1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家哈尔滨市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（11）及答案ASuddenly all the lights on that crowded underground train went outThen it stopped in that dark tunnelWe waited. We expected the lights to come on again soonBut nothing happenedThen I began to smell somethingYes, I could smell smokeSo 1 asked myself, I
2、s this train on fire? People around me then began to cry out in fearThe train is on fire! they criedThen the woman standing next to me suddenly fell on the floorI realized she was overcome by the smokeThen I saw flames appearingIf something does not happen soon, I said to myself, I will be burnt ali
3、ve!But as I stood there in the dark in that crowded burning train, I could see no way to escapeI thought, No one can save me from certain death but GodOnly God can make a way for any of us to escape death in this trainBefore the flames reached me, 1 found the open door and I climbed out of the train
4、 into the dark tunnelThen as quickly as I could, I ran from the burning train down the tunnelNow as I ran I could hear hundreds of people that were locked in that burning train, crying out for helpI knew I could do nothing to help them, so I ran onThen for two hours I kept walking in that dark train
5、 tunnelAt last I saw a light in the distanceI asked myself Why did God enable me to escape death? I decided, God must have a purpose for saving my lifeHe must want me to help other people experience what He could do for them41What caused the woman next to me to fall?AThe fire BFearCThe smoke DAnxiet
6、y42The passengers failed to escape because _Athey didnt find the way out Bthey were too frightened to moveCthe fire and smoke were too much D, too many people were in their way43What would the author most possibly do after he saw the exit from the tunnel?AGoing home BBlaming himselfCCalling reporter
7、s DReturning to help44Between which two paragraphs can the following paragraph be put?I cried, God, if it is not my time to die, please help me! Then I heard a noiseIt was like a door openingIt was on my right hand sideSo in the dark, I at once began to push my way forward to where that noise came f
8、rom .ABetween Paragraphs 2 and 3 BBetween Paragraphs 3 and 4 CBetween Paragraphs 4 and 5 DBetween Paragraphs 5 and 6*结束动词词义辨析动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, ta
9、lk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down,
10、turn up等。 （一）易混动词1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与list en to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see,
11、 watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，
12、是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。 8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat on
13、eself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。 10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。 11、
14、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。 12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。 14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则
15、用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。 15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。 16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。 17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spe
16、nd, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work. 18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing. 19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种
17、。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.20、begin与start begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we sh
18、ou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21、allow 与permit allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit. 22、find与found find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was fou
19、nded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It sa
20、id 。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me 与sorryexcuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、care for 与care to docare for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look
21、after相同。 26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据
22、的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to
23、, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in （二）动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。 (I)动词+副词(不及物) Harry
24、 turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。 (2)动词+副词(及物) Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。(3)动词+介词(及物)Im look
25、ing for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：Shes got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked aft
26、er. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。 (1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：hear from收到的来信，hear of听说。 look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话 put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。 (3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找, c
27、all for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for请求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：break out发生，爆炸, carry out进行，开展, go out熄灭, hand out分发, let out放出, look out当心, sell out卖完, set out出发, take out取出, work out算出。break down出毛病, come down落下来, get down下车, take down取下, write down写下。*结束NorwayTen Chinese coll
28、ege students arrived at the countrys Arctic research base, the Yellow River Station, on Friday.On Saturday, the students are expected to witness the end of four months of darkness in the area, as the sun makes a rare appearance.During their fourday stay at the station, the students will meet and lea
29、rn from some of Chinas leading polar researchers. They were welcomed at the station yesterday by its director, He Jianfeng, who is an expert on marine microecosystems(海洋微生态系统)The students will also visit the German and Norwegian stations and meet researchers there.As for entertainment，the visitors w
30、ill get the chance to play ice hockey at the worlds most northerly stadium.Among the visitors is Zheng Li, a student majoring in telecommunications at Dalian Marinetime University.“It is so exciting to see how the Chinese researchers work in the worlds most northerly laboratory，”she said.“This oppor
31、tunity is precious.Most people will never get the chance to travel so far from home and visit such an amazing place.Its a onceinalifetime thing.”Wu Jinyou, head of the Polar Research Institute of China, and the groups leader, said, “I hope the students have not only a field trip to the Yellow River
32、Station, but are also touched by the devotion and spirit of the Chinese researchers here. I also expect in the future, some of them will choose to devote themselves to polar research and maybe even work with us.”The students have been in Norway since February 28, and were given Arctic training befor
33、e moving to the station.The Arctic expedition is one of the several international cooperation and exchange activities forming the China Program for International Polar Year(20072008). It was launched last March.(China Daily, Xinhua News Agency, March 8, 2008)5Which of the following is TRUE about Wu
34、Jinyou?AHe is a graduate from Dalian Marinetime University.BHe is the leading polar researcher working at the research station.CHe is sure that all the ten students will make good polar researchers.DHe thinks highly of the devotion and spirit of the Chinese researchers.6What does Zheng Li mean by sa
35、ying “Its a onceinalifetime thing”？AIts exciting to see the sunrise in Arctic area.BThe trip to the research station is extremely exciting.CPlaying ice hockey in Arctic area is really a lifelong memory.DPeople are only allowed to visit the station once in their lifetime.7Which word can most probably
36、 replace the underlined word “launched”？Aended BstoppedCstarted Dperformed8What could be the best title of the news report?AChinese Students Arrive at the Arctic Station.BChinese Students Do Research in Norway.CChinese Students Play Ice Hockey at Arctic Station.DChinese Students Receive Training at
37、Arctic Station.答案本文讲述10个中国大学生在南极考察站参观学习的四天里的经历和体验。南极考察站之一的黄河站给他们留下了深刻的印象。5D。细节理解题。A项是Zheng Li而非Wu Jinyou；B项依据倒数第三段第一句话可知错误；C项本身叙述错误。依据文章倒数第三段中Wu Jinyou说的第一句话可知D项正确。6B。细节推断题。依据“It is so exciting to see how the Chinese researchers work in the worlds most northerly laboratory”及“Most people will never g
38、et the chance to travel so far from home and visit such an amazing place”这两句中的exciting及amazing可知B项正确。7C。词义推断题。语境是：南极考察活动是中国为国际极地年策划的众多国际合作与交流活动的一项。国际极地年从去年三月开始。由此可知C项正确。8A。主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了一个事实：中国学生到达了南极考察站。其他的所有内容都是围绕着他们到达南极站后展开的，故A项作为标题最合理。B项未提及；C项只是学生活动中的一项，不是主要内容；D项文章未提及。*结束 The Taj Mahal(泰姬陵)
39、 is to open on moonlit evenings 20 years after security fears ended night visits.Indias Supreme Court will allow the famous monument to love to open four nights a month, at the beginning for three months.The Taj, built in the 1600s by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as a shrine(神殿) for his wife, is a
40、World Heritage site.Only 400 visitors will be let in each night, and parking limitations will be strictly controlled around the marble mausoleum(陵墓)The Supreme Court announcement came as state officials in Uttar Pradesh were celebrating the Tajs 350th anniversary close to its site in the city of Agr
41、a.State tourism minister Kaukab Hamid described the ruling as “heartening”“This reopening of the Taj for moonlight viewing is going to draw fantastic crowds from across the globe，” he said.“We will ensure strict security and follow visitor guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court.”Tourist chiefs sa
42、id more than 300,000 foreigners visited the Taj Mahal site in 2003, but numbers are down since the terror attacks in the US on 11 September 2001.Night visits to the Taj, once a romantic highlight of any visit to India, were banned in 1984 for fear that militant(好战的) Sikhs battling the government wou
43、ld attack the shrine.The Sikh insurgency(锡克教叛乱) ended in the mid1990s, but Indian authorities have remained unwilling to let visitors back to the Taj after sunset.During the height of tensions between India and Pakistan in 2001, officials drew up plans to camouflage(伪装) the Taj to hid it from possib
44、le Pakistani air attacks.Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as an expression of love for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.Located on the banks of River Yamuna, the shrine is largely made of white marble that reflects the changes of colour visible during sunset and clear, moonlit nights.It became a UNESCO World Her
45、itage site in 1983, meaning the Indian Supreme Court must rule on major works or changes likely to influence site.5Why were visitors banned on visiting the Tai Mahal in the evening 20 years ago?A. Because the Indian government feared that the increasing visitors would destroy it.B. Because there wer
46、e the terror attacks in the US.C. Because the Indian authorities were unwilling to let visitors visit at night.D. Because the Indian authorities were afraid their conflict with Sikhs would lead them to attack the shrine.6What is the attitude of State tourism minister Kaukab Hamid when he described t
47、he new rule?A. Disapproving. B. Uncertain.C. Cheerful. D. Disappointing.7Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?A. The Taj Mahal will be open 48 nights a year.B. The number of visitors at night is strictly limited.C. Its the Indian Supreme Court that is responsible for t
48、he security of the Taj.D. The project of the Taj Mahal was completed 350 years ago.8What would be the best title for the text?A. The Reopening of the Taj Mahal.B. The Tai MahalMoonlit Viewing Again.C. The Glorious History of the Taj Mahal.D. The Taj MahalA World Heritage Site.答案5D。细节理解题。从文中第十段“Night
49、 visits to the Taj. were banned in 1984 for fear that militant(好战的) Sikhs battling the government would attack the shrine.”部分内容知20年前，出于安全考虑，泰姬陵取消了晚间观光活动。 6C。考查篇章结构及人物态度。由文中第六段知，国家旅游部长考卡布哈米德称这一决定是“heartening”“令人振奋的”，整篇文章的基调都是欢迎这一新举措的。7A。推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，印度最高法院将允许这座著名的“爱情纪念物”每月有四天在夜间开放，初步决定试行三个月。而不是全年均如此，故A错。8B。主旨大意题。整篇文章都围绕“印度泰姬陵即将在月光照耀的夜晚(对游人)开放”这一主题展开。*结束- 10 - 版权所有高考资源网
