1、类型7| 文化教育考查要点方法技巧1.文章的主题。2所述文化教育的发展、特点、功能。3不同文化教育间的异同、优点及缺点。4价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。1.抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络。2定位关键信息词、主题句，明确主旨。3重点关注所述对象的特征，并进行归纳概括。(2016天津高考C)When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.B
2、ut when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all, he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a 40year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed t
3、hat those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，”said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.“And becau
4、se they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”Vaillants study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47.Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores.Points were awarded for parttim
5、e jobs, housework, effort in school，and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharpThose who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five t
6、imes as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Workingat any ageis important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independe
7、nce, confidence and competencethe underpinnings (基础) of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isnt everything.As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this
8、 world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.”46What do we know about John?AHe enjoyed his career and marriage.BHe had few childhood playmates.CHe received little love from his family.DHe was envied by others in his childhood.47Vaillants wor
9、ds in Paragraph 2 serve as Aa description of personal values and social valuesBan analysis of how work was related to competenceCan example for parents expectations of their childrenDan explanation why some boys grew into happy men48Vaillants team obtained their findings by Arecording the boys effor
10、t in schoolBevaluating the mens mental healthCcomparing different sets of scoresDmeasuring the mens problem solving ability49What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?AQuick to react.BHaving a thin edge.CClear and definite.DSudden and rapid.50What can be inferred from the la
11、st paragraph?ACompetent adults know more about love than work.BEmotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.CLove brings more joy to people than work does.DIndependence is the key to ones success.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。约翰小时候父母会让他干一些力所能及的活儿，长大后他成了一个更快乐的人。由此可以看出：童年的劳动是非常重要的。它可以培养孩子的责任感、独立性、自信心以
12、及解决问题的能力，这是精神健康的基础，与其精彩的成年生活息息相关。长难句解读：“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant，the psychologist who made the discovery.分析：引号内的句子为复合句。Boys之后为who引导的定语从句修饰Boys，而they were worthwhile members of society为宾语
13、从句，作feel的宾语。引号外who made the discovery为定语从句修饰the psychologist。翻译：做出这个发现的心理学家George Vaillant说：“在家中或社区劳动的男孩能够获得能力并且感受到他们是有价值的社会成员。”46A考查细节理解。根据文章第一段信息“He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier.”可知，约翰对自己的工作和婚姻很满意，故选A项。47D考查推理判断。第二段中，Vaillant通过40年的研究得出结论：那些小时候在家里或者社区里劳动的男孩获得了能力，感到自
14、己对社会有价值。正因为他们自我感觉好，所以别人也觉得他们好。由此可知，这些话解释了一些男孩成年后更快乐的原因，故选D项。48C考查细节理解。根据文章第三段信息“Under Vaillant，the researchers compared the mens mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores.”可知，Vaillant的团队是通过比较一些分数来得出结论的，故选C项。49C考查词义猜测。根据文章第四段信息twice as likely to .，five times as likely to .and 16 times les
15、s likely to .可知，人们童年的行为和成年后的状况之间的联系明显得让人吃惊。sharp此处意为clear and definite(清楚和确定的)，故选C项。50B考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段可知，童年的劳动能够帮助一个孩子培养责任感、独立性、自信心和能力，这些都是一个人精神健康的基础，emotional health是本段的主题，故选B项。A(2017浙江嘉兴模拟)John Sand was one of the most influential teachers，and people，I have ever met.Having him for two years during
16、 high school，for both history and study hall，he taught me more than any other teacher has been able to.His unusual attitude reflects his methods of teaching.He was constantly trying to push us out of our comfort zones with video projects we did about once a month.He wanted us to face and accept how
17、other people saw us to prepare us for the real world.He was always making colorful Power Points to teach us the latest topic instead of standing in front of us lecturing for a period，putting us to sleep like many teachers do.He did not give us homework one day and have it due the next，but instead ga
18、ve us a schedule of the homework for the section and left the responsibility up to us to remember to do it.Having that prepares us for life after high school，life less structured (有条不紊的)，where the responsibility is all on us.Mr.Sand is a responsible family man.He took whatever time we had left in cl
19、ass to show us his newest vacation videos or his childrens sports videos.He balances his family and his career so nicely.Mr.Sand always encouraged us to explore the cultures of the world.He would tell us stories of his travels across Europe and his adventures around the US，while many teachers just f
20、orce the idea of college.Many people may not ever get to have the experience of having Mr.Sand as a teacher or ever be affected by him like I was but for them，I feel sorry.Putting aside that he was my teacher，he was one person who influenced me greatly and taught me things that went beyond the schoo
21、l courses.【语篇解读】本文介绍了对作者一生影响深刻的老师John Sand。1According to the writer，why was John Sand different from other teachers?A. He never gave homework to his students.BHe clearly knew what his students would be like in the future.CHe always made his classes lively and interesting.DHe often encouraged his stu
22、dents to face the real world bravely.C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“He was always making colorful.putting us to sleep like many teachers do”可推知，John Sand老师与其他老师不一样的地方在于他的课生动有趣，不会让学生昏昏欲睡，故选C项。2Which of the following shows that the writer was greatly affected by Mr.Sand?A. He realizes what makes an excellent teacher
23、.BHe has the courage to take great adventures.CHe feels more confident within comfort zones.DHe knows how to deal with life after high school.D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Having that prepares us for life after high school”可知，John Sand老师不是一味地让学生死读书，而是让学生明白自我责任感，这一点对作者以后的人生影响颇大，故选D项。3What would be the best title f
24、or the passage?AAn outstanding teacherBA valuable experience of schoolingCA kind family man，and a fatherDAn unusual method of teachingA考查主旨大意。根据全文内容特别是第一段中的“one of the most influential teachers”和最后一段中的“he was one person who influenced me greatly”可知，本文主要介绍了一个优秀的老师，所以选A项。B 【导学号：38144006】(2017浙江金华十校模拟)
25、One weekend Miss Ellis handed out another of her famous experiment assignments (作业)Many of these had to do with science，chemistry，but others the most famous experiments had to do with people and their behavior.On that weekend the subject was really difficult: freedom.How can one conduct an experimen
26、t on freedom? On the Monday that followed，the students returned with their ideas.Amanda took out five different colored boxes and gave them to the teacher to choose one.Miss Ellis gratefully took the pink box，and smiled.Then Amanda took out five yellow boxes，and asked Charlie to choose one.Charlie，s
27、omewhat annoyed，carelessly chose one.Miss Ellis，amused，asked Amanda what the experiment was called.“I call it Choices，Amanda explained.”“ For freedom to exist，you have to choose from different options.Thats why Charlie was a bit annoyed，because when the boxes are all the same color，you are not reall
28、y allowed to choose.But Miss Ellis has been pleased because she got to choose the box she liked the most.”Charlie had prepared another kind of experiment.He chose two class members.Lucas was a bright boy，and Paul was one of the worst students.Charlie made them go up to join Miss Ellis at the blackbo
29、ard.Then he divided the class into three groups.To the first group he said：“ Im going to ask you a difficult question.You can choose one of the three people at the blackboard to help you answer it.Whoever gets the answer right will win a big bag of sweets.”Everyone in the first group chose the teach
30、er.Then Charlie said to the second group：“ You will be asked the same question，but before we start you should know that I have given Paul a piece of paper with the question and its answer written on it.”In the murmurs of complaints from the first group，the second group all chose Paul.Then Charlie sp
31、oke to the last group：“ Its your turn.What I told the second group was a lie.I gave the paper to Lucas.”In booing and a few laughs，Paul showed that his hands were empty，and Lucas showed everyone that he did indeed have a piece of paper with the question and answer on it.And Lucas was the only one th
32、at managed to answer the difficult question correctly.While the winners were sharing the sweets out to everyone, Charlie explained，“ This experiment is calledNo Freedom Without TruthIt shows that you can only choose freely if you know the whole truth of the situation.Groups one and two were free to
33、choose who they wanted，but had they known the truth, they would have chosen differently.”Many more interesting experiments were performed that day，and maybe sometime well get to talk about them，but what is clear is that Miss Ellis students ended up knowing a lot more about freedom than many older pe
34、ople.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Miss Ellis在班级中布置的关于“自由”的作业实验以及学生的课堂展示。4According to the passage，Miss Ellis experiment assignments are Amainly about scienceBinspiring and beneficialCunpopular among studentsDtoo difficult for students to finishB考查推理判断。根据最后一段的“Many more interesting experiments.but what is cle
35、ar is that Miss Ellis students ended up knowing a lot more about freedom”可知，Ellis的实验作业非常有趣，让学生对自由有了更多的了解，这对学生来说是有益的，故选B项。5Charlie was annoyed when asked to choose a box because he Awanted more boxesBhated the color of the boxesCdidnt actually get any choicesDwasnt the first to choose the boxesC考查细节理
36、解。根据第二段中的“Then Amanda took out five yellow boxes，and asked Charlie to choose one.Charlie, somewhat annoyed，carelessly chose one”和第三段中的“For freedom to exist.the box she liked the most”可知，Amanda拿出5个同样颜色的盒子让Charlie选，Charlie只能选黄色，实际上是别无选择，所以有点恼火，故选C项。6In the two experiments mentioned in the passage，who
37、really had the freedom to choose?AMiss Ellis.BThe first group.CThe second group.DThe third group.A考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Amanda took out five different.Miss Ellis gratefully took the pink box”并结合第五、六、七段的内容可知，Ellis有选择的自由，故选A项。CIts a familiar feeling.Your friend has made the team for Saturdays big game，and yo
38、u take certain pleasure in telling him you cant be there to watch him play.You smile，but that voice in you asks，why him and not you?Envy is a fault that we like to keep secret.It raises its ugly head when we focus on what we want but dont possess now，or we may even wish for and take pleasure in some
39、one losing it.Feelings of unfairness are part of being human，but when you focus on them，you can never get out of your dark emotions.And that makes you feel bad.So is there a solution? Is there anything you can do to stop the most ungenerous emotions?Well，why not turn envy on its head，and make it the
40、 encouragement you need for selfimprovement? The best weapon against envy is not to compete where you cant shine，but to do your absolute best where you can.Start by making peace with yourself，and accept the gifts which make you unique.Make an agreement with yourself to be the best you can be.Then fi
41、nd out exactly the circumstances and qualities in others that start your envy.Is it someones singing voice，their work promotion，or their new car? Envy shows us the things wed like to have，so make a plan to earn whats important to you.Sign up for a night class.Start a training program.Give up a treat
42、 or two，and start saving for what you want.And aim for real pleasure in the achievements and good fortune of others.Cheer on your friend when he scores that goal.Enjoy your best friends wedding day.Then go out and do something special, and make you wonderfully proud of yourself.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。忌妒会给人带
43、来不良情绪。本文作者提出应对忌妒的最好方法就是将自己的强项发挥到极致，为自己感到骄傲，同时也为别人取得的成功而快乐。7The first paragraph is meant to Agive examplesBtell the main ideaCintroduce the topicDask the questionC考查推理判断。作者在文章第一段举出一个让人感觉忌妒的例子是为了引出话题，即如何应对忌妒给人带来的不良影响，因此选C。8When envy appears，we actually Aignore its existenceBhave feelings of unfairness
44、Cshare it with friendsDlose something of our ownB考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Feelings of unfairness are part of being human”可知，忌妒感出现时，我们确实感到不公平，觉得为什么别人可以拥有而自己却没有，因此选B。9What is the best way to help stop envy?ADeveloping your own strength to the full.BCompeting for what you are not good at.CForgetting about the th
45、ings you cant get.DTrying to get anything that makes you envy.A考查细节理解。根据第四段的“The best weapon against envy is not to compete where you cant shine，but to do your absolute best where you can.”可知，停止忌妒的最好方法就是将自己的强项发挥到极致，因此选A。10What is the authors attitude towards people with envy?ASubjective. BObjective.CUnconcerned.DWorried.B考查作者态度。作者客观地介绍了忌妒给人带来的消极影响，并提出了应对忌妒、使人过得快乐的有效方法，因此选择B。subjective“主观的”；objective“客观的”；unconcerned“不关心的”；worried“担心的”。
