1、Listening,Listening,Speaking and Speaking and ReadingReading1.Listen to the tape and fill the layers in the“wastepaper basket”diagram below.yogurt potsorange skinwastepaperused envelopesThe waste paper basketAnswer key for Exercise 2MethodHow it works1.Layers in the groundEach layer looks different
2、as they are uncovered,so you can tell where one layer starts and another finishes.In the wastepaper basket,the most recent layer is _,an older layer is below that and the oldest layer is _.at the topat the bottomMethodHow it works2.Radio-carbon datingAll living things have _ in their bodies.When the
3、y die,the carbon _ at a _ rate.The method measures _ of carbon in bones or plants using radioactivity and can _ how old the remains are.starts to disappearfixedthe amountwork outcarbon Note:The age of the building depends on the number of layers it is resting on.The more layers,the more recent the b
4、uilding.Answer key for Exercise 3:The oldest building is B because it has no layers underneath it.The second oldest building is C because it has one layer underneath it.The most recent building is building A.It has two layers underneath.ZH:How can you tell how old the bones are when you find them?LI
5、STENING TEXT(P42)DATING METHODSZhou Heping has come to ask the archaeologist,Richard Leakey,how he dates the bones he finds.RL:There are two main ways:the first uses layers in the ground and the second uses the radiocarbon dating.ZH:How does the layer method work?RL:Well,many layers of soil were pro
6、duced at different times.Each time people build houses and live somewhere,they make an occupation layer.Each has a different color and texture.ZH:How does that help?RL:Look at the diagram in your book.Think of your wastepaper basket.When you came into work you threw the orange skin into it.Later som
7、eone threw their empty yogurt pots into it.Then some waste paper was added.Finally someone threw away some used envelopes.How many layers are there?ZH:There are four layers.RL:Good.Now which layer is the latest?ZH:Now,let me think!Yes,itll be the one on the top,which is the used envelopes.RL:And whe
8、res the oldest layer?ZH:At the bottom.RL:Well done.When we find bones in layers of soil,we know they are the same age as the soil.ZH:I see.RL:Now lets think about the second method.ZH:I remember.Its called the radiocarbon dating method.Thats a strange name.RL:Yes.It uses the radioactivity to measure
9、 the amount of carbon in living things.The carbon in a dead body disappears at a fixed rate.We know how long this takes,so we can measure the amount of carbon and work out how old a bone or plant is.ZH:Thats very clever.Is it very accurate too?RL:There are some problems,so youare always given a date
10、 plus or minus some years.For example,your bone may be dated to 10,000 years ago plus or minus 100 years.This means the bone is between 9,900 years and 10,100 years old.ZH:How clever!How old are the bones from the Zhoukoudian Caves?RL:They are between 250,000 and 40,000 years old.ZH:Perhaps we can g
11、o and visit the site together sometime?RL:Of course.Whenever you like!Answer the following questions after reading the text:1.Which jobs did Dahu do?2.Which jobs did Lala do?3.Who works cooperatively and who does tasks alone?4.Who does the most dangerous tasks?5.Where does the danger come from?Readi
12、ng and speakingReading and speaking 北京猿人的化石首次发现于1927年 1929年12月2日发现第一个完整的头盖骨 到1937年已发现的北京人的头盖骨共5个。1941年12月太平洋战争爆发后,在几个美国人手里弄得下落不明。1966年又发现一个残破的头盖骨。总共发现了属于40多个个体的北京人化石。时间距今约七十万年至二十万年。北 京 人北京猿人的特征 能够制造和使用劳动工具 能使用天然火 摆脱了杂交的婚姻形态 生活艰苦，寿命比较短暂北京人头盖骨化石北京猿人复原图北京人使用过的石器北京人石器制作法北京人生活想象图山顶洞人 距今时间：18000年前 地点:北京周口
13、店龙骨山山顶洞穴 体形:同现代人大体一样，脑容量：13001500毫升 生产和生活：开始采用磨制和钻孔技术制造石器、骨器制造骨针,缝制兽皮衣服产生了原始宗教仪式过着氏族公社的生活山顶洞人头骨山顶洞人1933年北京市房山县周口店龙骨山山顶洞出土。骨针长8.2厘米，孔径0.31-0.33厘米。这是中国已发现的时代最早的骨针之一，其针身保存完好，针孔处破裂，针尖锐利，表面有刮磨痕迹。针孔是用尖状器刮挖而成。山顶洞人的生活用具骨针Sample answers to above questions:1.catch fish,repair stone tools,make scrapers and axe
14、-heads.2.collect fruit and nuts,prepare food.3.Both men and women work cooperatively.For example,Lalasmother and aunts were preparing the meat of deer and pig over the fire.Men do tasks alone.4.Men do the most dangerous tasks.5.The danger comes from the wild animals.Answer key for Exercise 2Mens tas
15、ksWomens tasks1.Making and repairing tools2.Fishing3.Cutting down trees4.Hunting animals5.Protecting the group from harm1.Collecting nuts,fruit and water2.Cutting up meat and fish for cooking3.Preparing skins to make clothes4.Preparing food5.Looking after childrenAnswer key for Exercise 3 Mens tasks
16、:patient(tool making),dangerous(hunting),some individual(tool making and repairing)and some co-operative(hunting),skilful(tool making),protective(of group)Womens tasks:affectionate(to group),co-operative(cooking),caring(providing food),patient(collecting food),skilful(cooking),individual(collecting
17、nuts and fruit)Co-operative tasks:Individual tasks:Most dangerous tasks:men hunting animals;women doing cooking and preparing food men making or repairing tools;women collecting fruit and nuts men hunting animals Answer key for Exercise 4 Where the danger comes from:Sharing of tasks:men and women ha
18、d clearly divided tasks:fire and collecting nuts needed to be done every day but killing animals wouldwild animals living near the cavesonly be done now and then.So the womens tasks were continuous and the mens tasks were more periodic.Words and expressionsWords and expressions1.If only it could be
19、just like last year.要是能像去年那样就好了!If only 但愿.;要是就好了。其后一般用虚拟语气。If only she had looked ahead and planned better.If only he had comev.to express approval of(someone or something)especially by such clapping.赞赏,鼓掌向(某人或某物)表示赞赏,尤指鼓掌欢呼Everyone applauded when the play ended.演出结束时,大家都热烈鼓掌。I applaud your decisio
20、n.我赞成你的决定。2.applaud:3.acceleratea.to increase the speed of 加速,促进加快.的速度这部新车加速效能良好。The new car has good acceleration.b.to cause to happen earlier(正式)催促他决定加快他的课程进度。He decided to accelerate his courses.to capture and hold briefly(the attention,for example);engage 引起注意吸引并短时间吸引住(如注意力);吸引花的艳丽色彩引起苏珊的注意。The
21、bright colors of the flowers arrested Susans attention.4.arrest:having a whirling sensation and a tendency to fall 眩晕的,眼花的感到眩晕并要摔倒的a dizzy height令人晕眩的高度The old woman was dizzied by the strong wind.那位老太太被风吹得头昏眼花。The disaster dizzied his brain.那场灾难弄得他头脑昏乱。5.dizzy:6.relief 解脱的感觉I felt great relief when
22、 I heard I had passed the examination.听说我已经通过了考试,感到轻松多了。1.The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.A.little white wooden B.little wooden white C.white wooden little D.wooden white littlePractice adjectives:2.Jolm Smith,a successful bus businessman,has a _car.A.large German white B.l
23、arge white German C.white large German D.German Large white3.This _ girl is Lindas cousin.A.pretty little Spanish B.Spanish Little pretty C.Spanish pretty little D.little pretty Spanish 4._ students are required to take part in the boat race.A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young C.Ch
24、inese ten young strong D.Young strong ten Chinese多个形容词顺序巧记：一座漂亮的旧石桥a fine old strong bridge一些酸绿的食用苹果some sour green eating apples口诀顺序：冠、代、数、形（形状、性质）、大（大小、长短）、新（新旧）、色（颜色）、国（国家、产地）、材（材料、用途）、名（名词）What surprised him most happened _ Sunday morning.A.in a cold rainy B.on a cold rainy C.in a rainy cold D.on a rainy coldPractice using two or more adjectives to describe the Sanxingdui Ruins objects on page 44.Homework
