1、湖南省2007年高考英语新题型阅读简答题专项训练 （一）难度：*Most people agree that the direct, assertive(过分自信的) American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes surprises foreigners. In many cultures, respect for older people or those in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings. But in the U.S,
2、 children often argue with their parents, students may disagree with their teachers, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government. If the soup has a fly in it or the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can complain to the waiter, if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will
3、 politely point it out.Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults. The extremely competitive nature of Americans is probably their worst fault. Of course, competition isnt always bad. As a matter of fact, it promotes excellence by enco
4、uraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best. But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest. Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and fresh. Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices
5、that have greater respect for more traditional, leisurely ways of doing things. On the other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, challenging American lifestyle.Despite culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues. Americans are generally viewed
6、 as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted. Most newcomers to the U.S. like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual. Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people. In a nation of immigrants, the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long.73Find
7、 a word in the last paragraph closest in meaning to the underlined word immigrantnewcomer74.Why is the extremely competitive nature considered as one of American faults?（不超过10个词）Because it may sometimes urge people to do something bad.文章第二段第五句话指出“But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes cause
8、s people. unkind and even dishonest”,也就是说，极端的竞争性有时会使人误入歧途75.What does the passage mainly talks about? （不超过2个词）American characters 本文主要阐述了美国人的性格，作者在第二段第二句中提到“The extremely competitive nature. their worst fault”,以及第二段倒数第二句也提到“Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices.” （二）难度：*Every da
9、y 25 million U.S. children ride school buses. The safety record for these buses is much better than for passenger cars; but nevertheless, about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones. By and large
10、, however, the nations school children are transported to and from school safety.Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large, the safety of children is always of intense public concern. While everyone wants to see children transported safely, people are divided about what needs to be
11、 done-particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory.People in favour of seat belts on school buses-many of them parents and medical organizations-argue that seat belts are necessary not only to reduce fatality and injury, but also to teach children lessons about the importance of using them r
12、outinely in any moving vehicle. A side benefit, they point out, is that seat belts help keep children in their seats, away from the bus driver.People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safet
13、y Administrations (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977. They also believe that many children wont wear seat belts anyway, and that may damage the belts or use them as weapons to hurt other children.A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices
14、and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive. For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts. The report sponsored by the Department of transportation at the request of Congress, reviews seat belts e
15、xtensively while taking a broader look at safety in and around school buses.73Find a word in the passage closest in meaning to the underlined word vehiclebus74.According to the passage, what definition can you give to “school bus” ?（不超过8个词） the bus offered by the school 75.According to the passage,
16、who has the greatest degree of control of the school buses “safety”?（不超过5个词）National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.此题是问谁最有权控制学校班车的安全。文章第四段讲道:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration在1977年制定的安全措施很好地保护了校车中孩子们的安全。据此可以推知，该机构有权就校车安全问题制定相关规定，它是最有权威的 （三）难度：*While drunken driving may be on the
17、 decline, traffic safety experts remain puzzled over how to deal with another alcohol related danger: drunken pedestrains（行人）.Pedestrians struck and killed by cars often are extremely drunk. In fact, they are intoxicated（喝醉的，极其兴奋的） more frequently-and with higher blood alcohol levels-than drunken dr
18、ivers who are killed in accidents, various studies have shown. Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a blood alcohol level of at least 0.10-which by law in most states signifies intoxication-compared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent f
19、ederal data.Some types of pedestrain accidents have been declining nationally, especially those involving children, but the number of adult pedestrians who are drunk when killed in traffic has remained relatively steady at 2500 a year. The total number of pedestrians killed annually in U.S. traffic
20、accidents is at least 7000, or one of every seven highway accidents resulting in death.“Were dealing here, we think, with a very severe drinking problem that leads to a severe highway safety problem,” said Richard Blomberg, president of Dunlap and Associates Inc, in Norwalk, Coon.Blomberg, whose con
21、sulting company found a very high rate of alcohol involvement in a controlled study of pedestrian accidents in New Orleans, was among several researchers who spoke on the topic at the annual meeting of the Research councils Transportation Research Board(TRB) in Washington in January.Pedestrian accid
22、ents have not received enough attention in the past, according to Kay Colpitts, who chairs the boards committee on pedestrians. Few methods exist to monitor walking habits, she said, and researchers have been mystified（迷惑） about how to prevent disasters.73Find a word in the passage closest in meanin
23、g to the underlined word crashaccident74.What would be the best title for the passage?（不超过5个词）Drunken Pedestrian Accidents. 本文主题是讲解醉酒行人出交通事故的问题75.According to the passage, what is Blomberg?（不超过3个词）A researcher. 此题可从文中第五段找到答案。每年1月，调查委员会在华盛顿召开交通研究会议，Blombery是在会上发言的研究人员之一。他的咨询公司在新奥尔良地区行人事故的对比研究中发现，酒精肇事
24、在行人交通事故中的比率非常高。所以Blomberg是一位研究人员。 （四）难度：*Even with little exposure（暴露） to cultural standards of beauty, “infants treat attractive faces as distinctive（与众不同的，有特色的） regardless of the sex, age and race of the stimulus(刺激物) faces,”write psychologist Judith H.Langlois and her colleagues in the January DE
25、VELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.In their experiment, 60 healthy 6-month-old infants from middle-class families viewed slides showing eight pairs of white male faces and eight pairs of white female faces. Each pair, displayed for 10 seconds, consisted of one attractive and one unattractive face, as previously
26、 judged by a group of male and female college students. An experimenter viewed the young participants on a video monitor and recorded the direction and duration（持续时间） of each infants gaze（盯）.The 35 boys and 25 girls looked longer at both male and female faces judged as attractive, the researchers fo
27、und.Their second study of 6-month-old involved 15 boys and 25 girls, mostly white, who saw eight pairs of slides（幻灯片） showing an attractive and an unattractive black female, as previously judged by both white and black college students. Again, the babies looked much longer at attractive faces.Finall
28、y, 19 boys and 20 girls, all 6 months old and almost all of them white, viewed eight pairs of slides showing the faces of 3-month-old boys and girls previously rated as attractive or unattractive by college students. Attractive baby faces drew signficantly longer looks, the psychologists report.Furt
29、her studies must explore whether infants take attractive faces as “best examples” of a face, the investigators claim Langlois and a coworker recently reported that attractive faces may possess features that approximate the mathematical average of all faces in particular population.73Find a word in t
30、he passage closest in meaning to the underlined word infantbaby74.What does the writer implies in the last paragraph？ （不超过10个词）Langlois and her partners have found a more interesting field文章最后一段指出:这些研究者坚持认为，进一步的研究应该探索这些婴儿是否把吸引入的面孔作为最典型的面孔。由此可推断出：Langlois及其同事发现了一个更有趣的领域75.What is the title that best
31、expresses the main idea？ （不超过5个词）Beauty in Variety文章介绍了Langlois和其同事们的三次实验，内容是让一些六个月的婴儿观察漂亮与不漂亮的脸，结果发现他们与大学生一样，都会在漂亮面孔前注视的时间长一些，而漂亮面孔各有其特点 （五）难度：*America is a country on the move. In unheard of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59
32、percent of American adults exercise regularly-up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active.It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are
33、 shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads of everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publi
34、city (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding-and sometimes safer-forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most pop
35、ular form of exercise.As the popularity of exercise continues to mount（增长）, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (强有力地) enough to approximately（近似地，大约） double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at
36、 a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.73Find a phrase in the passage closest in meaning to the underlined part better healthphysical fitness74.It can be learnt from the passage that the health benefits of exercise, is it right?（不超过5个词）Yes, it is right.75.What would be the best title for the passage?（不超过7个词）Exercise-The Road to Health 本文以美国人为例讲运动对人身体的好处
