1、必修四M1：New words:1. alternative 1) n(二者当中)选一个；供选择的东西；have no alternative but to do =have no choice but to do2) adj.(二者当中)选其一的；非此即彼的;无比较级形式alternative energy替代性能源alternative ways可供选择的方法3)alternatively adv.两者挑一地I had no money，so I had no alternative but to stay at home.因为我没有钱，所以除了待在家里别无选择。Do you have a
2、n alternative solution to the problem?你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？The road was blocked，so we went by an alternative road.这条路被封锁了，因此我们走了另一条路。We could take the train or alternatively go by car.2. prediction n. CU预言;预报, 预告make a prediction / make predictions 作预测v. predict 预言某事将发生，预报Forecasters predict thunder stor
3、ms in London for Royal Wedding.adj. predictable 可预言的，可预报的 The earthquake has been predicted several months before. Do you take seriously his prediction of a government defeat? I knew youd say that-you are so predictable. risky adj.risk n./v.risk doing sth.冒危险；明知也要做at risk (of) 处于危险之中The World Food P
4、rogram ( WFP) warned that Libya is at risk of a full-blown food security crisis within the next 45 to 60 days.put ones life at risk冒生命危险at the risk of losing ones life 冒危险takerun a risk 冒危险a risky undertaking 一份风险大的事业 There is no/not much risk of her failing. We mustnt risk getting caught in a storm
5、. 4.load 1) n负荷；重担；装载量；工作量；负载量；重任；a load of/loads of很多；许多bear a load on ones shoulders挑起重担take a load off ones mind解除某人的思想负担Dont worry；there is loads of time.不用担心，时间很充裕。The good news have take a load off my mind. 听了这个好消息我就放心了2) vt.装载；使担负；vi.装货；装料load with. 把某物装上/进物体中load a truck/ a ship/ a train wit
6、h goods给卡车/轮船/火车装货链接：fill with equip with fit with cover with linewithload sth. into把装入(某设备)Her recovery took a load off my mind. 她恢复了健康，使我卸下了心中重担。The truck was loaded with bananas.那卡车装载着香蕉。He helped me load my furniture onto the truck.他帮我把家具装上卡车。Please load the new film into the camera.请把新胶卷装进照相机里。
7、5.arrest vt.逮捕，扣留，阻止；吸引； arrest sb.for sth. 因某事而逮捕某人be/get arrested 被逮捕Six children, two wives of Bin Laden were arrested along with his four close friends.arrest ones attention 引起某人的注意 n.逮捕be under arrest. 被逮捕, 被拘留place/put sb. under arrest., 成为囚犯)You could get arrested for doing that.干那种事可能要遭逮捕。)T
8、he policeman arrested the man for speeding. 警察以超速的罪名逮捕了那个人。3)The new medicine arrested the spread of the disease.该新药阻止了疾病的蔓延。4) An unusual painting arrested his attention.一幅不寻常的油画吸引了他的注意。5)She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. 她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。6.limit 1）n界限，限制set strict limits作了严格的限制within limits适度
9、地，节制地without limits无限地2) vt.限制，限定limit.to把限制内3)limited adj. 有限的Theres a limit to what I can do for you.我能为你做的事有限(不能什么事都为你做)。The task is too much for me.I know my limits.那工作对我来说太吃力了。我知道自己能力有限。His patience reached its limit. 他的忍耐已经到了极限。You must limit your speech to half an hour.你必须把演讲限制在半小时内。We are do
10、ing our best with the limited resources available.我们利用可获得的有限资源，尽最大努力。mand 1) n. U，C 命令，指挥；U 控制；have/take command of指挥；控制；do sth.at/by ones command奉某人之命做某事be at ones command 听某人吩咐have a good command of 对掌握得好；精通=have a good knowlege ofin/under the command of sb.由某人统率(1)The police arrived and took comm
11、and of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。(2)The army is under the kings command. 军队由国王直接统领。(3)Applicants will be expected to have a good command of English.申请人必须精通英语。(4)He has a good command/ knowledge of the English language. 2)v.命令，指挥；掌握；拥有command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事command that. (should) do 命令做同义词：orde
12、r普通用法 command 用于军事上的意义(5)The captain commanded the soldiers to fire.上校命令士兵开火。(6)He commanded that we (should) cross the river at once.他命令我们立即过河。 (7)The officer commanded his men to fire. (8)The teacher ordered that he (should) go out of the classroom.8.charge 1) n费用，价钱；主管，掌管free of chargefor free/ f
13、or nothing免费Whats the charge for? 收费多少？in charge (of)主管；负责；照顾in the charge ofin ones charge由某人负责，由某人管理under the charge of在负责之下take charge of掌管；负责，看管2) v.控诉；收费；充电charge sb. with sth.因某事控告某人=accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事charge sb.(money) for sth.向某人索取的费用charge a battery将电池充电charge a gun 给枪装弹What is the char
14、ge for using the hall? 大厅的使用费是多少？He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.经理不在时，他负责这个商店。The shop was in the charge of him while the manager was away.经理不在时，这个商店由他负责。He took charge of the farm after his fathers death.父亲去世后，他掌管了农场They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.他们一杯咖啡向我要
15、价5美元。The man was charged with theft.这个人被控告盗窃罪。9.attach 1)vt.系，贴，附上；连接，参加；使附属，使隶属attach .to . 把系到; 连接到上attach a label to the bottle 贴标签于瓶上attach oneself to sb./sth.依附于某人/参加某事He attached his horse to a tree. 他将马栓在树上。2)attached adj.(作表语)依恋的；附属于be attached to sb./sth.依恋，留恋，爱慕某人/某事物；隶属于 I attached myself
16、 to a group of tourists entering the museum.我随着一队游客进入了博物馆。Do you attach any importance to what he said?你认为他说的话重要吗？Its easy to become attached to the children you work with.喜欢上和你相处的孩子们很容易。The hospital is attached to that university.这医院附属于那所大学。Phrases:1. for sure 肯定的, 有把握的He will be here for sure with
17、in an hour. 他肯定会在一个小时内到这儿的。make sure of /about/that确保Before you leave, youd better make sure the lights are switched off.be sure to do （说话人确定）be sure of sth /doing (主语确定)He is sure of his success.He is sure to succeed.2. run out of用完 链接：1) sb./sth. run out of 某人/ 物 用完了2) sth. run out 某物（时间，食物，金钱等）用完
18、3) give out vi. 用尽，精疲力竭，4) use up vt. 用完，消耗尽The car ran out of petrol after ten miles.这辆小汽车跑了10英里就没油了。We are running out of our time.Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。His strength gave out after he ran that long distance.跑完这么长一段距离，他已精疲力竭。My money has been used up，so I have to return home.我的钱已经用完了，因
19、此我必须回家。 run out 其他意思 We ran him out of the town.我们把他驱逐出镇子。 It was an insurance policy that had run out.那是一张已过期的保险单。例题：The photographer needs to charge up the digital camera every day as the battery _ quickly. Ashuts up Bends up Cruns out Dturns out3. rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信任；信赖rely on sb. to do sth=depe
20、nd on 指望某人做；相信某人rely on sb doing sth会做。 rely on it that. 相信，指望Dont rely on my seeing you off.不要指望我为你送行。I rely on her to pay back the money.I rely on her paying back the money. 我相信她会还钱。You may rely on it that he will come to meet you .你放心好了，他会来接你的。4.get rid ofrid.of摆脱，丢掉；除去，赶走1) Ive tried all sorts o
21、f medicines to get rid of this cold.为了治好感冒，我已经试用了各种药物。2) The young man made up his mind to get rid of his bad habit.这个年轻人决心改掉坏习惯。3)You must get rid of all your worries and have a good rest.你必须排除所有的担心，好好休息一下。4) He just sat there talking all evening and I could not get rid of him.他就在那儿坐着谈了整整一个晚上，我不能把他
22、赶走。链接：get across 使通过；使被理解get along 过活；相处（with）；进展get down (to sth./doing sth) 写下; 着手(开始认真)做get in 进入，参加；收（获），收回；插入（放）get into 对发生兴趣；卷入；进入get off （从）下来；逃脱惩罚get on 骑上（马、自行车等），登上（车、船、飞机等）；有进展get on with 与友好相处；继续干get over 克服（困难等）；从（疾病、失望、震惊等）中恢复过来get rid of 处理掉；摆脱get through 完成；打通电话；通过（考试）get together 聚
23、会get to ones feet 站起来get up 起床；起立Im afraid your daughter failed to get through her midterm exams.恐怕你的女儿没有通过期中考试。Language points:1. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earths natural resources run out.将来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。1)care n. 爱护；关爱；关心；忧虑；烦恼（worry）Take care
24、 of your brother while Im away.我不在时，照顾好你弟弟。Care killed a cat.(谚)忧虑伤身。He was worried by all the cares of the family. 他为家庭的各种牵累所烦脑。 Cross the street with care. 过马路要留神。 Address my mail in care of Mary. 我的邮件请由玛丽转交。 He left the child in the care of a neighbour while he was away.他不在家时让邻居照顾孩子。 2) v. care f
25、or 喜欢; 照顾; 想要care about 关心, 在乎2. Here are some of the ideas they had 倒装3. Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.每个人一出生就会给一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会改变。 1)no matter wh-/ how 引导的让步状语从句。no matter无论；不管，后接what/who/which/where/when/how等连词。2)no
26、 matterwh-/how也可改为what/who/which/where/when/howeverno matter疑问词只能引导让步状语从句，而whever除了引导状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句 。Whoever/No matter who wants to visit the museum，he must ask our teacher for permission. 无论谁想去参观博物馆，他都需经老师同意。Whoever wants to visit the museum must ask our teacher for permission.（此句不可用no matter who替
27、换)No matter how hard he tried，he couldnt get her to change her mind.不管他怎样努力劝说，也没能使她改变主意。My parents always waited up for me，no matter what time I got home.无论我什么时候回家，父母总是(不去睡觉)等着我。4. Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having
28、 its own telesurgery outpatient clinic. (随着每一个城市都有了自己的远程手术门诊部.)With time passing by, our country is becoming stronger and stronger.With homework finished, John went home.With a book in his hand, our teacher came in.With his attention _(concentrate/fix) on the novel, he didnt notice the teacher came
29、in.1)With the food _, he had to go out to buy something. A. running out of B. run out C. running out D. run out of2)With so much homework _, Tom has to stay at home. A. to do B. to be done C. done D. doing5. Im too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future！我现在忙于享受生活，而无暇为未来担忧！1)too.to . 太而不
30、能做某事2)某些形容词与too.to.句型连用时，too(very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。3)如在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，“too.to.”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有赞赏的感情色彩。4)“too.to.”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论也不过分，越越好” 。They are too young to understand such things.他们太年轻还不懂这些事情。Its too good an opportunity to miss.这真是一个很好的机会，不能错过。He is too willing to follow others advice.他极愿意接受别人的意见。Its never too careful to cross the road.过马路时越小心越好。
