1、第 4 讲介词1.I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.(2011浙江卷)A.on B.for C.by D.of【答案及解析】1.B本题考点为介词与动词的搭配。句意为“我总想从事我一直以来为此被训练的工作。”还原定语从句部分，应该是“Id been trained for the job”。train作动词意为“训练”，介词for表目的。2.I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just _.(2010浙江卷)A.by nat
2、ure B.in return C.in case D.by chance【答案及解析】2.C考查介词短语的辨析。句意为“我觉得我们以前已经谈论过这件事情了，但是以防万一，我还是再问你一次吧。”by nature天生地，天然 地；in return作 为 回 报；in case以 防 万 一；by chance偶然地，碰巧。介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种：简单介词，如at,in,on,beside,to,for等；短语介词，即由两个以上的词组成的短语，如in front of,because of,instead of等；二重介词，如until after,from behind等。
3、介词的种类介词不能独立在句中作成分，介词后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。1作定语：The book _on_the_table is mine.2作状语：We have breakfast at_seven._(表时间)They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain.(表原因)They started the machine by_pressing the button.(表方式)介词的句法功能3作表语：My dictionary is in_the_bag.4
4、作宾语补足语：I found him in_the_office.介词的句法功能1表示时间的at,in,on,by at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock，常用词组有：at noon,at night,at midnight,at the end of,at that time,at the beginning of,at the age of,at Christmas等。in表 示 一 段 时 间，如：in the morning/afternoon/evening,in October,in 1998,in summer,in the past,in the future等。on总
5、是跟日子有关，如：on Monday,on Christmas morning,on May Day,on a warm morning等。主要介词区别 1._ the morning of June 27,the team reached the top of the mountain.A.by B.At C.in D.On 2.We need to pay this electricity bill _ January 31st.A.In B.by C.during D.within2表示时间的since和fromsince表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示
6、从时间的某一点开始，一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from_today.We have not seen each other since_1995.主要介词区别3.between和 among一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmate 主要介词区别4表示“用”的in,by,with和 onwith用于有形的工具，或身体某些器官等
7、的方面，其后的名词多被冠词或物主代词等修饰。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。by后接名词且名词前常没有修饰词，名词用原形。如：He is writing a letter with_a_pen.He wrote the letter in_pencil._We measured it in_pounds/by the pound.(按磅计算)Tell me the story in_English/with the English language.by hand靠手工 by ship乘船 by air乘飞机主要介词区别by hand靠手工=with our han
8、ds by ship乘船=on a shipby air乘飞机=on this/a planeby radio=on the radio“用这种方式”：in this way/manner,by means of/by this means with this method5as和 likeas作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲)like作“像一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)。6in front of 和in the front ofin front
9、 of before，是“在前面”的意思(不在某物内)；in the front of则是“在前部”的意思(在某物内)。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard.The boy sat in the front of the car.主要介词区别 1.表示时间的in和after两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后”，区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”，而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点)之后”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days.After seven the
10、 rain began to fall.注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如：After two months he returned.易错易混点 2.表示地理位置的in,on,toin表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on_the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.3.表示“穿过”的through和acrossthrough表示从内部通过；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上
11、的通过。如：Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.易错易混点 4.besides,except,but,except forbesides指“除 了 还 有，再 加 上”。如：All went out besides me.except指“除了，减去什么”。如：All went out except me.but与except意思近似，表示“除了外”，经常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading any
12、thing_but the newspaper.易错易混点except for表示“除以外”，跟except的区别在于其后跟的词与前面所提到的不是同一类别。如：His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes.易错易混点 5.for与of用于不定式复合结构(1)It isadj.of sb.to do sth.sb.beadj.to do sth.当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征时，用of。常见的此类形容词有：kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish,considerate,polite,impoli
13、te,cruel等。(2)It isadj.for sb.to do sth.当形容词说明不定式的性质时用for。常见的此类形容词有：possible,impossible,important,necessary等。如：It is quite important for us to protect our environment.易错易混点Beyond用法精讲beyond一词用法和含义较为复杂，很容易产生理解上的障碍，造成写作翻译上的失误或影响阅读理解。以下是关于beyond的一些用法：一、beyond作介词用时，使用最广，常用于下列几种情况：1.表示位置，意思是“在的那一边；在之外；在更远处
14、”。例如：Beyond the river stood a power stationThe sea is beyond that hillWhat lies beyond the mountains?2.表示时间，其意为“迟于；晚于；超过”。例如：Some shops keep open beyond midnight.He never sees beyond the present他从未看到将来。This work is beyond my grasp.Dont stay there beyond midnight.3.表示范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为所不能及”。在句中
15、常作表语、定语或状语。Your work is beyond all praise The fruit is beyond my reach.His bad behavior is beyond a joke.Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.She was really touched beyond wordsMen can travel to the moon and beyond.Is there life beyond the grave?(喻)在阴间还有生命吗?4.用在否定和疑问句中，意思是“除之外”。例如：I know
16、 nothing beyond what he told meIs there anything more you can say beyond that？5.beyond有时还可表示年龄或数量，意思是“超过.He didnt believe in people living beyond 100.At the meeting there were not beyond 20 people 二、beyond也常作副词用，主要有下面两种用法：1.指时空或正在进行中的活动，意思是“在远处；向远处；更远处”。例如：If we cross the mountains we may find peopl
17、e living in the valley beyondIll go with you to the bridge,but not a step beyond 2.表示外加，意思是“此外；以外”。例如：He told me nothing beyond 三、习惯用语：It is beyond me.口我能力所不及;我不能理解。beyond sb.为某人所不能理解beyond oneself精神错乱;忘形;失态 四、Beyond构成的常见短语beyond ones power 超出某人的能力beyond ones reach 在某人够不着的地方beyond praise 夸不胜夸beyond example 没有先例beyond compare 无与伦比beyongd midnight 过了半夜beyond belief 难以置信beyond recognition 难以识别beyond(the)sea(s)在/往海外beyond ones wildest dreams 大大出乎某人的预料beyond 15%超出15%from beyond the seas 来自海外peak beyond peak(of)重重beyond the mountain 在山的那一边,远方,彼方BDCDAatbeyondviaInonbyforagainstDACCBDDDAA返回
