1、限时提分练(八)必修Unit3Computers.阅读理解A2021济宁市质量检测Onthesummerof1995, asecondyeargraduatestudentnamedSergeyBrinwasgivingatourofStanfordUniversitytoprospectivestudents.LarryPage, anengineeringgraduatefromtheUniversityofMichigan, wasoneofthosebeingshownaroundthecampus.“Webothfoundeachotherobnoxiousandannoyingwi
2、thstrongopinionsaboutthings，”saidBrin.“Butwesaiditalittlebitjokingly.Obviously, wespentalotoftimetalkingtoeachother, sotherewassomethingthere.”Thetechnologyofthewebatthetimemeantthatpeoplecouldtellwhereawebpagelinkedtojustbyreadingitscode.However, togetacompletelistofeverypagetowhichitlinked, theyne
3、ededtocheckeveryotherwebsiteontheInternet.Pages“BackRub”projectaimedtoqualifythesebacklinks (反向链接).Itwasacomplextaskthatnotonlydemandedvastcomputingresources, butalsorequiredextremelycomplexmathematics, whichwaswherethemathgeniusBrincamein.Later, PageandBrincameupwiththePageRankalgorithmarankingsyst
4、emwhichwouldprovetobeabreakthroughidea.Andthen, BackRubbecameGoogle, aplayontheterm“googol”，meaning“10100”.Thesystemsuccessfullyenableduserstosearchall24millionpagesstoredinitsdatabase.OnSeptember15,1997, Gwasregistered.InAugust1998, itgotitsfirstfundingintheformofacheckfor$100,000writtenbyAndyBecht
5、olsheim, cofounderofSunMicrosystems, to“GoogleInc”.Butstillthereweretroubles.Laterthatmonth, PageandBrinmovedintothegarage (车库) offriendSusanWojcicki (nowtheCEOofYouTube), andreceivedfurtherinvestmentfromAmazonfounderJeffBezos, amongothers.Earlyin1999, PageandBrinattemptedtosellGoogletoExcite, atthe
6、timetheNo.2searchenginebehindYahoo, foronemilliondollars.However, evenafterthepairhadbeentalkeddownto$750,000, ExciteCEOGeorgeBellrejectedthem.Withnobuyerinsight, GooglestartedhiringengineersandmovedtoanofficeinCaliforniainMarch1999.In2001, EricSchmidtwashiredfirstaschairmanandthenCEO, leavingPagean
7、dBrintocontinuedevelopingGooglesproductsandtechnologiesrespectively.Bytheendofitsfirstdecade, Googlehadeffectivelywonthesearchenginewars.1Accordingtothearticle, whatcanwelearnaboutLarryPageandSergeyBrin?ATheyfirstmeteachotherwhenstudyingatStanford.BTheyfoundtheirfirstencounterratherunpleasant.CTheyh
8、adnointentionofrunningabusinessinitially.DTheygotfinancialsupportfromStanfordtoworkontherankingsystem.2Paragraphs4to5mainlytalkabout_.AwhatmotivatedPagetolaunchthe“BackRub”projectBhowthe“BackRub”projectledtothefoundingofGoogleChowthePageRankalgorithmworkedDhowBrinjoinedPageincarryingoutthe“BackRub”p
9、roject3Accordingtothearticle, whodidNOTmakeaninvestmentinGoogle?AndyBechtolsheim.SusanWojcicki.JeffBezos.GeorgeBell.ABCD4Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?ATheInternet: howitchangedtheworldBGiantGoogle: howitbeatExciteandYahooCExciteCEOregrettedforrefusingthebestofferDGoogleat20: howtwostudentschan
10、gedtheInternetB2021山西省高三第一次模拟Inaworldwherenearly6millionfingerprintrecordsofgovernmentemployeesarestoleninonecomputerhack (非法入侵), andheremillionsofpeoplearevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear, thenextstepincybersecuritymaywellbemappingyourbrain.ResearchersatBinghamtonUniversity, StateUniversityofNewYork
11、areworkingonabiometric (生物特征识别的) systemthatrecordshowyourbrainreactstocertainimages.Withalittlemorepolishing, thescientistsbrainchildcouldbecomethewayyougetintoasafedepositbox, yourofficeorpastscannersattheairport.Itcouldreplacethepasswordforyouronlinebanking, youremailoryoursocialmediaaccounts.They
12、startedtheirprojectbymeasuringthebrainwavesof30subjects.Thesubjectswerefittedwithacapthathad30electrodes (电极) attachedtoit, andthenshownvariousimagesandsymbolscelebrityfaces, words, picturesoffoodonacomputerscreenin200millisecondbursts.Thebrainsreactionwasrecorded.Theideaisthateverytimeapersonneedst
13、ousea“password”，heorshegoesthroughthesameprocedure, andtheresultsarematchedwiththeirfirsttimereaction.Ifthe“brainprint”iscompromisedlikewhathappenedwiththefingerprintrecordsthenthesystemismerelyresetbyrunninganothersetofimagesandcollectingadifferentsetofbrainwaves.“Evenifthatwasstolen, youcouldjustc
14、ancelitandrecordonetosomethingelse”，saysprofessorLaszlo.Laszloandherteamhaveshownthattheirsystemcanbe100percentaccurate.Sooneofthemoredifficultpartsofmakingthesystempracticalalreadyhasbeenovercome.Now, theyrespendingmuchtimerecordingaccuratebrainprintswithasfewasthreeelectrodes, whichcouldmakerecord
15、inginthefutureaseasyaswearingapairofspecialglasses.Theyrealsoworkingwithcheapermaterialsanddifferentmethodstoseeiftheycanbringthecostdown.5Whatdoestheunderlinedword“brainchild”inParagraph2referto?AThebrainfunction.BThefingerprintrecord.CThebiometricsystem.DTheonlinepassword.6Whyweretheimagesandsymbo
16、lsshowntothesubjects?ATocreatetheirbrainprints.BTocheckthebrainsreaction.CTomatchbrainprintswithpictures.DToconnectbrainwavestoelectrodes.7Whatwillhappenwhenabrainprintfails?AAspareonewillbereadybeforehand.BAnewonewillbesetagain.CTheuserssecuritywillbeleaked.DThefingerprintrecordwillreplaceit.8Whata
17、retheresearchersdoingwiththeprogramnow?AMakingituserfriendly.BImprovingitsaccuracy.CRecordingmorebrainprints.DIncreasingthenumberofelectrodes.完形填空2021郑州市第三次质量检测Veryfewofusbecomefluentinanotherlanguagebylearningitinhighschool.Iwenttouniversityandthenmovedacrossthecountrytoseeka_1_jobforahighsalary, m
18、arriedandraisedchildren.Imadeaneffortto_2_thelittlebitofFrenchIlearnedinschool, buteventuallyIrealizedthatthiswasreally_3_.Iwasquiteawarethatnewlanguagesarebestlearnedwhenyoung, andthatourabilitiesinthatregarddeclinewith_4_.However, justbeforemy50thbirthday, I_5_Frenchclasses.AfterIwastestedtoseewhi
19、chgroupIbelongedto, Iwasplacedatalmosttheintroductory_6_.WhenIlookedaroundatmyfirstclass, Iwas_7_thatmanyofthestudentswerelearningFrenchasathird，fourthorevenfifthlanguage.Contrarytomy_8_thatlearninganewlanguagewasimpossiblydifficult, therewerepeoplewholearnednewlanguagesasamatterofcourse.WhileIhadal
20、waysthoughtofmyselfasa_9_learner, thatwasnolongerthecase.I_10_newvocabularyratherslowly.WhatIlearnedoneweekseemedto_11_assoonasIlearnedthenextskill.Ihadtolookupthe_12_wordsandlanguagestructuresoverandover.Now, afterseveralyearsoflearning, IcanlistentothenewsinFrenchand_13_90%ofitonthefirsttry, reada
21、novelifthelanguageisnttoo_14_anddowellinaconversationifitdoesntgotoofast.Ivelearnedsomuchbeyondgrammarandvocabulary.Ivemetpeoplefromaroundtheworldandallwalksoflifewhohavethe_15_tomakefoolsofthemselvesinordertolearnsomethingnew.Ivebeentaughtby_16_andinspirationalteachersfrommanycornersoftheworld.List
22、eningtothenewsasitis_17_tothepeopleofFrance, Ihavearenewedunderstandingofhowsomethingcanlook_18_differentfromanotherviewpoint.Ivelearnedthatalanguageisnotjustasetofwords, butawayof_19_.Butmostofall, Ivelearnedthatitisnevertoo_20_tolearnsomethingnew.1A.demandingBtemporaryCmeaningfulDsteady2A.understa
23、ndBreviewCkeepDmaster3A.helpfulBpointlessCworthwhileDnecessary4A.healthBconcernCinterestDage5A.gotreadyforBgotonwithCsignedupforDfellinlovewith6A.levelBpositionCattemptDtest7A.disappointedBamazedCannoyedDexcited8A.agreementBresearchCassumptionDconclusion9A.clumsyBconfidentCseriousDquick10A.absorbedB
24、consultedCcreatedDrecognized11A.godownBpayoffCslipawayDbuildup12A.keyBsameCfreshDcomplex13A.catchBreciteCguessDhear14A.changeableBinternationalCdifficultDnative15A.chanceBtrickCcourageDdesire16A.strictBpatientCpoliteDsimple17A.announcedBsentCreturnedDpresented18A.completelyBequallyCroughlyDslightly1
25、9A.challengingBthinkingClivingDlearning20A.slowBimpossibleClateDinconvenient限时提分练(八).阅读理解A语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我工作经历Google的两位联合创始人的创业史【语篇解读】文章主要叙述了Google的两位联合创始人的创业史。1答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，LarryPageandSergeyBrin曾想出售谷歌公司。在雇用了Eric做CEO之后，他们继续去研发产品和技术。由此可推知，他们起初没有做生意的打算。故选C。2答案与解析：B段落大意题。根据第四段可知，Page的“BackRu
26、b”项目旨在给这些反向链接赋权，结合第五段第二句中的“Andthen, BackRubbecameGoogle”和第六段第一句“OnSeptember15, 1997, Gwasregistered.”可推知，这两段主要介绍了BackRub项目如何导致谷歌成立的。故选B。3答案与解析：D细节理解题。该题问的是谁没有投资Google。根据第六段第二句中的“itgotitsfirstfundingintheformofacheckfor$100,000writtenbyAndyBechtolsheim”可知，AndyBechtolsheim投资了谷歌；根据第六段最后一句中的“PageandBrin
27、movedintothegarage (车库) offriendSusanWojcicki (nowtheCEOofYouTube), andreceivedfurtherinvestmentfromAmazonfounderJeffBezos”可知，Page和Brin搬进了SusanWojcicki的车库，并从JeffBezos那里获得了投资。由此可知，JeffBezos投资了谷歌，而SusanWojcicki没有投资；再根据最后一段第二句“However, evenafterthepairhadbeentalkeddownto$750000, ExciteCEOGeorgeBellreje
28、ctedthem.”可知，即使他们已经把价格降到了75万美元，GeorgeBell还是拒绝了他们，由此可知，GeorgeBell没有投资谷歌。故选D。4答案与解析：D标题概括题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要叙述了由两个学生创建搜索引擎谷歌的过程，这一过程也改变了互联网。D项“谷歌20岁：两个学生是如何改变互联网的”概括了文章主旨，适合做标题。故选D。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会网络安全脑印【语篇解读】网络安全越来越重要，科学家也在研究新的网络安全密码脑印。5答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。根据上下文可知，此处指科学家为应对信息被盗而研究的新发明一种生物特征识别系统。6答案与解析：A考查推理判
29、断。根据第三段中的“Thesubjectswerefittedwithacapthathad30electrodes (电极) attachedtoit, andthenshownvariousimagesandsymbolscelebrityfaces, words, picturesoffoodonacomputerscreenin200millisecondbursts.Thebrainsreactionwasrecorded”可推断，向实验对象展示各种图像和符号，记录他们大脑的反应，就是为了获得脑印。故答案为A。7答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Ifthebrainprin
30、tiscompromisedlikewhathappenedwiththefingerprintrecordsthenthesystemismerelyresetbyrunninganothersetofimagesandcollectingadifferentsetofbrainwaves”可知，如果一个脑印被破坏了，系统就会重置，重录一个新的脑印。故答案为B。8答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Now, theyrespendingmuchtimerecordingaccuratebrainprintswithasfewasthreeelectrodes, whichcould
31、makerecordinginthefutureaseasyaswearingapairofspecialglasses.Theyrealsoworkingwithcheapermaterialsanddifferentmethodstoseeiftheycanbringthecostdown”可知，他们目前在努力简化该系统，并降低成本，这些可以总结为让这个系统更方便为用户所用。故答案为A。.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我学习生活学习法语的经历及感悟。【语篇解读】作者以前认为学习新语言的最佳时候是年轻的时候，随着年龄的增长，我们的语言学习能力会下降。但是作者在50岁之前却报了法语班
32、去学法语，其当时只有初级水平，但经过几年学习后，作者的法语水平有了很大的提高。从而，作者意识到，学习新事物什么时候都不晚。1答案与解析：A根据该句中的“forahighsalary”和生活常识可推知，作者找的工作应该是要求高的，一般来说做这样的工作才能拿到高工资。demanding“要求高的”。2答案与解析：C根据该句中的定语从句“Ilearnedinschool”和语境可推知，作者想留住在学校里学的那一点点法语，但是作者最终发现那实际上是徒劳的。3答案与解析：B参见上题解析。pointless“无用的”。4答案与解析：D根据该句中的“Iwasquiteawarethatnewlanguage
33、sarebestlearnedwhenyoung”可推知，语言学习能力随着年龄的增长而下降。5答案与解析：C根据下一句中的“AfterIwastestedtoseewhichgroupIbelongedto”可推知，作者在50岁前报名参加了法语培训班。signupfor“报名参加”。6答案与解析：A根据该句中的“AfterIwastestedtoseewhichgroupIbelongedto”可知，作者在上课前参加了分班考试，被分到了几乎是初级水平的班。7答案与解析：B根据该句中的“manyofthestudentswerelearningFrenchasathird, fourthorev
34、enfifthlanguage”和语境可推知，作者很吃惊班里许多学生把法语作为第三、第四甚至第五语言来学习。8答案与解析：C根据第一段“Veryfewofusbecomefluentinanotherlanguagebylearningitinhighschool”和对第二段的整体理解可推知，作者之前认为学习一门新语言会困难得不可思议。assumption“假定，假设”。9答案与解析：D根据该句中的“thatwasnolongerthecase”和下一句“I_10_newvocabularyratherslowly”可推知，作者之前一直认为自己是学得快的人。quick“敏捷的，迅速的”。10答
35、案与解析：A根据上一句中的“learner”可推知，作者学新词汇学得相当慢。absorb“吸收”。11答案与解析：C根据空后一句可推知，作者学了一个星期的东西很快就忘了。slipaway“消失”符合语境。12答案与解析：B根据该句中的“overandover”可推知，同样的单词和语言结构作者要反复查看才行。13答案与解析：A根据该句中的“Now，afterseveralyearsoflearning”和语境可推知，作者的法语水平有了很大的提高，可以一遍听懂90%的法语新闻。catch“领会”。14答案与解析：C根据该句中的“dowellinaconversationifitdoesntgoto
36、ofast”可推知，如果小说不太难的话作者还是能够读懂的。15答案与解析：C根据该句中的“makefoolsofthemselvesinordertolearnsomethingnew”可推知，为了学习语言而让自己出丑，这需要勇气。16答案与解析：B根据语境和空后的“inspirational”可知，作者遇到了有耐心(patient)且有感召力的老师。simple“普通的，平凡的，一般的”不符合语境。17答案与解析：D作者也听给法国人听的新闻。present“展示”符合语境。18答案与解析：A根据该句中的“fromanotherviewpoint”并结合语境和常识可推知，此处表示“某些事物从另一个角度看是如何完全不同的”。19答案与解析：B根据上一句中的“Ihavearenewedunderstandingofhowsomethingcanlook_18_differentfromanotherviewpoint”可推知，作者意识到语言也是一种思维方式。20答案与解析：C根据上文可知，作者在50岁之前报法语班学习法语，其当时只有初级水平，但经过几年学习后，其法语水平有了很大的提高。由此可推知，作者意识到学习新事物什么时候都不晚。
