1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage根据提示写出下列单词1_ n笑，笑声2_ n. 天文学家3_ adj. 热情的，热烈的4_ n. 基地；基础vt. 以为基础5_ vi. 存在6_ n. 宝藏，珍宝vt. 珍惜；珍重7_ v. 观察，研究；遵守；庆祝8_ v. 实现；获得9_ n. 神秘的事或人10_ n. 地铁adj. 地下的；秘密的【答案】1.laughter2.astronomer3.enthusiastic4base5.exist6.treasure7.observe8achieve9.mystery10.underground根据提示补全下列
2、短语1send _ 发射2. _ foot 踏上某地3land _ 在登陆4solar _ 太阳系5dream_ 梦想6_ far 迄今为止7carry _ 完成；实施，执行8separate _ 从中分离出来9be tired _ 因而劳累10pick _ 拾起，拿起；学会【答案】1.up2.set3.on4.system5.of/about6.so7.out8.from9.from10.up根据提示补全下列教材原句1As_soon_as he set foot there，he said，“Thats one small step for (a) man，one giant leap fo
3、r mankind.”一踏上月球，他就说：“对于个人来说这是一小步，对于全人类来说这是一大步。”2Though he has never met any aliens，he believes they do_exist.尽管他从未遇见过任何外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。3Ill get_it_done today.我今天要做好这件事。 pick up拾起，拿起，捡起；(开车)接人；(偶然或无意间)学会；重新开始；继续；好转，恢复健康(教材P7)Then a tracking ship picked them up.紧接着一艘跟踪船把它们接上岸。写出下列句中pick up 的含义【导学号：981
4、70003】He drew on his gloves，picked up his umbrella and went out.拿起Ill pick you up at the gate tomorrow morning.(开车)接人I picked up some Spanish when I was living in Mexico.(偶然)学会He picked up where he had left the day before.继续They wont let him out of hospital until his health has picked up quite a lot
5、.好转pick out 挑选出，拣出；辨认出Let me pick out some good ones for you.让我来为你挑几个好的。Its easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。明辨异同pick/choose/select/elect/preferpick挑选，采摘，拾choose普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断，从众多对象中进行选择select书面用语，具有庄严、正式的感情色彩，强调精选elect按照一定的规章、法律，用投票方式进行的选举prefer强调个人偏爱、喜好
6、，不一定有选择的行动choose，select，pick，electI have _ them because of the colors.Then the congress _ its secretary.They _ a diamond engagement ring.The farmers are busy _ apples.【答案】chosenelectedselectedpicking enthusiastic adj.热情的；热烈的；满腔热情的(教材P8)My friend Jack is enthusiastic about travelling.我的朋友杰克热衷于旅游。(1)b
7、e enthusiastic about/over对热情的；对感兴趣的be enthusiastic about doing sth. 对做某事有热情(2)enthusiastically adv. 热情地(3)enthusiasm n. 热情，热心；积极性have/lose enthusiasm for(doing). 有(做)/失去(做)的热情be full of enthusiasm 充满热情He received an enthusiastic welcome.他受到了热烈欢迎。He joined in the class discussion enthusiastically (en
8、thusiastic)他热情地参加了班级讨论。I cant say I share your enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for the idea.我可不像你那样，对这个想法那样热心。 base n基地，基础vt.以为根据(教材P8)He has just been to Qomolangma Base Camp and saw a Yeti there.他刚去过珠穆朗玛峰大本营的营地，并在那儿看见了一个雪人。 The company has its base in New York，and branch offices all over the world.公司总部设
9、在纽约，分部遍及全世界。(1)be based on.以为基础base sth.on sth. 把基于base sth./sb.in. 把安排在；以为据点(2)baseless adj. 无根据的basic adj. 基本的，主要的，基础的basically adv. 基本上，主要地，从根本上说What are you basing this theory on? 你这种理论的根据是什么？As far as I can tell，Jason is basically (base)a nice guy.据我所知，贾森算得上是个好人。 exist vi.存在；生存(教材P8)Though he h
10、as never met any aliens，he believes they do exist.尽管他从未遇见过任何外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。(1)exist in存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists/existed. 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存in existence 现存的come into existence 产生，出现，开始存在The fact is that we cannot exist without air.事实是没有空气，我们就不能生存。It is impossible for them to exist on suc
11、h a small income.他们靠这么点收入生存是不可能的。There exists (exist) a good way to solve the problem.有一种解决该问题的好方法。Please tell me when the Great Wall came into existence (exist)请告诉我长城什么时候开始存在的。名师点津exist 是不及物动词，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时。语境助记Do you believe in the existence of ghosts？Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some
12、 people.你相信鬼魂的存在吗？或许它们只存在于一些人的想象里。.语境填词用所给单词的正确形式填空1The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as _ as ever，so we say he has the greatest _ in our class.(enthusiastic)2There _ a good way to solve the _ problem in geography.(exist)3Mariages _ on money are easy to break up
13、 because they have no strong _ (base)4“The whole class burst into _”，she said with a _，“but I would still _ along even though I didnt quite get the joke”(laugh)5With the development of _，more and more _ begin to explore the Mars.(astronomer)【答案】1.enthusiastic；enthusiasm2.exists/existed；existing3.bas
14、ed；base4.laughter；laugh；laugh5.astronomy；astronomers.选词填空pick up，so far，land on，dream of，separate from，carry out，send up，take off1As he pulled，the box _ the wall and broke.2Well _ the plan as soon as possible.3It was the kind of trip most of us only _ 4He _ a lot of Spanish by playing with native bo
15、ys and girls.5China has _ many satellites.【答案】1.separated from2.carry out 3dreamed of4.picked up5.sent up (教材P6)As_soon_as_he set foot there，he said，Thats one small step for (a) man，one giant leap for mankind.一踏上月球，他就说：“对于个人来说这是一小步，对于全人类来说这是一大步。”【要点提炼】as soon as 一就，常用于引导时间状语从句。表示“一就”的还有：the moment/m
16、inute/time/second/instant从句；immediately/directly从句；no sooner.than.；hardly.when.；on/uponn./doing。Hardly had she spoken when she regretted it bitterly.话刚出口，她就后悔莫及。On_hearing_this，he jumped.一听到这里，他就跳了起来。No sooner had_they_met_each_other_than_ they talked a lot.他们彼此见面就谈了很多。 (教材P8)Though he has never met
17、 any aliens，he believes they do exist.尽管他从未遇见过任何外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。【要点提炼】本句中的do起强调作用，强调动词exist，可翻译为“确实，的确”。在祈使句中运用“do动词原形”不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求或更加客气的语气。意为“一定，务必”。这种强调只用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。do/does强调现在的动作，did强调过去的动作。He does come here earlier than anyone else in his class every morning.他的确每天早上比班上其他同学早到这里。He did_smo
18、ke two packs of cigarettes a day two years ago.两年前他确实每天抽两包烟。Do let me know when you have trouble.有麻烦时务必让我知道。 (教材P11)Ill get_it_done today.我今天要做好这件事。【要点提炼】本句中get it done表示使某事发生，使完成某事。(1)get sb.to do/doing sth.让某人做/一直做某事get sb./sth.adj.使某人/某物变成某种状态(2)get与make，have，let都是使役动词，但get后跟不定式作宾补时要带to，而make，hav
19、e，let后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。I will _get_my_TV_set_repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要找人修电视机。Peter got_his_leg_broken while playing football.彼得踢足球时把腿弄伤了。单句改错1Ill get my bike repairing tomorrow._2To make yourself understand，you can use body language._3Do closing the door and windows when you go out._4In hearing hi
20、s name called，he rushed out._5Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has reached so far by the two sides._【答案】1.repairing改为 repaired2.understand 改为understood3.closing 改为close4.In 改为On5.reached前加上been现在完成时和现在完成进行时阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法1Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen
21、yearold boy who went missing three days ago in Dover.2I havent seen Justin since last Friday night.3Spaceships have been set up into space since 1959.4There have been dozens of reports that people have seen a Wild Man in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve.5I havent been sleeping well since I returned ho
22、me.现在完成时1现在完成时的构成have/has过去分词2现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在造成的影响。动作虽然发生在过去，但落脚点在现在。Ive forgotten his telephone number.我忘记了他的电话号码。(没法联系他了)I havent finished reading this book yet，so I cant return it to the library.这本书我还没有看完，所以不能把它还给图书馆。(2)“have/has beento地点名词”或“have/has been位置副词”的意思是“曾经到过某地(多少次)”，表示现在
23、已经不在那里了，可与just，ever，never等连用。(3)“have/has goneto地点名词”或“have/has gone位置副词”表示“到了某地或正在去某地的途中”。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作句子的主语。3现在完成时的常用句型(1)It/This is the first/second/.time that主语谓语部分(常用现在完成时)(2)It has been一段时间since.(3)It/This/That is the最高级名词定语从句(定语从句常用现在完成时)This is the first time that I have been to
24、 this city.这是我第一次来这座城市。It has been two years since we saw each other.自上次一别，我们有两年没见了。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。4现在完成时和一般过去时的区别时态区别例句现在完成时重在强调过去的动作或状态对现在的影响，重点在现在。I have lost my new book.我把新书弄丢了。(现在还未找到)一般过去时重在强调某个过去的动作或状态，与现在并无联系。I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书弄丢了。(昨
25、天丢的，现在找到与否没有说明).现在完成进行时1现在完成进行时的构成：肯定句：主语have/hasbeen现在分词.否定句：主语have/hasnotbeen现在分词.疑问句：Have/Has主语been现在分词.?2现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，更强调动作的延续性，常与for，since等引出的时间状语连用。I have been teaching English for almost twenty years.我教英语已经将近20年了。They have been living here for 10 years.他们住在这里10年了。
26、I have been waiting for you about half an hour.我等你大概半个小时了。(2)表示动作的反复性。They have been discussing the matter several times this year.他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。(3)表示某种感情色彩。I have been waiting to see you for a long time.长久以来，我一直等着见你。名师点津表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。我认识他已经好几年了。I have known him for years.()I have been knowing
27、 him for years.()3现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别时态基本语法功能动作的反复感情色彩现在完成进行时表示动作的持续可表示动作的反复表示强烈的感情色彩现在完成时表示动作对现在的影响或产生的结果不表示动作的反复一般不含有感情色彩He has written a letter.他写了一封信。(信已写好)He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。(信尚未完成)Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗？(现实结果)Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？(动作的反复)I have
28、 waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。(表示事实)I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。(表示不满).单句语法填空1(江苏高考改编)How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well，the media_ (cover) it in a variety of forms.2(湖南高考改编)Im tired out.I _ (shop) all afternoon and I dont
29、seem to have finished anything.3(重庆高考改编)Kevin，you look worried.Anything wrong?Well，I _ (take) a test and Im waiting for the result.4When and where to have the meeting _ (not decide) yet. 【导学号：98170004】5(浙江高考改编)Alvin，are you coming with us? Id love to，but something unexpected _ (come) up.【答案】1.have c
30、overed2.have been shopping3.took4.hasnt been decided5.has come.单句改错1She lives in Beijing since she came to China._2They are friends for 10 years._3In the last ten years，many changes took place in my hometown. 【导学号：98170005】_4I heard nothing from him up to now._5His hands are very dirty，because he has painting the door._【答案】1.lives 改为has lived2.are 改为have been3.took 改为 have taken4.heard 改为have heard5.painting后加been
