1、2011高考英语一轮教学案大纲版Unit 16理解:要点诠释单词1.charge讲: vt.& n. 要价；记账；谴责；命令；充电；管理；照顾；收费例：They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.一杯咖啡他们向我要5美元。Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal.母亲训诫我要诚实，不可偷窃。How often shall I charge the battery?我多长时间充一次电？You can get service free of charge.你可得到免费服务。Ther
2、e is a 10 percent service charge.收10%的服务费。Ill be in charge of the whole factory next week,when the director is away.下周董事离开，我将负责整个工厂。The patient is in the charge of that doctor.这位病人由那位医生负责。链接提示 (1)be in charge of 管理/掌管 (2)be in/under the charge of.被/由掌管/负责 (3)free of charge免费的 (4)take charge of 担任；管理
3、练：(1)(2010甘肃兰州诊断考试) The seller would sell the jacket for seventy dollars,but the customer _only half the price.A.asked B.charged C.offered D.sold提示:charge要价、索价，offer出价。答案：C(2)My doctor,who is kept _ the nurse,has _ ill since last week.A.in the charge of;fallen B.in charge of;beenC.in the charge of;b
4、een D.in charge of;fallen提示:依据时间状语since last week，排除A、D项，因为瞬间动词fall不能与一段时间状语连用。be kept in the charge of sb.一直处在某人的看管下。答案:C2.sense讲: vt.& n.感官；感觉；意义；意味例：Can you make sense of what I said?你能理解我说的话吗？What you say is true in a sense.就某种意义而言，你说的是实话。She lost her senses when she heard the news.她听到这个消息就昏了过去。
5、He sensed that his proposal was unwelcome.他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。The dog sensed danger and barked.那条狗意识到危险后叫了起来。链接提示 (1)make sense 有道理；有意义；讲得通；是明智的；合乎情理的；易于理解；道理明显 This sentence doesnt make sense. 这个句子不通。 (2)make sense of sth.理解；弄懂(不易理解的事物) I cant make sense of the painting. 我看不懂那幅画。 (3)common sense常识 (4)the s
6、ense of duty/time/humor/direction责任感/时间观念/幽默感/方向感练：（1）(2010甘肃兰州诊断考试) Mr.Blake is well-known in the school because of his good_of humor.A.sense B.emotion C.feeling D.thought提示:sense of humor意为“幽默感”。答案：A(2)Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any _.A.value B.sense C.fun D.u
7、se提示:make不能与value搭配；make fun和make use与题意明显不符。句意为:够了!没有人认为你说的有意义。答案:B3.prove讲: vt.证明；证实link-v. 证明；结果是例：He has proved his courage in the battle.他已经在战斗中证明了他的勇敢。Can you prove that to the court?你能向法庭证明这一点吗？He proved an honest man.事实证明他是个诚实的人。It proved to be much more difficult than she had supposed.事实证明这
8、比她原来预料的要难得多。链接提示 (1)prove作及物动词时，可以接名词、代词、从句和复合宾语，且可以用于被动语态。 (2)prove用作连系动词时，后接形容词、名词、介词短语或to be结构。练：(1)The theory hes stuck _ us that earthquakes can be forecast.A.to proves B.to proveC.which to prove D.to proves to提示:句意为:他坚持的理论向我们证明地震是可以预报的。stick to表示“坚持（原则、计划、诺言等）”；prove to.表示“向证明”。故选D。答案:D(2)Why
9、was Professor Zhang unhappy recently？Because the theory he insisted on _ wrong.A.proved B.provingC.being proved D.was proved提示:he insisted on是定语从句；prove是连系动词，因此不可用于被动。故选A。答案:Afort讲: n. 舒服；安逸；舒适；安慰；宽慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物vt.安慰；抚慰；宽慰例：The priest spoke a few words of comfort to the dying man.牧师对将要死去的人说了几句安慰的话。H
10、e lives in great comfort.他生活极为舒适。After retirement,he took comfort from/in reading.退休后他从读书中得到慰藉。It is a comfort to know that she is safe.得知她平安无事，这是一个安慰。A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort.在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯热牛奶真是舒服。I tried to comfort Jean after her mothers death.詹妮的妈妈去世后，我尽力安慰她。链接提示 (1)comfort表
11、示“舒适；安慰”时为抽象名词，表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”时为可数名词。 (2)comfortable adj. 舒服的 The chair is comfortable to sit in. 这椅子坐上去很舒服。练：I hear they arent pleased with the house youve chosen for them.Well,where else could they live _?They should be satisfied.A.in such a comfort B.hardC.miserably D.in such comfort提示:解题时要依据语境，分析
12、推断第二个说话人的意思。从上下文，特别是They should be satisfied可以看出，第二个说话人的意思是“This is the best house they could find.”排除B、C两项；comfort作“舒适；安慰”讲时，是不可数名词，故选D。答案:D短语1.pick out讲:该短语的义项有“挑选；找出”。例：She picked out the shoes that match the dress.她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?你能在这人群中找出你的兄弟吗？The houses
13、in the painting were picked out in white.这幅画中的房子以白色凸现出来。I managed to pick out the passage.我终于理解了这篇文章的意思。链接拓展 (1)pick at 申诉；指责；吃一点点 His mother picked at him for being lazy. 他母亲指责他懒惰。 The sick woman just picked at the food he brought. 那生病的女人只吃了一点点他带来的食物。 (2)pick on 选择某人 The teacher always picked on me
14、 to answer a hard question. 老师总是挑我回答困难的问题。 (3)pick up 拾起；让乘客上车；驾车接某人；恢复；偶然得到；接收广播 After staying in hospital for long,the patient was advised to go to the seaside to pick up his health. 在医院住了很久以后，医生建议这位病人到海边去恢复健康。 Ill pick you up at your home. 我开车到你家去接你。 (4)pick over 慎重地调查；仔细地检查 He picked over a bask
15、et of apples. 他仔细地挑选了一篮子苹果。练：Have you _ any information?No,Im going to _ the business department.A.picked up;call at B.picked out;call onC.got;call on D.received;drop in提示:解题时可以从第二空入手:call on后接人；call at后接地点；drop in是不及物动词词组，搭配形式为drop in on sb./at some place。故选A。pick up的意思是“获得”。答案:A2.bring out讲:该短语的义项
16、有“说明；阐明；引出；使表现出；出版”。bring out在表示“出版”时，相当于publish，为及物动词短语。而短语come out表示“出版”时，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。例：She has brought out two new books at the same time.她同时出版了两本新书。This picture is very clear and brings out the wrinkles in her face.这张相片非常清晰，把她脸上的皱纹都照出来了。The company is bringing out a new kind of soap.这家公司在生产一
17、种新香皂。Difficulties can bring out a persons best qualities.困难可以显现一个人的最佳品质。链接拓展 (1)bring up抚养；提出；呕吐 (2)bring down使价格降低 (3)bring about引起；导致(=cause to happen) (4)bring in引进，赚取 (5)bring forward提出；提议 (6)bring back带回；使忆起练：(1)Can you make a sentence to _ the meaning of the phrase?A.show off B.turn out C.brin
18、g out D.take in提示:本题考查根据语意选择动词短语的能力。bring out 拿出，说明，阐明，引出；show off 表现自己，炫耀；turn out结果，原来（情况是），生产，制造；take in吸收，听进去，领会。依据前文make a sentence 和后文the meaning of the phrase不难判断出正确答案。答案:C(2)Difficulties and hardships have _ the best character of the young geologist.A.brought in B.brought out C.brought up D.
19、brought about提示:短语bring out的意思为“使显现出来；表明的个性”。答案:B句型1.祈使句+and/then/or/otherwise+陈述句结构讲：注意观察下面教材原句:Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross,and you will have a nice strong kite.把手帕四角与龙骨端头绑牢，就可以成为很好的结实风筝了。本句句型为:祈使句+and+陈述句。其中的祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句，如果陈述句表示否定，用连词or。例：Be careful,and you
20、will do better.=If you are careful,you will do better.做仔细些，你会做得更好。Hurry up,or we wont catch the early bus.=If we dont hurry up,we wont catch the early bus.快点，不然就赶不上早班车了。链接提示 用and,then表示递进关系，“那么”，用or或otherwise表示转折关系，“否则”。该句型可以用if或unless引导的条件状语从句替换，即“条件句+陈述句”，这时后面的连词就不需要了。练：（1）(2010北京春季) Lose one hour
21、 in the morning _ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.A.but B.and C.or D.so提示:本题考查句型结构中的连词用法。句型“祈使句and陈述句”表示“这么做，那么就会怎么样”。答案:B(2)(2010河南新乡调研) Three minutes earlier_ we could have caught the early train to Philadelphia.A.or B.but C.and D.so提示:本题中名词短语相当于祈使句的省略句，题干可换成“条件句+陈述句”结构，即If we had s
22、et out three minutes earlier,we could have caught the early train to Philadelphia.答案:C2.to do作表语的句型结构讲：注意观察下面教材原句:What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes?眼睛里进了东西时该怎么做呢？例：We are to meet at the school gate.我们约定在校门口碰头。You are to be back by 10 oclock.你得在十点钟前回来。I am to inform you that the me
23、eting will be held in Hangzhou.我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。A knife is to cut with.刀是用来切割的。They were never to meet again.他们注定将来永远不会见面。链接提示 be to do 结构可以用来表示安排、命令、职责、用途、命中注定要发生的动作。练：(1)(2010云南统一检测) Jimmy needs to improve his technique if he _ gold medals in the 2008 Olympics.A.wins B.is winning C.is about to win D.i
24、s to win提示:句意为：吉米要想在2008年奥运会上获金牌就需要提高他的技术。答案：D（2）Bills aim is _ the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal.A.to inform B.informing C.inform D.informed提示:动词不定式作表语，表示“职责”。句意为:Bill的目的是告诉观众电视上的香烟广告是违法的。答案:A辨析1.take care,take care of,watch out,look out（1)take care of“爱护；照顾”，后跟名词或代词,不可单独使用。(2
25、)take care“小心；注意”，后面可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟that从句。(3)watch out和look out也有“当心；注意”的意思。这两个短语可以单独使用，表示警告，也可以构成watch out for./look out for.表示“注意、留意”。即时练习:(1)_ that you dont spoil your clothes.(2) _ not to drop it!(3)She stayed at home to _ the baby.(4) _ for a tall man in a black hat.(5) _! The training is coming!
26、答案:(1)Take care (2)Take care (3)take care of (4)Watch out/Look out (5)Look out/Watch out2.close,closely(1)close adj. 靠近；接近；亲密的；彻底的；小心的(2)close adv. 接近；靠近(3)closely adv. 靠近；密切地；仔细地作“靠近”解时，close的意思相当于“near”；closely语气较强，相当于“very near”。closely还有比喻的用法，意思是“亲密地、仔细地、严密地”。即时练习:(1)I sat and watched everyone v
27、ery _ (=carefully).(2)Our new house is _ to the school.(3)He is my _ friend.(4)He walked into the room, _ followed by the rest of the family.(5)They sat _ together.(6)Dont come too _.(7)We live very _ to the school.答案:(1)closely (2)close (3)close (4)closely (5)close (6)close (7)close诱思:实例点拨【例1】 (201
28、0浙江模拟) I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good of _direction.A.idea B.feeling C.experience D.sense提示:have a good idea of意为“对非常了解”；feeling指“感情”；experience指“经验、经历”；sense指“感觉”。从句意看，应选D项，sense of direction指“方向感”。答案:D讲评:考查名词具体意思和用法的题也是经常出现在模拟题中的，在平时要分清单词的意思和用法。【例2】 (2010湖北模拟
29、) This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can _ my father.A.find out B.pick out C.look out D.speak out提示:find out“发现；找出”；pick out“找出；分辨出”；look out“向外看；当心；注意”；speak out“大声说出”。只有pick out的意思符合句意。答案:B讲评:做好考查短语的题的惟一途径就是平时多记，短语的意思并不是组成短语的词的意思的叠加，不能望文生义。【例3】 (2010重庆模拟) His idea of having wee
30、kly family meals together,which seemed difficult at first,has _ many good changes in their lives.A.got through B.resulted from C.turned into D.brought about提示:句意为:他提议每周全家人出去吃顿饭，起初这看似很难，但后来却给他们的生活带来了许多好的变化。get through做完；度过；接通；result from是的结果；由造成；turn into变成；bring about带来；造成。故选D。答案:D讲评:对于动词短语，在平时要练好基本功，方能结合语境、句意选择正确答案。
