方。根据后文“and digital publishing”以及句意“传统”可知应填形容词traditional，故填traditional。故选K。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：曾经，你要努力花上数年时间才能找到出版商如果你想找，也可以找代理商但现在你可以出版自己的东西，不管是电子版的还是平装本的，而且不用花一分钱。根据后文“for years to find a publisher”以及句意“努力”可知应填动词st
37、ruggle，作谓语，结合语境可知为一般过去时。故填struggled。故选J。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：五年以来，我一直在写这样的专栏，每次的字数都不到一千字，我突然意识到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中随风而去，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，对潜在的读者来说可能会有价值。结合句意表示“突然意识到”可知句型为it occurred to sb. that。故填occurred。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词。句意：五年以来，我一直在写这样的专栏，每次的字数都不到一千字，我突然意识到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中随风而去，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，对潜在的读者来说可
38、能会有价值。根据后文“readers to publish my thoughts and comments in book form”以及句意“潜在的”可知应填形容词potential，作定语。故填potential。故选F。【30题详解】考查动词。句意：因此，在2014年，我使用亚马逊的Create空间设施，以平装本的形式发布了前69篇GOB专栏。根据后文“the first 69 GOB columns in paperback format”以及句意“出版”可知应填动词publish，结合上文in 2014可知用一般过去时。故填published。故选G。II. Reading Com
39、prehension (45 分)Section A (15 分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Concerns about the harm caused by “too much” screen timeparticularly when it is spent on so
40、cial mediaare widespread. But working out what a “healthy” _31_ might be is far from easy.Some negative experiences on social medialike _32_ how your appearance compares to othersdo affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in _33_ is harmful and it is difficult to make c
41、laims about how it will affect different people.Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on childrens _34_ comfort, including happiness, mental health and social life. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a
42、 more _35_ effect.The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to _36_ comfortpossibly because it was important for keeping up friendships.
43、_37_, among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some screen time could be good for childrens mental health.A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the stor
44、y is not _38_. An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually _39_ the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television
45、 or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater _40_ of friendship or emotional problems.So how much time should our children spend looking at screens?
46、 It is difficult to be _41_ as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people _42_ that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the pers
47、on and the amount. We would not _43_ trust anyone who claims to predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for _44_ usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very _45_ predictions are possible.31. A. amountB. comparisonC. experienceD. medium3
48、2. A. accounting forB. boasting ofC. commenting onD. worrying about33. A. generalB. particularC. privateD. public34. A. domesticB. materialC. physicalD. psychological35. A. complexB. dramaticC. harmlessD. predictable36. A. improvedB. maximumC. relativeD. small37. A. As a ruleB. In contrastC. On the
49、wholeD. Worse still38. A. convincingB. definiteC. probableD. true39. A. estimatingB. experiencingC. reducingD. tracing40. A. connectionB. powerC. promotionD. risk41. A. balancedB. independentC. preciseD. subjective42. A. agreeB. forgetC. objectD. remember43. A. equallyB. readilyC. reluctantlyD. weak
50、ly44 A. emotion therapyB. social mediaC. TV broadcastingD. video game45. A. confidentB. optimisticC. roughD. wild【答案】31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以很难精确地界定一个健康的屏幕时间的量。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间（尤
51、其是在社交媒体上）会造成伤害。但要弄清楚一个“健康”的量是多么的不容易。A. amount数量；B. comparison比较；C. experience经验；D. medium媒介。空前说人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间会造成伤害，再结合下文的研究可知，要弄清楚一个健康的屏幕时间的量很不容易，故A项正确。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：社交媒体上的一些负面经历，比如担心自己的外貌与别人的比较，确实会影响一些孩子。A. accounting for导致；B. boasting of吹嘘；C. commenting on评述；D. worrying about担心。根据空后的“how you
52、r appearance compares to othersdo affect some children.”可知，担心自己的外貌与别人的比较会对一些孩子造成影响，故D项正确。【33题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这并不意味着（数字）技术的普遍使用是有害的，而且很难断言它如何影响不同的人。A. in general通常、普遍；B. in particular特别、尤其；C. in private私下；D. in public当众。根据常识可知，数字技术是现代社会的人们普遍使用的，故A项正确。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想联合国儿童基金会所描述的关于数字技术对儿童心理安慰的
53、影响的研究，包括幸福、心理健康和社会生活。A. domestic国内的；B. material物质的；C. physical体力的；D. psychological心理的。根据空后的“including happiness, mental health and social life.”可知此处指“心理安慰”，故D项正确。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它没有说社交媒体有害，而是表明了一种更复杂的影响。A. complex复杂的；B. dramatic引人注目的；C. harmless无害的；D. predictable可预言的。根据下文对其研究发现的介绍可知，联合国儿童基金会的研究表
54、明社交媒体对儿童的影响很复杂，故A项正确。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，在那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年中，增加使用电子产品的时间可能与提高舒适度有关，因为这对维持友谊很重要。A. improved改进的、提高的；B. maximum最大极限的；C. relative相关的；D. small小的。根据空后的“possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships.”可知，因为这对维持友谊很重要，所以对那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年来说，增加使用电子产品的时间会提高舒适度，故A项正确。【37题详解】考查介词短语
55、辨析。句意：相比之下，在使用科技产品最多的人群中，任何时间的增加都与舒适程度的降低有关。A. As a rule照例；B. In contrast相比之下、与此相反；C. On the whole大体上；D. Worse still更糟的是。根据语境可知，此处是与那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年的对比，故B项正确。38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对其他一些高质量研究提供的证据进行更广泛的研究再次表明，这一说法并不能站得住脚。A. convincing令人信服的；B. definite一定的、确切的；C. probable可能的；D. true正确的。根据下文对2013年的一项早期研究结果的
56、介绍可知，空前说的一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项正确。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是为数不多的追踪技术的影响随时间变化的研究之一。A. estimating评估；B. experiencing体验；C. reducing减少；D. tracing追踪。空前说2013年的一项早期研究调查了11000名英国5岁儿童的电视和视频游戏习惯两年后对他们的影响，这说明这项研究追踪了技术的影响随时间变化，故D项正确。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，玩电子游戏并没有被认为会导致更大的友谊或情感问题的风险。A. connection连接；B. power
57、力量；C. promotion提升；D. risk风险。根据空后的“of friendship or emotional problems”可知此处指“友谊或情感问题的风险”，故D项正确。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么我们孩子的屏幕时间应该是多少呢？由于不同的孩子在网上花费时间的方式不同，所以很难准确地界定。A. balanced平衡的；B. independent独立的；C. precise明确的、精确的；D. subjective主观的。不同的孩子在网上花费时间的方式不同，所以很难准确地界定孩子健康的屏幕时间的量，故C项正确。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，人
58、们都认为过多的糖对健康有害。A. agree同意；B. forget忘记；C. object反对；D. remember记得。根据空后的“that too much sugar can be bad for your health”可知，一般来说，人们都会同意过多的糖是对健康有害的，故A项正确。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们不会轻易相信那些声称能预测一克糖对人的影响的人。A. equally平等地；B. readily容易地；C. reluctantly勉强；D. weakly无力地。空前说它可能产生的效果取决于从糖的种类到人以及糖的量等许多因素，所以我们不会再轻易相信那些声称能预
59、测一克糖对人的影响的人，故B项正确。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体的使用也是如此：结果取决于如此多的因素，以至于只能粗略地预测。A. emotion therapy情绪疗法；B. social media社交媒体；C. TV broadcasting电视广告；D. video game视频游戏。本文主要讲的就是社交媒体的屏幕时间，故B项正确。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. confident自信的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. rough粗略的；D. wild荒凉的。社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以不能精确地说出一个健康的屏幕时间，只能是粗略地
60、预测，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第8空难度较大，抓住空后介绍的2013年的那项早期研究的结果是关键，根据“It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day.”可知，这项研究表明，与工作日看电视时间不超过一小时的儿童相比，每天看电视时间超过三小时的儿童的
61、行为问题略有增加，这说明上文说的“一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康”这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项definite正确。Section B（22 分）Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the in
62、formation given in the passage you have just read.(A)For over a century, throwing a pie into someones face has been a comedy element, thanks in part to Keystone. Established in 1912 by director Mack Sennett, the studio had a hand in making pie-throwing common.This phenomenon can be traced back befor
63、e the earliest days of pre-1920s silent film. The fun of seeing an elegant dessert hit an actor, and watching them react with either anger or confusion, soon made its way to the screen. In 1913, Sennetts “Fatty” launched the first such missile in a Keystone film. Soon, the studio became known for pi
64、e-throwing trick, and the high-flying desserts flew so freely that the studio needed its own bakery to make them.The answer turned out to be right across the street. Sarah Brener owned a variety store there, but she also supplied the studio with its pies. Sometimes, they were delicious. Charlie Chap
65、lin said that Breners pies were the best in town. But often, they had to be specially made for films. As pie fights in film grew more complicated, Breners bakery was soon making nothing else.Filmmakers preferred custard (蛋奶沙司) pies for throwing. They were appropriately messy and, likely less painful
66、 than a cherry pie would be to the face. But by the time the 1920s rolled around, people had grown tired of them.Widespread pie-throwing faded, but it didnt die completely: Comedic films and animation alike have been peppered with pieing ever since, from Bugs Bunny to the Three Stooges. In 2015, a p
67、art of film history had been re-discovered: “The Battle of the Century”, where 3,000 pies sailed through the air. It was supposed to be the pie fight to end all others, but in 1965 the film “The Great Race” promised viewers “the greatest pie fight in history.” Thousands of real pies were used.Now, t
68、he Keystone building is a storage facility, and Breners bakery is long gone. But the studios influence lives on in film, in the occasional throwing of a pie, and on a plate on the corner of the mere remaining building that reads:“This was the birthplace of the motion picture comedy.”46. Which of the
69、 following is true about pie-throwing?A. By1912 it had become surprisingly common.B. The audience was angry or confused while seeing it.C. It stimulated citizens great demand for pies.D. Keystone contributes to its being part of a comedy.47. With the increasing complexity of pie fight in film, Brene
70、rs bakery _.A. changed its sales policyB. specialized in making piesC. sold a variety of food besides piesD. made its pies famous nationwide48. Several films are mentioned in paragraph 5 in order to _.A. pie-throwing was no longer appealingB. more pies are used in modern films than in silent onesC.
71、viewers are dissatisfied with seeing just one scene of pie-throwingD. pie-throwing can still be found in some kind of films49. What is the passage mainly about?A. The future development of comedic films.B. The history of pie-throwing in films.C. The fascinating past of Keystone.D. The birthplace of
72、motion picture comedies.【答案】46. D 47. B 48. D 49. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了喜剧电影中扔馅饼的现象可以追溯到20世纪20年代以前的无声电影，以及其发展演变。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“For over a century, throwing a pie into someones face has been a comedy element, thanks in part to Keystone.(一个多世纪以来，把馅饼扔到别人脸上一直是一种喜剧元素，这在一定程度上要归功于Keystone)”可知，D选项“Ke
73、ystone让它成为喜剧的一部分”正确。故选D。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Soon, the studio became known for pie-throwing trick, and the high-flying desserts flew so freely that the studio needed its own bakery to make them.(很快，这家工作室就因投掷馅饼的把戏而闻名，高空飞行的甜点如此自由，以至于工作室需要自己的面包店来制作它们)”可知，随着电影中馅饼大战的日益复杂，布伦纳的面包店专门制作馅饼。故选B。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第
74、五段“Widespread pie-throwing faded, but it didnt die completely: Comedic films and animation alike have been peppered with pieing ever since, from Bugs Bunny to the Three Stooges. In 2015, a part of film history had been re-discovered: “The Battle of the Century”, where 3,000 pies sailed through the a
75、ir. It was supposed to be the pie fight to end all others, but in 1965 the film “The Great Race” promised viewers “the greatest pie fight in history.” Thousands of real pies were used.(大范围的扔馅饼行为已经消失了，但它并没有完全消失：从那以后，从兔八哥到活宝三人组，喜剧电影和动画电影中都有撒满馅饼的场景。 2015年，电影史的一部分被重新发现：“世纪之战”，3000个馅饼在空中飞行。 它本应是终结其他一切的馅饼
76、大战，但1965年的电影大竞赛向观众承诺，这将是“历史上最伟大的馅饼大战”。他们用了数千个真正的派)”可推知，在第5段中提到了几部电影，是为了说明在某些类型的电影中仍然可以找到扔馅饼的现象。故选D。【49题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“For over a century, throwing a pie into someones face has been a comedy element, thanks in part to Keystone. Established in 1912 by director Mack Sennett, the studio had a hand in ma
77、king pie-throwing common.(一个多世纪以来，把馅饼扔到别人脸上一直是一种喜剧元素，这在一定程度上要归功于Keystone。该工作室于1912年由导演Mack Sennett创立，参与制作了投掷馅饼的活动)”结合文章主要讲述了喜剧电影中扔馅饼的现象可以追溯到20世纪20年代以前的无声电影，以及其发展演变。可知，这篇文章主要讲了电影中扔馅饼的历史。故选B。(B)New technology means that we no longer have to wait for anything. Therefore, you would expect waiting rooms
78、to be filled with a lot of people complaining. However, a newspaper survey suggests that people regard these spaces as a place of refuge, a window in their tightly scheduled lives. Here are some of the stories that people told.A Ella Doroudy, subway station. Friday 5 p.m.Weve been at the beach all d
79、ay, and now were on our way home. We dont have to wait very long, because we checked the schedule so we got here with about 15 minutes to spare. I just hang out and chat with my friends until the train comes. Waiting with other people is easier because its easier to kill time when you have someone t
80、o talk to.B Caroline Lacey, dentists office. Tuesday 3 p.m.I dont really get nervous about a visit to the dentist, but since these two fillings came out Ive been in great pain. The office is bright and cheerful, so its pretty calming. I usually pass the time by browsing through magazines. Ive been c
81、oming to the dentist only when I need to, but Im going to have to start coming regularly. C Renata Oliveira, model casting. Tuesday 2 p.m.I was a little bit late today, which ended up being OK because some of these girls have been waiting for hours. You cant help but look around at everyone elseyou
82、look at the other girls and think: “I wonder if theyll like her better than they like me.” While Im waiting, Im thinking: “Oh, come on. I dont have all day!” D Paul Thomas, hospital, waiting room. Wednesday 2 p.m.I feel pretty all right while Im waiting here, to be honest. Its something Ive been doi
83、ng since my motorcycle accident seven years ago. Ive had about 32 operations so far. This time Im here for one more in my foot. Its no use coming in thinking youre going to escape in five minutes, so I just sit back and people watch.50. What are the four people talking about?A. How they like to wait
84、.B. Why they hate waiting.C. Unhappy experience of waiting.D. Different reasons for waiting long.51. Which of the following people kill the waiting time by talking with others?A. Ella Doroudy.B. Caroline Lacey.C. Renata Oliveira.D. Paul Thomas.52. Which of the following statements is true according
85、to the passage?A. Ella Doroudy waited at the subway station for more than half an hour.B. Caroline Lacey doesnt think the dentists office is relaxing enough.C. Renata Oliveria failed in the model competition because she was late.D. Paul Thomas has got accustomed to waiting in the waiting room.【答案】50
86、. A 51. A 52. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，你会认为等候室里会挤满很多抱怨的人，但实际上有些人把等候室视为避难所。50题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中“Therefore, you would expect waiting rooms to be filled with a lot of people complaining. However, a newspaper survey suggests that people regard these spaces as a place of refuge, a window in their tightly sche
87、duled lives. Here are some of the stories that people told. (因此，你会认为等候室里会挤满很多抱怨的人。然而，一份报纸的调查显示，人们把这些等候室视为避难所，是他们安排严密的生活中的一扇窗户。下面是人们讲的一些故事)”和下面四个关于在等候室等待的故事可知，文章主要谈论，有些人把等候室视为避难所，喜欢等待。故选A项。【51题详解】细节理解题。由A Ella Doroudy中的“I just hang out and chat with my friends until the train comes. Waiting with othe
88、r people is easier because its easier to kill time when you have someone to talk to. (我只是出去和朋友聊天，直到火车来。与其他人一起等待更容易，因为当你有人交谈时，消磨时间更容易)”可知，Ella Doroudy通过与他人交谈来打发等待时间。故选A项。【52题详解】细节理解题。由D Paul Thomas中的“I feel pretty all right while Im waiting here, to be honest. Its something Ive been doing since my mo
89、torcycle accident seven years ago. Ive had about 32 operations so far. (老实说，我在这里等的时候感觉很好。自从七年前发生摩托车事故以来，我一直在做这件事。到目前为止，我已经做了大约32次手术)”可知，Paul Thomas已经做了大约32次手术，换句话说他在等候室呆过32次，而且他觉得等待的感觉很好，“Paul Thomas已经习惯了在候诊室等候”正确。故选D项。(C)Since its founding in 1923, Yellow Corporation has been a leader in the transp
90、ortation industry, using trucks to transport goods between points in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. For decades, Yellow achieved success by concentrating virtually all of its attention on increasing efficiency at every turn. Yellow has long been a master at ensuring that trucks are full befo
91、re they have a warehouse, and it has also developed precisely time delivery schedules.Unfortunately, Yellow eventually fell victim to its own success. As operational efficiency increased, customer service received less and less attention, and before long, newer and more responsive companies were tak
92、ing away the firms customers. Accompanying this problem was the fact that the customers most likely to seek a more service-oriented transportation provider were also the ones willing to pay high prices for the extra service. As a result, Yellows financial performance began to decline, slowly at firs
93、t, but then more dramatically. Naturally, the decline in profit led to even worse across-the-board service.To help turn Yellow around, the board of directors offered Bill Zollars the position of CEO. Already a highly respected manager, Zollars was attracted by the opportunity to revitalize the carri
94、er. Zollars quickly learned that organizational change at Yellow would have to be fundamental. Over a period of decades, people throughout the company were often willing to do only the minimal amount necessary to get their jobs done. Zollars knew that he had to alter the attitudes, behavior, and per
95、formance of 30,000 employees. He began by improving communication. The CEO spent 18 months traveling to several hundred locations, and at each site, he talked face-to-face with customers and with employees at all levels. He asked for opinions and provided his own message-namely, that enhanced custom
96、er service was to become the firms new focus.Zollarss plan consisted of more than promises and motivational speeches. While previous leaders often didnt focus on problems and refused to reveal information about the firms performance, Zollars openly acknowledged the companys defect rate-the percentag
97、e of shipments that were late, wrong, or damaged. Employees were shocked to find that the rate was 40 percent, but that knowledge was necessary to enhance motivation and set a benchmark for improvement. Zollars also instituted the companys first ongoing program for surveying customer satisfaction, a
98、nd the results were reported openly throughout the company. Zollars made a real effort to listen to employees, gave them authority to make decisions, and developed an enviable reputation for honesty and commitment. “If people doing the work dont believe whats coming from the leadership,” says Zollar
99、s, “it doesnt get implemented.”53. What caused Yellow Corporations financial performance to decline?A. There was suddenly some difficulty finding enough warehouses.B. Fewer customers were willing to pay high prices for extra services.C. More transportation providers emerged with the market expanding
100、.D. It put more emphasis on operational efficiency than on customer service.54. What did Zollars do to facilitate the fundamental changes in Yellow Corporation?A. He communicated with customers in person.B. He employed some highly respected managers.C. He reevaluated all the employees performance.D.
101、 He estimated the minimal amount of job each should do.55. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that it was _ that contributed to the success of Zollarss plan.A. the precise calculation of the companys defect rateB. the ongoing survey of the employers satisfactionC. the improvement of the lead
102、erships confidenceD. the revelation of information to the employees56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The CEOs of Yellow CorporationB. The Future at Yellow CorporationC. The Success of Yellow CorporationD. The Turnaround at Yellow Corporation【答案】53. D 54. A 55. D 56
103、. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章先是阐述了Yellow Corporation 从盛到衰的原因，之后介绍公司CEO，Bill Zollars如何去扭转颓势。【53题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For decades, Yellow achieved success by concentrating virtually all of its attention on increasing efficiency at every turn.(几十年来，Yellow通过将几乎所有的注意力集中在提高每一个环节的效率上而取得了成功。)”以及第二段中“As operational eff
104、iciency increased, customer service received less and less attention, and before long, newer and more responsive companies were taking away the firms customers.Accompanying this problem was the fact that the customers most likely to seek a more service-oriented transportation provider were also the
105、ones willing to pay high prices for the extra service. As a result, Yellows financial performance began to decline, slowly at first, but then more dramatically.(随着运营效率的提高，客户服务受到的关注越来越少，不久之后，更新和响应能力更强的公司开始抢走公司的客户。伴随这一问题的是，最有可能寻求更具服务导向的运输供应商的客户也是愿意为额外服务支付高价的客户。结果，Yellow的财务业绩开始下降，起初缓慢，但后来更为显著。)”可知，导致Ye
106、llow 财务业绩下降的原因是因为专注效率而忽视客户服务。故选D项。【54题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He began by improving communication. The CEO spent 18 months traveling to several hundred locations, and at each site, he talked face-to-face with customers and with employees at all levels. (他从改善沟通开始。这位首席执行官花了18个月的时间前往数百个地点，在每个地点，他都与客户和各级员工面对面交
107、谈。)”可知，Zollars通过沟通来促进Yellow Corporation的根本变革。故选A项。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While previous leaders often didnt focus on problems and refused to reveal information about the firms performance, Zollars openly acknowledged the companys defect rate-the percentage of shipments that were late, wrong, or damage
108、d. Employees were shocked to find that the rate was 40 percent, but that knowledge was necessary to enhance motivation and set a benchmark for improvement.(尽管前任领导往往不关注问题，拒绝透露有关公司业绩的信息，但佐拉尔斯公开承认公司的缺陷率延迟、错误或损坏的发货百分比。员工们震惊地发现，这一比例为40%，但这些知识对于增强动机和设定改进基准是必要的。)”可知，Zollars通过向员工披露相关信息来推进自己的计划。故选D项【56题详解】主旨
109、大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第三段中“To help turn Yellow around, the board of directors offered Bill Zollars the position of CEO. (为了扭转颓势，董事会向比尔佐拉尔斯提供了首席执行官的职位)”以及最后一段中“Zollarss plan consisted of more than promises and motivational speeches.(佐拉尔斯的计划不仅仅包括承诺和激励性演讲。)”可推知，本文主要讲述了Yellow公司为了扭转颓势做出的改变。故选D项。Section C (8 分)Di
110、rections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A Schoolyard GardenHave you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden? Many people have not had the pleasure of this expe
111、rience. Alice Waters, the owner of Chez Panisse Restaurant, set out to change all that for a special group of students at Martin Luther King Junior Middle School in Berkeley, California.Waters worked with the schools principal, Neil Smith, to create a cooking and gardening program at the school. _57
112、_. She also believes that there is a strong relationship between food, health, and the environment. Her goal at the middle school was to show children the pleasure in gardening and in preparing the foods that they cultivated. She wanted to teach them that a healthy body and a healthy environment go
113、hand in hand.The project that Waters began took a lot of time and patience. _58_. At the same time, renovation was begun to turn an old, unused cafeteria into a kitchen where students could prepare foods and share meals with their teachers.In the 1995-1996 school year, the first usable crops were pl
114、anted. They included greens such as arugula and mustard, as well as lettuce, carrots, and potatoes. The following year brought the addition of plants such as apples, plums, black currants, hazelnuts, figs, raspberries, runner beans, and hibiscus. _59_.Students have found that they look forward to th
115、e time they spend in the garden each week. They have learned how to weed, prune, and harvest. They have learned about the life cycles of various plants. They also know how to enrich the soil through composting, a process in which leftover scraps of fruits and vegetables are used as fertilizer. _60_.
116、Alice Waters dreams that one day there will be a garden in every school in the United States. She hopes that school lunches can be prepared using the produce from the gardens and other locallygrown organic produce.A. She relied on the help of teachers, students, and community volunteers to turn a pa
117、rking lot into a garden.B. Waters believes in the importance of people knowing where their food comes from.C. Waters believes in people joining their hands to teach children to become better citizens.D. Many have discovered that they like fruits and vegetables that they had never before been willing
118、 to try.E. However, they found it difficult to decide what crops to plant in this garden.F. Every year since then, new crops are added and old crops are evaluated to make sure that they are best suited for the environment and the needs of the school.【答案】57. B 58. A 59. F 60. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Al
119、ice Waters发起的一项活动在学校花园里种植粮食，好让学生们吃到自己种植的粮食，让他们明白健康与环境的关系。【57题详解】由上文“Waters worked with the schools principal, Neil Smith, to create a cooking and gardening program at the school. (Waters与学校校长尼尔史密斯合作，在学校创建了一个烹饪和园艺项目)”和下文“She also believes that there is a strong relationship between food, health, and
120、the environment. (她还相信，食物、健康和环境之间有着密切的关系)”可知，该空承接上下文讲Waters创建烹饪和园艺项目的想法来源，B选项中的“Waters believes”呼应下文中的“She also believes”，B选项“Waters相信人们知道食物来自哪里的重要性。”切题。故选B项。【58题详解】由上文“The project that Waters began took a lot of time and patience. (Waters开启的项目花费了大量的时间和耐心)”和下文“At the same time, renovation was begun
121、to turn an old, unused cafeteria into a kitchen where students could prepare foods and share meals with their teachers. (与此同时，学校开始进行翻修，将一个旧的、闲置的自助餐厅改造成一个厨房，学生们可以在这里准备食物，并与老师共享午餐)”可知，本段主要讲Waters为烹饪和园艺项目所做的努力，这些努力还包括诸如学校人员投入的努力，承接上下文，A选项“她依靠老师、学生和社区志愿者的帮助，把停车场变成了花园。”切题。故选A项。【59题详解】由上文“In the 1995-1996
122、 school year, the first usable crops were planted. They included greens such as arugula and mustard, as well as lettuce, carrots, and potatoes. The following year brought the addition of plants such as apples, plums, black currants, hazelnuts, figs, raspberries, runner beans, and hibiscus. (1995-199
123、6学年，种植了第一批可用作物。其中包括绿叶蔬菜，如芝麻菜和芥末，以及莴苣、胡萝卜和土豆。第二年，苹果、李子、黑醋栗、榛子、无花果、覆盆子、扁豆和木槿等植物相继出现)”可知，上文讲烹饪和园艺项目开始种植了，每年都会出现新作物，一开始种植应该是摸索阶段，试着找到最适合学校种植的作物，承接上文，F选项“从那时起，每年都会增加新作物，并对旧作物进行评估，以确保它们最适合学校的环境和需要。”切题。故选F项。【60题详解】由上文“Students have found that they look forward to the time they spend in the garden each week
124、. They have learned how to weed, prune, and harvest. They have learned about the life cycles of various plants. They also know how to enrich the soil through composting, a process in which leftover scraps of fruits and vegetables are used as fertilizer. (学生们发现，他们期待着每周花在花园里的时间。他们学会了如何除草、修剪和收割。他们已经了解了
125、各种植物的生命周期。他们还知道如何通过堆肥来丰富土壤，这是一种将水果和蔬菜残渣用作肥料的过程)”可知，上文讲烹饪和园艺项目让学生爱上了花园种植，学生对作物种植了解颇多，可得出对自己亲手种植的食物也应该是喜爱不已，承接上文，D选项“许多人发现他们喜欢以前从未尝试过的水果和蔬菜。”表明了学生们喜爱花园种植后所带来的好结果。故选D项。III. Summary Writing (10 分)61. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in
126、no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents views of life vary, they show their love in different ways.The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulation
127、s in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a frim belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect for others opinions, least of all, their childrens. the sentence they say most frequently to
128、 their children is, “you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They ar
129、e happy so long as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything or their childrens sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friend-type parents, as the term implies,
130、 treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends ,they discuss with their children the latest news, share their childrens interests, and listen attentively to their childrens expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationshi
131、p with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Lets put out heads together and see what we can do”There is o doubt that children welcome the th
132、ird type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily._【
133、答案】 Parents are generally classified into three different types. The monarch-type parents are self-centered and dominant, so they usually force their opinions on children. The servant-type parents are child-centered, willing to devote everything to meeting childrens demands unconditionally. The frie
134、nd-type parents are democratic and wise, who accompany their children through effective communication and joint work. Children favor the last type.Parenting differs depending on parents different views of life. The Monarch-type parents dont respect their children and force regulations upon them. The
135、 servant-type parents willingly sacrifice everything to satisfy childrens needs and wishes. The friend-type parents, the most welcomed type, are democratic and friendly while sticking to their principles. All examination of parenting is necessary for childrens healthy growth.【解析】【分析】文章的主要结构为总-分-总。这是
136、一篇记叙文。主要介绍了三种类型的父母。符合概要写作常规出题的思路。【详解】第一段讲述父母对生活的看法不同，他们用不同的方式来表达他们的爱，主要有三种类型。可以用到的词汇或句型有：parents, classify into, types等。第二段讲述君主式的父母不宽容，以自我为中心。可以用到的词汇或句式有：monarch-type, self-centered, dominant, force等。第三段主要讲奴婢式的父母总是围着孩子转。可以用到的词汇或句式有：servant-type, child-centered, willing to, devoteto, unconditionally等
137、。第四段讲了“朋友型父母”，把孩子当朋友看待。可以用到的词汇或句式有：friend-type, democratic, accompany, effective communication等。第五段概述这三种类型的特点，并提出如果想让孩子健康快乐地成长，所有的父母都应该重新审视并改变他们表达爱的方式。可以用到的词汇或句式有：depend on, sacrifice, stick to, healthy等。IV. Translation (3+3+4+5+5)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the
138、 words given in the brackets.62. 正是他对于种族歧视的反抗才改变了历史的进程。 (It)(汉译英)【答案】It is/was his fight against racial discrimination that changed the course of history.【解析】【详解】考查时态和强调句型。句子可用一般现在时或者一般过去时，fight against (反对)，racial discrimination (种族歧视)，本句是“It be +被强调部分+ that +其它”强调句型结构，此处被强调部分是主语his fight against r
139、acial discrimination (他对于种族歧视的反抗)，change the course of history (改变历史的进程)用一般过去时，故翻译为：It is/was his fight against racial discrimination that changed the course of history.63. 没有令人信服的证据表明他应该为病毒的传播负责。(blame) (汉译英)【答案】There is no convincing evidence that he is to blame for the spread of the virus.【解析】【详解
140、】考查时态、形容词、存在句型和同位语从句。句子描述现在的一般情况，时态用一般现在时，主句用there be存在句型，修饰形容物的-ing形容词convincing (令人信服的)作定语，修饰名词evidence (证据)，evidence后接只起连接作用的that引导的同位语从句，be to blame (对某事应负责任的)，故翻译为：There is no convincing evidence that he is to blame for the spread of the virus.64. 直到那时我才意识到他就是那个曾经用枪威胁我的人。 (Not; threaten) (汉译英)【
141、答案】Not until then did I realize that he was the very person who once threatened me with a gun.【解析】【详解】考查动词、状语从句、宾语从句、倒装句、时态和定语从句。表示“直到那时”，应用Not until引导状语从句，位于句首用部分倒装。根据所给意思可知，该句是对过去的叙述，因此用一般过去时态。 动词“意识到”后面是宾语从句，用that引导，person是先行词，用who引导的定语从句来表达，“用枪威胁我” threaten me with a gun，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Not until
142、then did I realize that he was the very person who once threatened me with a gun。65. 你很难想象他在大热天穿着防护服帮助居民搬运日常必需品的困难。(difficulty) (汉译英)【答案】You can hardly imagine the difficulty he has (in) helping residents carry daily necessities in his protective suit on such a hot day.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。此处主语为you；表示“很难想
143、象”应用can hardly imagine；表示“做某事有困难”应用have difficulty (in) doing sth.；表示“帮助居民搬运日常必需品”翻译为help residents carry daily necessities；表示“在大热天穿着防护服”翻译为in his protective suit on such a hot day。故翻译为You can hardly imagine the difficulty he has (in) helping residents carry daily necessities in his protective suit
144、on such a hot day.66. 这些外观简朴设备齐全的流动医院,是从体育场馆改造而来，用来治疗症状轻微的病人。 (which) (汉译英)【答案】These simple-looking yet well-equipped mobile hospitals, which were transformed from stadiums, were used to treat patients with mild symptoms.【解析】【详解】考查动词、形容词、名词、定语从句，被动语态、时态和主谓一致。表示“流动”，应用mobile。表示“改造”，应用transform。表示“轻微的
145、”，应用mild。根据所给意思可知，该句是对这些流动医院的过去的叙述，因此用一般过去时态。该句主要要表达的意思是：这些医院用来治疗症状轻微的病人。因此， “是从体育馆改造而来”可用非限制性定语从句来表达，修饰“流动医院”。mobile hospitals和 transform之间是被动关系，因此该从句应用被动语态，且主语是复数形式，根据主谓一致原则，谓语部分应为 were transformed。引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导该从句。主句中，主语hospitals和use之间是被动关系，因此，主句应用被动语态，且根据主谓一致原则，谓语应用were used。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：These simple-looking yet well-equipped mobile hospitals, which were transformed from stadiums, were used to treat patients with mild symptoms。
