1、第四讲并列句和状语从句的写作一、并列句并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。在实际短文写作中，使用并列句可以使句式多样化，从而提高短文的弹性和可读性。1常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系(递进关系)and，bothand，not onlybut also，neithernor，when转折关系but，yet，whereas选择关系or，otherwise，or else，eitheror，notbut因果关系for，so，therefore，thus对比关系whileThis boy did hi
2、s work carefully，so he never made any mistake.这个小伙子工作认真，从不出差错。Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday.吉姆上星期不但写信给我，而且昨天还来看过我。The man lives simply，for he has been out of work for a long time.这个人生活简朴，因为他已经失业很长时间了。Call a taxi or you wont be able to catch the underground trai
3、n.给出租车打电话，否则你赶不上地铁了。Im a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.我是中国的一名学生，打算在暑假期间到英国参加一个假期课程。Talents come from diligence，and knowledge is gained by accumulation.天才在于勤奋，知识在于积累。2并列连词构成的常用句式(1)and构成的句式祈使句and陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)。Wor
4、k hard and you will succeed.(If you work hard，you will succeed.)努力学习，你就会成功。名词词组and陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more，another等词)。Another try，and youll make a success.再试一次，你就会取得成功。(2)or(else)/otherwise构成的句式祈使句or(else)/otherwise陈述句。Seize the chance，or(else)youll regret.抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。名词词组or(else)/otherwise陈
5、述句。More healthy food，or youll break down early or late.多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。(3)when构成的句式sb.was doing sth.when某人正在做某事，这时Just last year, I was conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.去年我正在班级里组织一个专题研讨会的时候，突然有人敲门。sb.was about to do sth.when某人正要做某事，这时I was about to give up when my
6、father came and encouraged me to keep going.我正要打算放弃的时候，我父亲出现了并鼓励我继续下去。sb.had just done sth.when某人刚做完某事，这时I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang.我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。二、状语从句在英语写作中，状语从句的运用也是高考英语高分作文的必需条件，所以考生必须学会并熟练运用状语从句。状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。状语从句在句首时，往往用逗号把从句与主句隔
7、开。1引导状语从句的连词分类状语从句连词时间when, whenever, as, while, before, after，till, until, as soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the moment, the minute, the second，the day, immediately地点where, wherever, everywhere条件if, unless, providing/provided
8、that, supposing/suppose that，as long as, so long as，on condition that，in case，only if，if only原因because, as, since, now that, seeing that，considering that，in that让步though, although, even if, even though，as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever，wherever, however, no matter疑问词， whetheror比较as，than，the sam
9、e as，not soas，asas方式as if，as though目的in order that，so that，in case，for fear that，for the purpose that结果so that，sothat，suchthat，that在写好简单句的基础上，要写好含状语从句的复合句，掌握引导每种状语从句的连词是关键，因为状语从句内的结构与简单句相同，我们需要什么状语从句，只需在句前加上相应的连词即可。当然我们还需分清复合句中哪句是主句，哪句是从句。当你再读一遍这首诗后，你将更好地理解它的含义。即使失败十次，我们也不会灰心。2状语从句的常用句型结构(1)时间状语从句Wh
10、en/While/As从句主句Only when everyone does what is really needed can we actually protect our earth.只有每个人都做了所需要做的，我们才能真正地保护我们的地球。I was on my way to bookstore when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.在我去书店的路上一个10岁左右的小女孩被一辆经过的汽车撞了。主句after/before从句They hadnt been married for four months be
11、fore they divorced.他们结婚不到四个月就离婚了。We went home after we finished the work.我们完成工作就回家了。主句until从句I worked until he came back.我一直工作到他回来。I didnt work until he came back.他回来后我才开始工作。No soonerhad主语donethan主语did(注意：其正常语序是：主语hadno soonerdonethan主语did)No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.I had no so
12、oner got to Beijing than I called you.我一到北京就给你打电话了。By the time(that)从句主句(注意：主句用完成时态)By the time you came back，I had finished reading this book.到你回来时，我已经读完这本书了。By the time you come back，I will have finished reading this book.到你回来时，我将读完这本书。Each/Every time(that)从句主句(each/every time相当于whenever或no matter
13、 when)Each time he comes to Harbin，he always drops in on me.每次他来哈尔滨的时候，他总会顺便来看我。(2)地点状语从句主句where从句Farming is difficult or impossible where there is no rain.在没有雨水的地方种庄稼是很难的或者说是不可能的。Anywhere/Wherever从句主句Anywhere I go，my wife goes，too.无论我去哪儿，我的妻子也都要跟着去。(3)条件状语从句When/So long as/As long as/Once从句主句(从句也可以
14、放在主句之后)As long as you give me some money，I will let you go.只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。主句on condition that从句I will go with you on condition that you give me a sum of money.我和你一起去的条件是你给我一些钱。Were/Should/Had主语谓语主句Were I you，I would have gone there yesterday.如果我是你的话，昨天我就去那儿了。主句unless从句(注意：从句谓语动词用肯定形式)I will go there
15、 tomorrow unless it rains.如果明天不下雨，我就去那儿。Ifnecessary/impossible/important主句(从句常用省略句式)If necessary, I will spare no effort to help him/her to improve English.如果有需要的话，我将不遗余力地帮助他/她提升英语。(4)原因状语从句主句for fear (that)/considering that/seeing that从句Take your raincoat for fear (that) it may rain.带上你的雨衣，恐怕要下雨。主句
16、because从句I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.因为我病了，所以我开会缺席了。As/Since从句主句Since she cant answer this question，its better to ask someone else.既然她不会回答这个问题，最好问其他人。(5)让步状语从句No matter what/which/who/where/when/whose从句主句(注意：从句常用一般现在时)Whenever it is possible，I would join in others to help those w
17、ho are in need of aid.无论何时，只要有可能，我都会和其他人一起去帮助那些需要援助的人。No matter where you go，please let me know.Wherever you go，please let me know.你无论去哪儿，请通知我。形容词/副词/名词as/though主语谓语主句(从句中名词作表语时，其前不加冠词)Hard as he works，I am sure that he cant pass this exam.虽然他学习很努力，但我认为这次考试他肯定通不过。Boy as he is，he is his mothers good
18、help.尽管他还是个孩子，他已经是妈妈的好帮手了。(6)目的状语从句主句in order that/so that从句I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早，以便能赶上第一趟公交车。(7)结果状语从句主句so that从句I invited you to join us in the activity at that time so that we enjoyed it together.我当时邀请你和我们一起参加了那个活动，结果我们在一起玩得很开心。So形容词/副词系动词/助动词主语that从句So in
19、teresting is this book that I would like to read it again.这本书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。主语谓语such名词that从句He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher.他取得了如此大的进步，因此老师表扬了他。Such be主语that从句Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸力如此巨大，以至于所有的窗户都被震碎了。.用适当的连词填空1Either you a
20、re right，_ I am.2He is poor，_ he is clever and noblehearted.3The walls are green，_ the ceiling is white.4Tom must be in，_ the light in his room is on.5We were about to set off _ it suddenly began to rain.6_ I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person.7_ time goes on，its getting war
21、mer and warmer.8_ had I got home when it began to rain.9Youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.10_ clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.【答案】1.or2.yet3.while4.for5.when6.While7.As8.Hardly9.where10.So.把下列每题中的两个简单句合并为一个并列句或含有状语从句的复合句1He was tired.He
22、went to bed._2Our teacher must be at home.The door is open._3He is considered to be a good writer.His works are not widely read._4I was walking in the street.I saw an old friend of mine._5You will be late.You leave immediately._6Take more exercise.Youll get really fit._7We must study hard.Knowledge
23、is power._8Students can improve their writing ability in this way.They can strengthen their selfconfidence._【答案】1.He was tired so he went to bed./Because he was tired，he went to bed.2.Our teacher must be at home，for the door is open.3.He is considered to be a good writer，but his works are not widely
24、 read.4.I was walking in the street when I saw an old friend of mine.5.You will be late unless you leave immediately.6.Take more exercise，and youll get really fit.7.We must study hard because knowledge is power.8.Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way but they can also stren
25、gthen their selfconfidence. .完成句子1_ English, but he does well in math.(not only)他不仅擅长英语，他也擅长数学。2_ that I had any idea of it.(notuntil)直到你告诉我这件事我才知道。3_，he was lying in bed.(time)我上次见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。4I have kept the portrait _，as it always reminds me of my university days in London.(where)我把照片放在我每天能看到的地
26、方，因为它会使我想起我在伦敦上大学的日子。5_，you will surely succeed.(as long as)只要你继续学习，你就一定会成功。【答案】1.Not only does he do well in2.It was not until you told me3.The last time I saw James4.where I can see it every day5.As long as you keep on studying.根据写作要求和内容，用合适的连词填入空格处(每空一词)，并背诵该范文All of us experience failure every n
27、ow and then.A sportsman may fail in a match，1._ a student may fail in his examination.I can still remember the sports meeting 2._ I was in primary school.I took part in the 1,500meter race on that day.At first, I was afraid that I couldnt finish such a long distance.I nearly gave up 3._ my classmate
28、s encouraged me.4._ I was not the first one in the race, I thought this was a success for me.5_ you are a winner or loser in your life，you should be confident in what you have done.Sometimes the result is not very important.We should pay more attention to enjoying doing it.We should set a good attitude towards failures and try to deal with them with a calm and cool mind.【答案】1.and2.when3.but4.Although5.Whether
