1、2017届山东省枣庄十八中高三英语4月份阶段性自测题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解ALarger brain size linked to longer life in deerThe size of a female animals brain may determine whether they live longer and have more healthy offspring (后代), according to new research led by the University of Cambridge.The study, published in the Roy
2、al Society Open Science journal, shows that female red deer with larger brains live longer and have more surviving offspring than those with smaller brains. Brain size is passed down through the generations. This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals an
3、d draws on data comparing seven generations of deer.Across species of mammals, brain size varies widely. This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain. Mammals with larger brains may, for example, have greater cognitive abilities that enable
4、them to adapt better to environmental changes or they may have longer lifespans (寿命) . But there may also be disadvantages: for instance, larger brains require more energy, so individuals that possess them may show reduced fertility (繁殖力).The researchers, based at the University of Cambridges Zoolog
5、y Department and Edinburgh Universitys Institute of Evolutionary Biology, wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or non-genetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by comparing the longevity (长寿) and survival of individuals of the same species with different sized b
6、rains. Using the skulls of 1,314 wild red deer whose life histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of Rum, they found that females with larger endocranial volumes (脑腔容量) lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their
7、lives.Lead author Dr Corina Logan, a Gates Cambridge Scholar, says, “The reasons for the association between brain size and longevity are not known, but other studies have suggested that larger brains are a consequence of the longer-lived species having longer developmental periods in which the brai
8、n can grow. These hypotheses (假设) were generated from cross-species correlations; however, testing such hypotheses requires investigations at the within-species level, which is what we did.”Dr Logan adds, “We found that some of the cross-species predictions about brain size held for female red deer,
9、 and that none of the predictions were supported in male red deer. This indicates that each sex likely experiences its own set of trade-offs (权衡，协调) with regard to brain size.” The study also showed that females relative endocranial volume is smaller than that of males, despite evidence of selection
10、 for larger brains in females.Professor Tim Clutton-Brock, who set up the Rum Red Deer study with Fiona Guinness in 1972 and initiated the work on brain size, points out, “The reason that this kind of study has not been conducted before is that it requires long term records of a large number of indi
11、viduals across multiple generations and data of this kind are still rare in wild animals.”1What does the new research about brain size reveal?A. Large-brain red deer tend to be more reproductive.B. Large-brain female deer survive small-brain male deer.C. Brain size causes individual differences in s
12、ome mammals.D. Brain size has been increasing from generation to generation.2For different species of mammals, brain size varies widely in that _.A. mammals can develop different adaptive abilitiesB. a larger brain has its advantages and disadvantagesC. different mammals are born with different life
13、spansD. brain size is affected by genetic or non-genetic factors3What can we learn about the relation between brain size and longevity?A. The cause and effect needs to be further investigated.B. Brain size absolutely determines animals longevity.C. Longer-lived species allow brains to grow to a larg
14、e size.D. The cross-species assumptions apply to red deer of both sexes.4What can we infer from Professor Tim Clutton-Brocks words?A. Researchers cant possibly reach a conclusion about the reason.B. Researchers are not patient enough to keep long term records.C. Such research has been thoroughly con
15、ducted on wild animals before.D. Such research will witness great difficulty in the long-term process.BChina has more than 30 intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) recognized by the UNESCO, including paper-cutting, the Dragon Boat Festival, Peking Opera, acupuncture(针灸) and so on. The organization a
16、dopted a decision that Chinas “The Twenty-Four Solar Terms”(二十四节气) should be put on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016 in Ethiopia.The Twenty-Four Solar Terms, knowledge of time and practices in agriculture, starts from the Beginning of Spring and ends wi
17、th the Greater Cold, moving in cycles. It developed through thee observation of the suns annual movement in China. In ancient time, the method of tugui, earth sundial(日暑), was used to measure the shadow of the sun for determining the solar terms.The Twenty-Four Solar Terms came into being and develo
18、ped in close relationship with Chinese agricultural production. At the initial stage of agricultural development, people began to explore the seasonal rules in the agricultural production to meet the needs in seeding, harvesting and other activities. Gradually, they formed the concept of “seed in sp
19、ring, grow in summer, harvest in autumn and store in winter”. During the spring and autumn periods, the agricultural production was highly influenced by the seasonal changes, thus forming the concept of Solar Terms.As a traditional Chinese knowledge system of time with a history of thousands of year
20、s, the Twenty-Four Solar Terms clearly expresses the concepts of respect for nature, and harmony between man and nature. Created by Chinese ancestors, it has functioned as a complete set of weather calendar(日历) to guide the agricultural production in China. It has also been introduced into North Kor
21、ea, Japan and other neighboring countries and still used in Japan. The Chinese heritage has provably influenced the peoples way of thinking and behaving and will continue to be an important carrier of Chinese cultural identity.5According to the first two paragraphs, the Twenty-Four Solar Terms_.A. w
22、as used to measure the shadow of the sunB. has not been listed as one intangible cultural heritage of humanityC. repeats from the Beginning of Spring to the Greater Cold every yearD. is the best intangible cultural heritage recognized by the UNESCO6We can learn from the text that _ in China in the p
23、ast.A. the Twenty-Four Solar Terms only influenced spring and autumnB. the Twenty-Four Solar Terms had something to do with agricultureC. people cared about the changes of weather just for funD. agricultural production highly influenced the seasonal changes7We can infer from the text that the Twenty
24、-Four Solar Terms _.A. is an agricultural calendar merely used in ChinaB. is strongly influenced by North Korea and JapanC. is scarcely connected with natural relesD. is part of traditional Chinese cultureCSoon enough, we will lose some of the most amazing sites on Earth!The Great Barrier Reef-Risin
25、g air temperatures will cause sea temperatures to rise as well. All life supported by the oceans will be affected with this shock to their ecosystem. Coral are some of the most vulnerable marine animals and we are already watching whole reefs disappear. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is no exce
26、ption and will continue to shrink as the temperatures rise! These reefs are some of the best in the world for diving, but they will soon disappear!Venice-Sprawing across(横跨)hundreds of small islands in Northeast Italy, Venice is at extreme risk of sinking into the Adriatic Sea. Rising sea levels are
27、 in fact a serious threat to many coastal cities located at sea level. Lucky for us, however, Venice is developing a series of sea walls to protect the city in times of high tide.Glacier(冰川)National Park-Glacier National Park was once covered by over 150 glaciers, but by 2005 it only had about 27! L
28、ocated in Montana, Canada, this park is over a million acres and has a huge plant and wildlife population. As temperatures rise, the glaciers and ice melt, which will upset the ecosystems sustaining over a thousand plant species and hundreds of animals.The Amazon-The cause behind the disappearance o
29、f these fantastic places ultimately comes down to humans. Our expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land, fuel and materials, but rarely considers the consequences. These forests are sources of food and medicine for just about everyone on the planet!What will happen if we lose these va
30、luable places and beautiful destinations?!8According to the text, what is causing corals death?A. Rising sea levelsB. Humans diving activitiesC. Rising sea temperaturesD. The shrinkage(缩小)of their habitats9What can we infer from the part of “Venice”?A. Venice is the only coastal city of ItalyB. Many
31、 places are in the risk of sinking below the sea levelC. Venice will never sink because of the protection of sea wallsD. Italy consists of hundreds of small islands in the Adriatic Sea10What can we learn about Glacier National Park from the text?A. It covers a large area in MontanaB. It is covered b
32、y over 150 glaciersC. Plant species and animals in it have died outD. It doesnt support any living thing for its cold11Which sites shrinking reason differs from the other sites?A. The Great Barrier Reef B. VeniceC. Glacier National Park D. The AmazonDA new generation addiction is quickly spreading a
33、ll over the world. Weboholism, a twentieth century disease, affects people from different ages. They surf the net, use email and speak in chat rooms. They spend many hours on the computer, and it becomes a compulsive habit. They cannot stop, and it affects their lives.Ten years ago, no one thought t
34、hat using computers could become compulsive behavior that could affect the social and physical life of computer users. This obsessional behavior has affected teenagers and college students. They are likely to log on computers and spend long hours at different websites.They become hooked on computers
35、 and gradually their social and school life is affected by this situation. They spend all free time surfing and dont concentrate on homework, so this addiction influences their grades and success at school. Because they can find everything on the websites, they hang out there. Moreover, this addicti
36、on to websites influences their social life.They spend more time in front of computers than with their friends. The relation with their friends changes. The virtual life becomes more important than their real life. They have a new language that they speak in the chat rooms and it causes cultural cha
37、nges in society.Because of the change in their behavior, they begin to isolate themselves from the society and live with their virtual friends. They share their emotions and feelings with friends who they have never met in their life. Although they feel confident on the computer, they are not confid
38、ent with real live friends they have known all their life. It is a problem for the future. This addictive behavior is beginning to affect all the world.12According to the author, Weboholism is _.A. a disease that appears among the youthB. an obsessive behavior that focuses on the virtual worldC. a k
39、ind of compulsive habit that does good to peoples lifeD. a compulsive habit which focuses on the real life13The underlined phrase in the third paragraph means “_”.A. be addicted to B. be interested inC. be curious about D. be eager for14From paragraph 3 to 5, students hooked on computers usually _.h
40、ave poor performance in classare willing to talk with their familiesare confident enough with their close friendsprefer to spend long hours in the chat rooms with a new languageA. B. C. D. 15The writers attitude towards phenomenon of Weboholism is _.A. supportive B. concernedC. indifferent D. neutra
41、l二、完形填空When I spent the summer with my Grandpa in Warwick, he sent me to Miss Bees store. _ the counter was Miss Bee. A pair of glasses teetered(摇摇欲坠) on the _ of her nose, gray hair was_ on her head.“Excuse me. I need to get these. ” I said. “So?” She pushed her glasses_ her nose. “Theres no one he
42、re except you and me and Im not your_ . Go get them. If youre lucky youll finish shopping by sundown. ” Sundown was five hours _ . I wasnt sure l would _ it .How could I hope to find anything on the packed, jumbled(乱堆的)shelves around me?I visited Miss Bee several times a week. Sometimes she short-ch
43、arged me. Other times she overcharged. _ she sold me a/an_ newspaper instead of one that was current. Going to the store was more like going into battle.“That bread is only twenty-nine cents!” I corrected her one afternoon. I had watched the numbers change on the cash register (收款机) closely, and Mis
44、s Bee had added 35 cents. She didnt seem _ that I had caught her _ . She just looked at me and_. the price.All summer I learned the hard way to_my list. But she still found ways to _ me into making mistakes. No sooner had I memorized the items location on the shelf than Miss Bee _ the shelves and ma
45、de me hunt for_all over again. The morning I was to _ to Brooklyn, I stopped in to get a packet of gum.“All right,” she said. “What did you learn this summer?” She was mean! I pressed my lips together. To my _ , Miss Bee laughed. “I know what you think of me,” she said. “ but when you get older youl
46、l be glad our paths _!” Glad I met Miss Bee? The idea was_.Now I grow up and I finally understand I really learned a lot from Miss Bee.16A. On. B. Under. C. Behind. D. Over.17A. bottom. B. side. C. tip. D. middle.18A. piled. B. covered. C. grown. D. worn.19A. down. B. up. C. out. D. over.20A. boss.
47、B. guest. C. customer. D. maid.21A. before. B. away. C. about. D. off.22A. make. B. depend on. C. see to. D. keep.23A. But. B. And. C. Or. D. So.24A. new. B. bad. C. broken. D. old.25A. pleased. B. embarrassed. C. excited. D. satisfied.26A. paying more. B. charging more. C. charging less. D. paying
48、less.27A. increased. B. rewarded. C. corrected. D. raised.28A. add up. B. bring up. C. look up. D. put up.29A. arguing. B. forcing. C. persuading. D. tricking.30A. rebuilt. B. rearranged. C. regained. D. reclaimed.31A. them. B. her. C. it. D. him.32A. leave. B. start. C. come. D. return.33A. amazeme
49、nt. B. joy. C. regret. D. disappointment.34A. led. B. crossed. C. went. D. passed.35A. reasonable. B. instructive. C. absurd. D. wise.三、七选五Most teens need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. But many teens have trouble sleeping. Lack of sleep can affect sports performance, increase our chances of get
50、ting sick, and may be linked to weight gain in some people. How can we get sleep we need? Here are some ideas:37 Youve probably noticed how much running around kids do and how soundly they sleep. Take a tip from a little child and get at least 60 minutes of exercise a day. Physical activity can decr
51、ease stress and help people feel more relaxed. Just dont work out too close to bedtime because exercise can wake you up.Avoid alcohol and drugs. Lots of people think that alcohol or drugs will make them relaxed, but thats not the case. Drugs and alcohol disturb sleep. 38Say goodnight to electronics.
52、 39 Youd better make your bedroom a tech-free zone, at least shut everything down an hour or more before lights out.Keep a sleep routine. Going to bed at the same time every night helps sleep. 40 So you can relax by reading, listening to music or spending time with a pet.Expect a good nights sleep.
53、41 Say, “Tonight, I will sleep well” several times during the day. It can also help to practice breathing exercises or gentle yoga poses before bed.A. Be active during the day.B. Do some extreme sports.C. Either of them will make a person wake up at night.D. Expert recommend using the bedroom for sl
54、eep only.E. Creating a set bedtime procedure can improve this relaxation effect.F. Instead of worrying that you wont sleep, remind yourself that you can.G. You can consult a doctor who will give you suggestions on how to sleep well.四、语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Miss Saigon is a popular m
55、usical 42 (produce) by the creators of Les Miserables in 1989.It 43 (set) in 1975 during the Vietnam War.Chris, 44 American soldier,meets Kim,a young Vietnamese woman,and they quickly fall in love. 45 deeply are they in love that they offer to stay together forever,and Chris tries 46 (desperate) to
56、take herb back with him to the US.However,Chris has to leave Vietnam with the American troops and Kim is left 47 .Chris ends up living in the US and getting married.A few years later,Chris finds out that Kim is still alive and 48 (give) birth to his son.He returns to Vietnam 49 (find) Kim and his so
57、n.However,since Chris will not leave his wife for Kim,the story ends tragically.Kim commits suicide 50 despair,hoping that Chris 51 (take) their son back to the US so that he can have a better life.The emotional tale of Miss Saigon has become one of the most popular musicals in history.五、短文改错假定英语课上老
58、师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及二个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。As the saying goes, chance favored the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my experience.I was not chosen as
59、 member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I decided to give up play volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped me but pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation which led to my failure. After that, I practiced playing volleyball on every day. When another tryout a
60、rrived, I was full prepared and tried my best. As a result, I was selected and became an important player on our school team.From this, I am firmly convincing that we are able to seize a chance as long as I get well prepared六、书面表达52假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华，你校交换生Jim在给你的email中提到他对学生会组织的活动感兴趣，并希望你给他提供一项适合他参加的活动
61、。请你给Jim回邮件，内容包括：活动名称及意图;活动具体安排;邀请他参加。注意：1词数不少于50；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua参考答案1C2B3A4D5C6B7D8C9B10A11D12B13A14C15B16C17C18A19B20D21B22A23C24D25B26B27C28A29D30B31A32D33A34B35C37A38C39D40E41F42produced43is set44an45So46desperately47behind48has given49to find50in51will take52Dear Jim, I a
62、m so happy to know that you are interested in the activities that the Students Union will organize.Next Saturday, there will be a field trip to the Olympic Forest Park. Students will be walking 5km there. We will meet at 8 at the gate of the park and start our walking. All students will wear the T-s
63、hirts with our special logo. At the end of the activity we will take a group picture. I strongly recommend it. I believe it is a good way to get close to nature, work out, have fun and promote the relationship. It will help you know more about your companions. Whats more, it is wonderful to exercise while enjoying the great view.Please join us!Yours,Li Hua
