1、上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习专题一 动词的时态和语态 上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习动词时态的考查要点1一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时间限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。They always care for each other and help each other.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see，hear，smell，taste
2、，feel，notice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem 等。Tom owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由 if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用 will 表“客气地请求”，但不表示将来。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party，my family will
3、 be pleased.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(5)少数用于表示起止或移动的动词如：come，go,leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end,stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当 be 表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 11：00 pm every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过
4、去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was young，he took cold baths regularly.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He told me he read an interesting novel last night.(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由 but，and，when，as soon as，immedi
5、ately，the moment，the minute 等连接，用一般过去时。The moment she came in，she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you.?I didnt notice.I forgot to tell you.I didnt recognize.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用 will/shall动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连
6、用，如：tomorrow，next week 等。(2)表示一般真理。Well die without air or water.(3)表示趋向行为的动词如：come，go，start，begin，leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(4)be going to，will/shall，be to do，be about to do 的用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do 表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用
7、在条件状语从句的主句中；而 will 则能，表意愿。If it is fine，well go fishing.If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习be to do 表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do 表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习
8、4现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go，come 等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与 always，often 等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public.上一页返回首
9、页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need 等。表示存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to 等。表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look 等。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5过去完成时考点分析(1
10、)常用过去完成时的几种情况。在 by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had produced 20，000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习 表 示 未 曾 实 现 的 希 望、打 算、意 图、诺 言 等。常 用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected 等或用上述动词
11、的过去式接不定式，即：(had)hoped/planned.to do。“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习在 hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一就”。当 hardly，scarcely，no sooner 置于句首时，其后要
12、用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he(had)left the room，the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习6过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示在过去某个时候预计以后要发生的动作或存在的
13、状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。He hoped that they would meet again some day.7过去进行时考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习8现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和 for，since 引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past)few years(months，weeks 等)，in recen
14、t years，so far，up to now 等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)一段时间since 从句This(That/It)is the first(second.)time that现在完成时This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting.that现在完成时上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the expe
15、riment，you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习9注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时，如含有 ago，last year，just now，the other day 等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响或产生的结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)过去完成时与一般
16、过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式，则只用一般过去时即可。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【即时训练 1】用所给动词的正确时态填空1Planning so far ahead makes(make)no senseso many things will have changed by next year.2Experiments of this kind had been conducted(conduct)in both the US.and Europe well before the Second World War.上一页返回首页下
17、一页高三一轮总复习3Bob has gone to California.Oh，can you tell me when he left(leave)?4Did you predict that many students would sign(sign)up for the dance competition?5I hear you are working(work)in a pub.Whats it like?Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习6I didnt ask f
18、or the name list.Why has it landed(land)on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed it.7The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant wasgiving(give)in his place but，luckily，everything was going on smoothly.8That must have been a long trip.Yeah，it took(take)us a whole we
19、ek to get there.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习动词被动语态的考查要点动词的被动语态的构成方式：be过去分词，口语中也用“get/become过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by 短语有时可以省略)。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习1使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my f
20、riend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加 to(位置不变)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of(by her)Your pronunciati
21、on and spelling should be paid attention to.(4)情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为 be过去分词。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(5)当句子的谓语为 say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.He is said
22、 to be a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【即时训练 2】用所给动词的正确语态填空1In the near futur
23、e，more advances in the robot technology will bemade(make)by scientists.2In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce)all over the world.3All visitors to this village are treated(treat)with kindness.4The computer might be repaired(repair)by tomorrow.5They cant move into the hou
24、se because it is being painted(paint)now.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2不能用被动语态的几种情况。(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost 等。(3)表示归属的动词，如：have，own，belong to 等。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。上一页返回首页
25、下一页高三一轮总复习3主动形式表被动意义。(1)当 feel，look，smell，taste，sound 等后面接形容词时；当 cut，read，sell，wear，write 等带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。The fish smells good.My pen writes smoothly.The door wont lock.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)当 break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out 等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out su
26、ccessfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.(3)当 want，require，need 后跟动名词时。(4)当 be worth 后跟动名词时。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(5)在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.注意：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。4被动形式表示主动意义的常见情况。be seated 坐着；be hidde
27、n 躲藏；be lost 迷路；be drunk 喝醉；be dressed 穿着上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5被动语态与系表结构的区别。此处的系表结构指“连系动词用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)The book is well sold.(系表结构)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【即时训练 3】1He broke the window，so he was to blame(该受责备)2The new c
28、ar belongs to(属于)his brother.3There is something wrong with his computer and it needs repairing/to berepaired(需要修理)4The new novel written by Mo Yan is worth reading(值得一读)5This kind of cake tastes good(尝起来美味)and sells well(销路好)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习语法与写作翻译句子1(2013安徽高考书面表达)我将一直把交通规则记在心里。I will keep traffic
29、 rules in mind all the way.2(2013江西高考书面表达)我们跳起来，高兴地欢呼。We jumped and cheered with joy.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3(2013陕西高考书面表达)我一直忙于学习，很少帮助我的父母做家务。I have been busy with my study and seldom helped my parents with thehousework.4(2013四川高考书面表达)而且，时间表一旦制定，我们就应该严格遵守。Whatsmore，once the timetable is made,we should fo
30、llow it strictly.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5(2013广东高考基础写作)据报道将在全球选择年龄至少 18 岁的 30 名志愿者，到 2015 年的时候被送到火星上去。【导学号：36742155】It is reported that thirty volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosenfrom all over the globe and sent to the Mars by the year of 2015.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习感悟高考1(2016江苏高考)More effort
31、s，as reported，in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.Aare madeBwill be madeCare being madeDhave been made上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力。由 in the years ahead“今后几年”(一般将来时)和 more efforts 与 make 之间是被动关系(被动语态)可知用一般将来时的被动语态(B.will be made)。【答案】B
32、上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2(2016江苏高考)Dashan，who crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.Awill be learningBis learningChad been learningDhas been learning【解析】考查时态。句意：大山学习相声中国的传统喜剧形式数十年了，他想把中国相声与西方的单口相声融合起来。由 for decades 可知 who引导的非限制性定语从句要用完成时，再
33、由主句谓语动词 wants 可知应用现在完成进行时(has been learning)。故选 D 项。【答案】D上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3(2016天津高考)When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I for years.Adidnt seeBhavent seenChadnt seenDwouldnt see【解析】考查时态。句意：沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作发生在 came across 之前，且 for years 是完成时的标志，所以应选表示过去完成时的 hadnt
34、 seen。【答案】C上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4(2016北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts with success in the end.ArewardedBwere rewardedCwill rewardDwill be rewarded【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。由前面的现在完成进行时可排除 A、B 两项；再由 their efforts 与 reward 之间是被动关系可排除 C 项，D 项是一般将来时
35、的被动语态，正确。be rewarded with.“得到回报”，可视为固定短语。【答案】D上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5(2016北京高考)Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We here for more than two hours.AwaitedBwaitCwould be waitingDhave been waiting【解析】考查时态。句意：“打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？”“新版的星球大战。我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。”结合句意可知，此处表示一直在等待着，并且还有可能继续等下去，故用现
36、在完成进行时(D.have been waiting)。【答案】D上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习6(2015福建高考)Where is Peter?I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.AwroteBhad writtenChas been writingDis writing【解析】本题考查时态。句意：Peter 在哪儿？我到处都找不到他。他早饭后去图书馆了，并且从那时起一直在那儿写他的文章。由 ever since可知，Peter 从早
37、饭后一直在图书馆写文章(说话时应该仍然在写)，故应用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。故答案为 C 项。【答案】C上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习7(2015北京高考)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I him later.Awill callBhave calledCcallDwill be calling【解析】本题考查时态。句意：“杰克逊医生现在不在办公室里。”“好吧。我晚些时候会给他打电话。”由时间副词 later 可知，call 是将来要发生的动作，空格所在的句子应用一般将来时
38、态，所以答案为 A。D 选项为将来进行时态，此处不表示正在进行的动作，所以可排除。【答案】A上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习8(2014北京高考)What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute,I it for you.AcheckBcheckedCwill checkDwould check【解析】本题考查情态动词 will 的特殊用法。句意：“几点了？”“我不知道。但是等一会儿，我给你查一下。”根据语境可知，check 为临时决定要进行的动作，因为 will 具有“意愿，愿意”之意，用于表示愿意或准备去做某事，故 C 项正确。【答案】C上
39、一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习9(2014重庆高考)Youd better write down her phone number before youit.AforgetBare forgettingCforgotDwill forget【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意：趁着还没有忘记，你最好把她的电话号码写下来。before 本意是“在之前”，在句中引导时间状语从句，根据具体的语境在句中可译为“趁着，以免”，从句中用一般现在时态表示将来的动作。根据语境可知 forget 为将来的动作，故此处用一般现在时表示将来。【答案】A上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习10(2014重庆高考)James
40、 has just arrived,but I didnt know heuntil yesterday.Awill comeBwas comingChad comeDcame上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意：詹姆斯刚到，但是我直到昨天才知道他要来。A 项为一般将来时态；B 项为过去进行时态；C 项为过去完成时态；D 项为一般过去时态。know 后面为宾语从句，从句动词相对于 know 而言指将要发生的动作，而 come，leave 等瞬间动词可用进行时态表示将来的动作。根据didnt 可知此处应该用过去进行时态表示过去将来的动作。【答案】B上一页返回首页下一页
41、高三一轮总复习11(2014北京高考)Hi,lets go skating.Sorry,Im busy right now.I in an application form for a new job.AfillBhave filledCam fillingDwill fill【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意：“嗨，我们去滑冰吧。”“对不起，我现在正忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。”由时间状语 right now 可知，在说话这一刻“填表”的动作正在发生，故用现在进行时态。【答案】C上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习12(2014浙江高考)Sofia looked around at all
42、 the faces：she had the impression that she most of the guests before.Ahas seenBhad seenCsawDwould see【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意：索菲娅环视了所有的面庞，她有印象绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。由语境可知，see 动作发生在 looked 和had 之前，即发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。【答案】B【导学号：36742156】上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习13(2014四川高考)Shesomeone,so I nodded to her and went away.AphonedBhad
43、 phonedCwas phoningDhas phoned【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意：她正在跟别人打电话(was phoning someone)，因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。在我向她点头并离开的那段时间，她一直在打电话，故要用过去进行时态，表示过去某个时间内正在发生或进行的动作。【答案】C上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习14(2014湖南高考)Whenever you a present,you should think about it from the receivers point of view.AboughtBhave boughtCwill buyDbuy上一页返回首页下
44、一页高三一轮总复习【解析】本题考查动词的时态。句意：每当你买礼物的时候，你都应从接受者的角度想一想(礼物是否合适)。whenever 意为“每当的时候，每次的时候”。由 whenever 的意思可知该句所表达的动作(买礼物“buy a present”)是经常性、习惯性的动作或反复发生的动作，符合一般现在时的基本特征，故用一般现在时。故选 D 项。【答案】D上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习15(2014北京高考)I found the lecture hard to follow because it when I arrived.AstartedBwas startingCwould startDhad started【解析】本题考查动词时态。句意：我觉得很难听懂这个讲座了，因为我到的时候它已经开始了。由 hard to follow 可知，start 的动作发生在“我”到达之前，arrive 的动作在过去发生，故此处表示发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。【答案】D
