1、专题一语法基础考点一冠词 限时25分钟一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要的画“/”。1Were trying to think of _ way out to solve the problem, but its quite difficult to find one.答案a该空泛指一种解决问题的方法，用不定冠词a。2As a teacher, Monica is _ success, but as a singer, she is _ failure.答案a; a句意：作为一位老师，莫妮卡是一个成功者，而作为一名歌手，她却是一个失败者。抽象名词success和failure在此指具体的人或事物(即
2、抽象名词具体化)，前面应加不定冠词a。3He went to hospital to attend his sick father three times _ week.答案a句意：他每周三次去医院照顾他生病的父亲。a在句中表示“每一；一”的概念。4Michael Kemeter, _ Austrian climber, climbed a skyscraper in Changsha on September 15 this year.答案an句意：迈克尔凯米特，一个奥地利的攀登者，于今年9月15日爬上了长沙的一座摩天大楼。该空泛指一名攀登者，且Austrian的首字母发音为元音音素，故用不
3、定冠词an。5All of _ sudden some passengers on board let out screams, running upstairs like crazy. 答案a句意：突然，一些在甲板上的乘客发出尖叫声，疯狂地跑上楼梯。all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然”。6Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better. I think its really _ most interesting one.答案a该空泛指一首非常有趣的诗。a most相当于a very，表示“非常”之意。7Exploring _
4、space is exciting, yet dangerous.答案/space意为“太空”时是抽象名词，其前不用冠词。8She removed _ hat she was wearing when talking to people.答案thehat被定语从句she was wearing所修饰，表示特指，所以用定冠词the。9With the world watching, Kate gave birth to a baby boy on _ afternoon of July 22.答案the句意：在全世界的关注下，凯特在7月22日下午生了一个男孩儿。特指某一天的下午，用定冠词the。
5、10In order to find a better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.答案a句意：为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。the序数词表示“第几”，而a序数词表示“再一，又一”，由句意可知应填a。11This is _ most moving scene I have ever seen in my life.答案the句意：这是我一生中见过的最感人的场景。形容词最高级前面需要用定冠词the。12There was _ chair by the window. On _ chair sat a youn
6、g woman with a baby in her arms.答案a; the句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定冠词the。13All the fellow workers were shocked by the news that Bob was appointed _ director of the factory.答案/句意：所有工友对于鲍勃被升为工厂主任的这一消息感到很震惊。表职位或官衔的名词作补语时，前面不用任何冠词。14Marco Polo is said to have saile
7、d on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java.答案the句意：据说马可波罗去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河等专有名词前要用定冠词the。15In a week or so, Ill be among _ unemployed, Im afraid.答案the句意：恐怕大约一周以后，我也会失业。the unemployed意为“失业者”。“the形容词”表示一类人。16Tom is _ taller of the two boys.答案the当用于比较级前表示“两者中较的”时，应用定冠词the。17I fell i
8、n love with the city _ first time I came here.答案the句意：我第一次来这里的时候就爱上了这座城市。序数词或形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。18The man caught the thief by _ arm.答案the句意：那人抓住了小偷的胳膊。“动词sb.介词the身体部位”为固定结构，故应填the。19He was born in _ 1990s when his mother worked in a factory.答案the句意：他出生于二十世纪九十年代，那时他的母亲在一家工厂工作。在表示世纪、年代的词前应用定冠词the。20Mary
9、can play _ violin well, but she cant play _ piano.答案the; the句意：玛丽小提琴能拉得好，但她不会弹钢琴。表示乐器的名词与play连用时，名词前应用定冠词the。21Our library is in _ center of our school.答案the句意：我们的图书馆在校园的中心位置。在表示方位、位置的名词前用定冠词the。22_ poor are against the plan, but _ rich are for it.答案The; the句意：穷人反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。“the形容词”表示一类人或物。23When
10、the phone rang, _ Whites were watching TV.答案the句意：当电话铃响的时候，怀特一家人/夫妇正在看电视。定冠词the用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。24This morning I had _ big breakfast, so Im not having anything for lunch.答案a三餐名词前面不用冠词，但是如果在三餐名词前面加上了适当的描述性修饰词语，则前面需要加冠词。25Youd better go abroad by _ plane so as to get there earlier.答案/表示交通工具的名词与by连
11、用时，名词前不用冠词。26We have no classes on _ Sunday, so we often go to play _ football.答案/; /句意：我们星期日不上课，因此我们经常去踢足球。在表示星期、球类、三餐、学科、语言、季节等词前通常不用冠词。27They are paid by _ month.答案the句意：他们按月计酬。定冠词the用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如：by the hour/week/month/year/ dozen/kilo等。28He couldnt remember when he first listened to
12、Toms speech, but he was sure it was _ Monday because everybody was at work.答案a句意：他不记得第一次听汤姆的演讲是在什么时候了，只能确定是在某个星期一，因为大家都在上班。某一个星期几表泛指，其前加不定冠词a。29_ harder you work, _ greater progress you will make.答案The; the句意：你越努力，取得的进步就会越大。“the比较级，the比较级”意为“越就越”。30_ moon travels around _ earth.答案The; the句意：月亮围着地球转。
13、表示世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。1I grew up on a farm in Idaho, but I did not want to become farmer._答案become后加afarmer为可数名词。可数名词的单数形式前必须要有冠词、指示代词或形容词性物主代词来修饰。根据句意，此处是指“我不想成为一名农民”，表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。2All the students in our class made a progress by studying harder this term._答案去掉aprogress为不可数名词，
14、前面不用冠词。make progress意为“取得进步”。3It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education._答案1990s前加the在表示世纪、年代的词前要加定冠词the。4The building was set up in a September of 1990._答案athe此处特指1990年的9月，故应用定冠词the。5The sports meeting was great success._答案great前加a当success表示“
15、成功的人或事”时，经常与不定冠词连用。6She was waiting for him for a hour in the rain._答案aanhour的始发音为元音音素，故用an。7In my opinion, youd better go to the restaurant where you had a lunch and look for your lost wallet._答案去掉a表示三餐的名词前一般不用冠词。8This is a most interesting film that I have ever seen._答案athe“themost多音节形容词(名词)”为多音节形
16、容词的最高级形式，表示“最”。而“a most形容词名词”或“most形容词”结构中，most不表示最高级含义，为“很，非常”的意思。9I had wonderful supper yesterday._答案had后加a当表示三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面需要加冠词。10Apple is sold by the weight and coal is sold by the ton._答案去掉第一个thethe常用于表时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by
17、连用时不加冠词。11After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson the ride to the airport._答案第一个theagive sb. a ride为固定搭配，意为“载某人一程，让某人搭便车”。12One way to understand thousands of words is to gain the good knowledge of basic word formation._答案theagain/have a good knowledge of.为固定搭配，意为“精通”。13The classroom is on fourth floor.
18、_答案fourth前加the序数词前加定冠词the表示“第几”。14He is an only one who has worked out the problem._答案anthethe only修饰名词或代词意为“唯一的”。15After years of hard work, he has turned a skilled worker._答案去掉a或turnedbecometurn workerbecome a worker，意为“成为一名工人”。不定冠词和定冠词一、不定冠词的用法1泛指某个或某类人或物。I was born in a small village in Shandong
19、 Province.A child needs not only food and clothes, but love as well.2当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时(即抽象名词具体化)，前面用不定冠词。The party held last weekend was a great success.3表示“一”或“每一”概念。I go back home once a month.Tom drives his car at 60 miles an hour.4表示不明身份或说话人不清楚的人或事物。常译作“一个叫的人/物”。A Smith called you just now.5不表示比较意
20、义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词。 Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity.6不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。They have a second house in the country.7knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding等一些由动词转化而来的抽象名词后接of.时，前面用不定冠词。He has a good knowledge of English.Media help us to have a better understanding of the wor
21、ld.8独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。a full moon一轮满月a brandnew world一个崭新的世界9表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时前用不定冠词。 I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown.二、定冠词的用法1特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。What a pity that you couldnt be there to receive the prize!2用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。 Many of the injured are stil
22、l in a serious condition.3用在姓氏名词的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。I paid a visit to the Turners last week.4用在方位名词、乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。the east东部play the piano弹钢琴the universe宇宙the moon月亮5用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only，very(恰好是)，same前。Its the first time that I have been to China. Which story is the more interesting
23、 of the two? We were the only people there.6用于固定结构“动词sb.介词the身体部位”中。take sb. by the arm 拉着某人的胳膊hit sb. in the face/on the nose 打某人的脸/鼻子7用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall.8用在表示世纪、年代的词前。The book was published in the 1980s.9the用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by th
24、e hour/day/ week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。Workers are usually paid by the hour.These goods are sold by weight.定冠词用法口诀特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。限时25分钟一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要的画“/”。12016浙江高考_ prize for the winner of the competition is _ twoweek ho
25、liday in Paris.答案The; a句意：这个比赛的获胜者的奖品是一个为期两周的在巴黎度假的机会。第一空特指获胜者的奖品，用定冠词the；第二空泛指一个为期两周的假期，用不定冠词a。22015全国卷The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.答案the句意：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至被最现代的建筑师和工程师所欣赏。根据后面的mo
26、st modern可知，应为最现代化的，最高级前要用定冠词the。32015四川高考Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _ Beethoven.答案a句意：布赖恩在创作音乐方面很有天赋；他很有可能会成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。不定冠词与人名连用，意为“一个像某某那样的人”，因此填a。42015陕西高考_ more learned a man is, _ more modest he usually becomes.答案The; the句意：一个人越有学问，通常会越谦虚。“the比较级，the比较级”结构，意为“越，就
27、越”。52014广东高考She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.答案the句意：她因为错误向我们道歉，并给我们提供了顶层的一个空着的VIP房间。此处top floor指双方都清楚的那家宾馆的顶楼，前面需要用定冠词，表特指。62016全国卷The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, _ other is with mumshe neve
28、r suspects.答案the句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候，另一个是和妈妈在一起的她从不怀疑。one.，the other.意为“一个，另一个”。72016全国卷Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.答案a句意：你可以走出去一会儿，锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。82016成都外国语学校月考They may h
29、ave wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things _ same way.答案the句意：他们可能想过要伤害你，或者他们并没有用同样的方式看待事情。当名词前面有形容词same修饰时，前面必须加定冠词the。92016江西南昌一模What if your first choice is wrong? If so, just give yourself _ second chance.答案a句意：如果你的第一次选择是错误的怎么办？如果是这样，要再给自己一次机会。根据句意可知，此处指犯错误后的“又一次，再一次”机会。序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再一，
30、又一”，所以填不定冠词a。102016山东潍坊期末A government study has found that South Korean children are _ least happy compared to children in 29 other developed countries.答案the句意：一项政府研究发现，与其他29个发达国家的儿童相比，韩国儿童是最不快乐的。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。112016甘肃西北师大附中月考I am _ reporter from the New York Times.答案a句意：我是来自纽约时报的一名记者。泛指一名记者，用不定冠词。
31、122016大连六校联考I consider myself very lucky because I was _ only one of my friends who had their dads around.答案theonly前一般用定冠词，表示“唯一的”。132016广州模拟It was _ great shock to the girl when word came that her close friend died in the severe earthquake of Haiti.答案ashock意为“震惊；打击”，此处被形容词great修饰，是抽象名词具体化的用法，所以用不定冠
32、词。142014浙江高考The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into the night.答案a该空填a相当于every/one。152016绵阳二诊_ Mr. Li is now waiting for you on the first floor.答案A不定冠词用于姓名或姓氏前表示泛指，意为“有个；某一”。162017徐州模拟Andrew: Was _ movie as good as you expected?Linda: It was really a waste of
33、time and money. I should have stayed at home.答案the此处表示谈话双方均知道的电影，故用定冠词the。172016江西红色七校一联As he approached the bridge, the sound got louder and then he saw _ pitiful sight.答案a句意：他快到那座桥时，声音变得更大了。然后他看到了一片凄惨的景象。设空处后的名词sight作“景象，情景”讲时，为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。182016青岛一检The Spring Festival is a special holid
34、ay for most Chinese when _ whole family will get together.答案the句意：对大多数中国人来说，春节是一个特殊的节日，此时全家人会欢聚一堂。“the whole单数名词”表示某个类属的所有成员，the whole family表示“全家人”。192016济南模拟Nowadays _ certain limit should be set on the use of cars to reduce air pollution.答案a空格后的certain意为“某种”，通常与不定冠词连用。202016厦门模拟Rosy came in for _
35、 coffee and told me the firecrackers outside kept her awake last night.答案a句意：罗西进来点了一杯咖啡，告诉我昨晚外面的鞭炮声吵得她一直睡不着。coffee为不可数名词，但是当表示“点单”时，可以用a coffee，two coffees代替a cup of coffee, two cups of coffee，故此处用不定冠词。212016陕西模拟Lily: When do you usually work?Black: Well, on most days I work until 5 pm., but on Frid
36、ays I can leave _ hour earlier.答案an此处不定冠词表示数量，an hour相当于one hour; hour的发音是以元音音素开头的，因此其前用不定冠词an。222016安徽芜湖、马鞍山质检Most seriously, relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us _ same advantage as making new friends in the real world.答案the句意：最严重的是，依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世界交友同样的益处。the same.as.意为：与
37、/和一样的。232016潍坊一模It is reported that the recently discovered painting may be _ Van Gogh.答案a 句意：据报道，最近发现的画可能是一幅梵高的作品。“a/an作家或画家的姓氏/名单数”表示其作品，此处a Van Gogh表示“一幅梵高的画”，故用a。242016南昌一模If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be _ must for you to make the most of your time.答案a表示“一件你必须要做的事”，因此m
38、ust前加a。252016安阳质检Being able to afford the rent for a house of his own gave him _ comfort in those tough times.答案a句意：能租得起一个属于他自己的房子，这在那些艰难时期给了他安慰。空格后的comfort为抽象名词具体化，此处泛指一件令人感到安慰的事，故用不定冠词a。262016宝鸡二检Im interested in science and determined to become _ Einstein in China.答案an后一个分句表示决心成为一个中国的爱因斯坦，且Einste
39、in的始发音为元音，因此用不定冠词an。272015浙江高考Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _ way.答案a; the句意：多年来，简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但由于种种原因耽搁下来了。第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定短语，意为“挡路，妨碍”。282016漳州模拟Mary took advantage of the opportunity and t
40、ried to make _ good impression on her new boss.答案a句意：玛丽抓住这个机会，努力给新老板留下好印象。make a good impression on sb.意为“给某人留下好印象”，为固定短语。292013浙江高考People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.答案a; an句意：人们在很小的时候就养成了对某种特定的学习风格的偏爱，并且这些偏爱会影响学习。第一空是
41、考查短语develop a preference for.，意为“养成对的偏好”；第二空是固定搭配at an early age，意为“在很小的时候”。故均填不定冠词。302014重庆高考Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.答案the句意：萨姆已被任命为工程部的经理来接替乔治。take the place of sb.是固定搭配，意为“取代某人”。二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。12016四川高考I asked Mom to stay in t
42、he sitting room and I cooked in kitchen._答案kitchen前加the句意：我告诉妈妈待在客厅，我在厨房里做饭。此处表示双方都知道的厨房。22016龙岩质检She removed the hat she was wearing and tried on the black silk one._答案第二个thea句意：她摘下了正戴着的帽子，试戴了一顶黑色丝质的帽子。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指。32016全国卷My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of
43、time._答案thea句意：我叔叔说他从没梦想过在短时间内变得富有。in a short period of time“在短时间内”，为固定短语。42016全国卷But in that case, we will learn little about world._答案world前加the句意：但是，在那种情况下，我们对世界的认识就会很少。world前通常加定冠词the，表示特指。52016全国卷At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself._答案去掉the句意：起初，我认为自己知道一
44、切，并且能够独自做决定。at first“起初，一开始”，为固定短语。62014全国卷As result, the plants are growing everywhere._答案As后加a句意：结果，这些植物长得到处都是。as a result为固定短语，意为“结果，因此”。72014浙江高考A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket and became quite upset.The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success._答案athe最后一句句意：
45、找到票的那个人为自己的成功露出了高兴的微笑。此处使用定冠词the特指前面提及的那张票。82014辽宁高考Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day._答案第一个aan句意：此外，克利奥习惯于每天平均吠叫六个小时。名词average的始发音为元音音素，所以用an修饰。an average of.“的平均数”。92014四川高考Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.Soon the firefighters wi
46、ll come and put out a fire._答案第二个athe最后一句句意：很快，消防战士们就会过来将火扑灭。根据前文中的a fire alarm可知，此处指大家都已经知道的那场火灾，用the表示特指。102017天津联考If we expect the much cleaner world, we should attract the worlds attention to protect the world._答案第一个thea此处表示泛指，意为“一个更清洁的世界”，故用不定冠词a。112016广州模拟Its really a fun to walk along with a
47、full moon hanging in the sky._答案去掉第一个afun为不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。122017宝鸡二检It is said that the wool produced in Australia is of a high quality._答案去掉a句意：据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“be of抽象名词”为固定结构，名词前不用冠词。132017郑州预测A hero as he is, he is still modest._答案去掉A，hero中的h大写句意：尽管他是个英雄，但是他仍然很谦虚。as引起的倒装结构中，如果名词位于句首，单数名词前不用冠词。142
48、016重庆模拟When stealing, the thief was caught by him arm by a policeman._答案himthe在“动词(take/catch/pat/hit.)sb.介词(by/in/on)the名词(身体某一部位)”结构中，名词前要用定冠词the，而不用代词。152016天津调研His father is so talented that he is a teacher and a poet._答案去掉第二个a句意：他的父亲如此多才多艺，既是位老师又是位诗人。如果两个名词共有一个不定冠词，那么这两个名词指同一个人或物。零冠词及冠词的某些固定用法一
49、、零冠词1物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、不可数名词、国名、人名前通常不用冠词。By getting close to nature, you can really get refreshed.2不可数名词、复数名词表泛指或类指时。It isnt worthwhile spending so much time on minor problems.Bicycles are still a popular means of transport in China.3名词前已有限定词时。His car is much more expensive than mine.4表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科、季节
50、、年、月、星期等的名词前。He has milk and bread for breakfast every day.Of all the subjects, I like physics best.Autumn is a harvest season.5独一无二的头衔和职位名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。Mr. Smith was elected president of our school.6as/though引导的倒装结构中，如果名词放于句首，习惯上使用零冠词单数名词。Boy as/though he is, Justine has traveled to quite a few cou
51、ntries.7系动词turn后作表语的可数名词单数前。Tom has turned (become a) professional player.8表示交通方式的“by名词”中的名词前。He goes to work every day by taxi.零冠词用法口诀代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数。学科交通三餐饭，季节星期月份前。棋类球类阶级前，称呼习语和头衔。as/though倒装较特殊，零冠词用法要记全。二、含有冠词的某些固定短语all of a sudden 突然give sb. a ride 让某人搭便车for a while 一会儿at an early age 在很小的时候as a result 结果take the place of sb. 代替某人in the way 挡路；妨碍make the most/best of充分利用by the way顺便说一下on the whole总的来说on the spot在现场at first 起初，一开始at present目前on purpose故意in advance提前
