1、Unit4 History and traditions【自主检测】1Confucius was a Chinese thinker and social _ (philosophy) of the Spring and Autumn Period.2The teacher, as well as the students, _ (be) interested in the activity. 3I like to eat my bread _ butter. 4Please _ (sure) that all lights are switched off when you are away
2、.5What can we do to help them break away _ the difficult position?6Before driving into the city, youre required to get your car _ (wash)7With his suggestion _ (reject), he felt upset. 8If you belong _ a club, this group may also be helpful. 9Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of _ (ac
3、hieve)10Ive been so eager _ (experience) life like the hero.参考答案：1. 答案：philosopher2. 答案：is3. 答案：with4. 答案：ensure5. 答案：from6. 答案：washed7. 答案：rejected8. 答案：to9. 答案：achievement10. 答案：to experience【核心考点梳理】*核心词汇&短语announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称announcement n. (一项)公告，布告，通告；(指行动)宣布，宣告(1)announce sth. to sb. announc
4、e to sb. sth. 向某人宣布/通知某事It_is_announced_that . 据宣布(that引导主语从句)(2)make an announcement 发布通告 approach n. 方法；途径；接近vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理vi. 靠近 (1)be approaching 临近，靠近with sth. approaching 随着的临近(2)(an) approach to 接近；近似；(做某事)的方法/途径at the approach of 在快到的时候 belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应 belongings n. 财产，所有物belong_to 属于(不
5、能用于进行时态和被动语态) break_away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱break down (机器等)出故障，损坏；分解；崩溃；情绪失控break in 闯入，破门而入；打断，插嘴break into 破门而入；闯入break off 折断；中断break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发break up 分解；打碎；破裂，分手 charge n. 收费；指控；主管vt. 收费；控告；充电take charge of 接管/负责in charge of 负责/主管in the charge of 受的管理free_of charge 免费charge sb.
6、(sth.) for sth. 为某物向某人收取(费用)charge sb. with sth. 控告某人(做)某事 crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众vt. 挤满；使拥挤a_crowd_of/crowds_of 成群的；一群the crowd 群众；老百姓；凡夫俗子crowd around/round . 聚集在周围；聚拢crowd . into/onto . 把装满(或塞满)crowd into/onto . 大批涌入(狭小的空间) defence n. 防御；保卫defend v. 防御；保护；保卫defence against sth. 防御物；防务；防御能力defend . aga
7、inst/from . 保护免受伤害 eager adj. 热切的；渴望的eagerly adv. 热切地eagerness n. 渴望；热切be eager for sth. 急于得到be eager to_do sth. 渴望做某事be eager for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事be_eager that . 热切希望 evidence n. 证据；证明 evident adj. 明显的evidently adv. 明显地，显然There_is_some_evidence_that . 有证据证明It_is_evident_that . 很明显 fascinating
8、 adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的fascinate v. 深深吸引；迷住fascinated adj. 入迷的；极感兴趣的 generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的generosity n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方be generous with sth. 在上面很慷慨/大方It is generous of sb. to_do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方 greet vt. 问候；迎接greeting n. 问候；招呼；迎接；致意greet sb. with sth. 以
9、迎接/接待某人 individual adj. 单独的；个别的n. 个人 individually adv. 单独地；个别地individual resume 个人简介；个人简历individual account 个人账户individual character 独特性；个性；个性人物 keep_your_eyes_open_(for) 留心；留意keep back 阻止；隐瞒；抑制keep away_(from) 避开，远离keep . in_mind 记住keep in_touch_with sb. 与某人保持联系keep off 不接近；远离keep on_doing sth. 继续做
10、某事keep up 继续，使维持较高水平keep up with 跟上；与保持联系 legal adj. 法律的；合法的 illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的；违法的legally adv. 合法地；法定地legal action 法律行动legal advice 法律咨询/建议legal battle 官司；法律纠纷legal defence 法律辩护legal department 法务部legal documents 法律文件legal expert 法律专家legal guardian 法定监护人 surround vt. 围绕；包围 surrounding adj. 周围的su
11、rroundings n. 环境；周围的事物surround . with . 以包围be surrounded by/with 被包围*核心句式1As one of Confucius_descendants,_Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family tree.(教材P38)作为孔子的后代之一，小孔的名字被记载在家谱上。2They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as_well_as_share the same currency and military defence. (教材P40)除了
12、拥有同样的货币和军事防御，他们也使用同样的国旗，亦称为米字旗。3Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke_away_from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(教材P40)最后，在20世纪，南爱尔兰脱离英国，因此才有了今天英国的名字：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。4If you keep your eyes open，y
13、ou will be surprised_to_find that you can see both its past and its present.(教材P41)如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现你可以同时看到它的过去和现在。5They had_castles_built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. (教材P41)他们在英格兰到处建造城堡，并且更改了法律体系。6And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely
14、_to_experience local culture and customs firsthand.(教材P44)如果你能认识一个友好的人，你更有可能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。7The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted_with sheep and cattle.(教材P44)“绿宝石(爱尔兰岛)”宁静秀美、郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，其风景堪称
15、一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。8Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering_something for each of the senses.(教材P44)美丽的乡村让所有人为之兴奋和鼓舞，刺激着每一种感官。【写作指导】*技法指导本单元的写作项目是概要写作，对一篇介绍某个地方的文章用简洁的语言概括原文的主题。这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。在写作此类文章时，我们要注意的是，在概要中不要照搬原文语句，而要用自己的语言，如恰当的同义词或同义句来代替原文的关键词、主旨句或段落中心大意。在写作时要注意以下几点：1理清
16、原文结构了解文章的结构可以更好地为理解中心意思服务。2抓中心词和大意找出原文的关键词、主旨句和各段落的大意，用词性转换、近义词替换、转换句型或者用概括的语言(如名词性从句)简化描述的方法来重新组织文章；然后用衔接词或合并句子的方法让概要更为流畅、凝练。*经典句式1. 开头常用句式(1)How well do you know the history of China?你对中国的历史有怎样的了解？(2)The local history of the area is fascinating.这个地区的历史很令人着迷。(3). traces its history back to . 的历史可以追
17、溯到2主体段落常用句式(1)Covering an area of only about 100 square kilometers, the island serves as an important supporting point in military.占地仅大约100平方公里，这个岛屿在军事方面承担着重要的补给功能的作用。(2)Bordering the USA on the south, Canada faces the Atlantic Ocean on the east, the Arctic Ocean on the north and the Pacific Ocean o
18、n the west.在南部与美国接壤，加拿大东临大西洋，北靠北冰洋，西濒太平洋。(3)On the one hand, we should keep up our traditional life style.另一方面，我们应该保留我们的传统生活方式。3结尾常用句式(1)We should restore and promote this tradition.我们要恢复和发扬这个传统。(2)We hope to see you elaborate and consolidate your tradition.我们希望看到你们发展和巩固你们的传统。(3)These events changed
19、 the course of history.这些事件改变了历史的进程。(4)This region is steeped in tradition.这个地区有着深厚的传统。*典例示范阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Manhattan is the heart of New York City. It is really an island, which is only 13 miles long and 2 miles wide. Seen from the air, it looks like a long finger, and from the sea, it is
20、 just like a picture we often see.On Manhattan are some of the most wonderful sights in the New York. What is the easiest way to see them? First, get a map of New York City, which is often supplied free at gas stations and tourist offices. You can take a bus tour, but a better way to see the sights
21、is to walk, and youll walk with your head thrown back so that you can look at the tall buildings rising like steep cliffs on both sides of the streets.Its not easy to get lost here. The streets of New York from squares are called blocks. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, running from eas
22、t to west. Those running from north to south are called avenues. Most of the avenues and streets have only numbers, of which the famous Fifth Avenue is the dividing line between the east and west in Manhattan.And here youll see the Empire State Building. On the 102nd floor, over 1,400 feet above the
23、 ground, it is possible for you to see the area in which one in ten of all the people in America live. And from there, you can look down at the other huge skyscrapers, the United Nations buildings, the Statue of Liberty in the harbour, Broadwaythe longest street in the world but not the straightest,
24、 and the greatest ships in the worlds biggest port. 写前导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了曼哈顿的相关信息，包括参观方式、布局和著名景点。精彩范文*跟踪训练阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Most people all over the world travel by the road. In a city in Italy, however, waterways make up the primary commuting routes. The city of Venice is best known for its c
25、anals. Unfortunately, this beautiful city of flatbottomed boats (Gondolas), and churches is sinking and sinking fast.Known as the “Queen of the Adriatic”， Venice is situated on 120 islands formed by canals between the mouths of the Po and Piave Rivers. And even the bits of firm ground have rather bo
26、ggy (泥泞的) foundations and all this slowly getting eroded (腐蚀的). The existing ground water table and the global climate changes that have raised sea levels by several inches, are proving its disaster for the city. As seaice melts and water levels rise, floods in Venice are getting from bad to worse.
27、And buildings are already feeling the impact of this phenomenon, with their foundations literally being shaken. Take one of the most famous landmarks of Venice for example, the 900yearold St. Basilica, now leans slightly to the left.Experts warn that the city may sink an additional eight inches in t
28、he next 50 years. Many scared residents have already started to move to drier regions in Italys mainland. To deal with the flood threat, a group of Venetians, called the New Venice Consortium, has come up with “Project Moses”a dam project named after the biblical figure, Moses. The idea is to place
29、underwater gates at different points where the Adriatic Sea enters the lagoon (环礁湖). When the water is low, the gates will remain open and as the water rises, the gates will close, preventing the seawater from flooding Venice. However, some people disagree with this idea. Environmentalists point out
30、 that the gates would have to remain closed most of the time and seawater will not be able to move in and out of Venice. As a result, the lagoon water will become stagnant (停滞的), harming the fish and plants that live there. Until a viable solution is found out, Venice, it seems, would continue to be
31、 threatened by floods. Truly, a case of being caught between the devil and the deep sea! 精彩范文Venice is facing the danger of sinking under water on account of the rise of seawater. (要点1)The foundations of the buildings are not solid and some famous building begin to slope. (要点2)Many residents have al
32、ready started to move to drier regions because the city may sink an extra eight inches. (要点3) Some venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”. But environmentalists point out the major problem of this project. (要点4)总评本篇范文按照原文写作顺序，将原文所表达的文章架构和中心思想，用简单而不失精致的语言进行表达；同义词、同义句的转换也很精准。亮点
33、呈现(1)Venice is facing the danger of sinking under water on account of the rise of seawater.短语on account of的使用准确并令人耳目一新。(2)Some venetians have thought of ways, among which is “Project Moses”句中使用“介词关系代词”结构，among which引导的定语从句使文章增加了高级感。【课外知识拓展-中华传统文化】课外拓展阅读中国优秀传统文化专题练阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
34、Over 2,200 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods. Li Bing, together with his son, decided to construct an irrigation system on the Min River _1_ (prevent) flooding. After a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed. Sin
35、ce then, the Chengdu Plain has been free of flooding _2_ the people has been living peacefully and wealthily.It is the _3_ (old) and only surviving nodam irrigation system in the world. It is also _4_ wonder in the development of Chinese science. The project consists _5_ three important parts, namel
36、y Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou, _6_ were scientifically designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year.There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui, where you can _7_ (clear) see the entire system. The great construction or
37、iginally started before the Song Dynasty. At that time, the body of the bridge _8_ (construct) with wooden blocks and the handrails (扶手) were made of bamboo. Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the _9_ (secure) of visitors from home and abroad. Seen from afar, the bridge looks like a rainbow _10_ (hang) over the river.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._参考答案：1.to prevent2.and3.oldest4.a5.of6which7.clearly8.was constructed9.security10.hanging
