1、上海市静安区2021届高三英语上学期一模试题（含解析）I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you he
2、ar a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How much is the womans share of the bills?A. 15 dollars.B. 20 dollars.C. 25 dollars.D. 45 dollars.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Ive
3、 received this months gas bill of 20 dollars and electricity bill of 25 dollars.W: The three of us share the apartment and we will share the total cost equally.2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where will the woman probably go this afternoon?A. To the gallery.B. To the dentists.C. To her flat.D. To the garage.【答
4、案】D【解析】【原文】M: There is an oil painting exhibition at the national gallery. And John will go there with me this afternoon after he has his teeth examined. You care to join us?W: Id love to. But I had a flat tyre just now. Im afraid I have to have it checked.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is true about Mis
5、s James?A. She was fired by the company.B. She broke the law.C. She is on leave right now.D. She is replacing the companys website.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Miss James just gave birth to a baby and according to the law, she wont be back in the office in the next three months. We have to find a replacement.M:
6、Sure. Weve already added a job opening on our companys website.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Patient and doctor.B. Resident and government official.C. Customer and insurance agent.D. Boss and secretary.【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】W: Mr. Robinson. The life po
7、licy you are going to sign with us will guarantee that you wont be worried about the heavy fees to treat certain serious diseases like cancer.M: Thats good.5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson.B. He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson.C. All the
8、 tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed.D. He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: You must be very sad as Mr. Johnson has left your company?M: Quite the opposite. Finally I dont have to take over the tasks he has messed up.6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman mean?A. She prefers dogs
9、 to cats.B. She had a close relationship with the mans daughter.C. She used to sorrow over her dogs death.D. She is always in low spirits.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: My daughter has been in low spirits lately as her pet cat died.W: I felt the same three years ago when I lost my pet dog forever.7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附
10、件查看】What does the man mean?A. The woman should get the chips herself.B. The woman shouldnt eat chips.C. The woman used to have several heart attacks.D. The woman warned the man against heart attacks.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Honey, would you please pass on that box of chips to me?M: Chips? Have you forgotten
11、what the doctor warned you of when you had the heart attack?8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. They plan to have the meeting in another place.B. The availability of the meeting room will be discussed.C. They have already had the meeting.D. They will have the meeting sometime later.【答案】D【
12、解析】【原文】W: Arent we supposed to have a meeting this afternoon?M: It was the plan but then it turned out that the meeting room was occupied and we had to postpone it.9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman mean?A. The cars demand greatly exceeds supply.B. The woman has listed the cars advantages.C. T
13、he woman received a car a month ago.D. The woman didnt like the car.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Does the newly-released sports car sell well?W: Actually, the car is so popular that I am still on the waiting list after a month.10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman mean?A. She wont do the presentation.B. She
14、needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation.C. She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation.D. The topic is most important for the presentation.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Are you ready for your presentation at the workshop?W: Im still chewing on the topic, let alone outlining the
15、presentation and collecting data.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When
16、you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. According to the passage, what would affect the quality of the frozen food?A. The type of food you freeze.B. The way you warm
17、up the frozen food.C. Whether the freezer bags are sealed.D. What temperature you set your freezer to.12. Why are glass containers suggested by the speaker?A. Because they can be easily stocked.B. Because they fit well in the fridge.C. Because they come in different sizes and shapes.D. Because they
18、help to keep the dry food dry.13. In what way does food labeling help people?A. Prevent people from eating too much food.B. Stop people from removing food that hasnt gone bad.C. Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food.D. Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food.【答案
19、】11. C 12. D 13. B【解析】【原文】Do you know that an average American wastes more than 200 pounds of food a year? Besides human factors, sometimes food just goes bad too soon. Fortunately, there is something you can do to make your food last longer.First, is there food in your refrigerator that is on the e
20、dge of rotting? You can always freeze it. You can do this with everything from fruit to cakes you made the other night. Most things freeze well, and can be later warmed up so you can enjoy them even weeks down the road. But to guarantee the quality of the frozen food, you must make sure your freezer
21、 bags are tightly sealed.And remember to stock up on glass containers to store your dry goods! This will keep them safe from dampness as being wet is the main reason for dry food to go bad. Dry goods include everything from pasta and cereal to nuts and rice. You can use glass containers in any shape
22、 or size. Just keep them dry.Finally, while it might be a little ambitious to label or date everything in your refrigerator, you can start with recent leftovers or items that go bad quickly, like milk or bread. Labeling items can help you keep track of when you made or opened them. People sometimes
23、throw things out because theyre not sure if they have gone bad, and theyd rather be safe than sorry. Their caution, on the other hand, might cause food waste. And food labeling perfectly solves the problem, making it clear what should be thrown away and what shouldnt.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看
24、】14. Which measure is the nation still unwilling to take to fight workforce shortage?A. Postpone retirement age.B. Involve more women in work.C. Hire more foreign workers.D. Attract workers with high salaries.15. What is the true value of robots?A. Relieve pressure on human nursing care.B. Take care
25、 of children and the elderly.C. Finally replace humans in workforce.D. Give humans more time for creative work.16. What is the biggest difficulty robots meet with?A. Robots cant do certain work.B. Some people dont accept robots.C. The expenses for robots are still high.D. The functions of robots nee
26、d improving.17. What is the passage mainly about?A. Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage.B. Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot.C. Robots have played a major role in Japans industry.D. Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage.【答案】14. C 15. D 16. B 17. D【解析】【原文】Robots could fi
27、ll 3.5 million jobs in Japan by 2025, helping to relieve worker shortages as the countrys population shrinks. Japan faces a 16 percent fall in the size of its workforce by 2030, which raises worries about who will do the work when the country is still not ready to accept more foreign workers. Some m
28、easures have already been taken to deal with the problem. Seniors are pushing back their retirement until they are 65 years old. Day care centres are being built so that more women can work during the day, and some companies are increasing salaries to make the jobs more appealing. But none of these
29、can beat the shrinking work force. Fortunately, the Machine Industry Memorial Foundation says robots could help fill the gaps, doing jobs ranging from room cleaning to complicated cooking. Robots could monitor the health of older people, so they dont have to rely on human nursing care. They can also
30、 help to look after children and bathe the elderly. Besides, rather than each robot replacing one person, the foundation says in a report that the real meaning of robots is that by doing ordinary work, they save time for people so that people can focus on more important and creative things. Of cours
31、e, changes are still needed for robots to make a big impact on the workforce. Theres the expensive price tag. The functions of the robots still need to be improved, and whats most important, some people are still resistant to the idea of robots. After all, people should be willing to use the robots
32、or the robots will become totally useless.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18. What will happen when the sailing date is close?A. The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment.B. Only half of the cabins will be filled up.C. The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced.D. Everyo
33、ne will be able to afford the ticket.19. What is most important for the man in order to get the cheapest ticket?A. Book tickets as soon as they are available.B. Closely watch the changes of ticket prices.C. Compare deals from different sources.D. Keep in contact with a travel agent you can trust.20.
34、 Why should the man have a flexible schedule?A. Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time.B. Because he can work part-time to cam money to pay for the tour.C. Because doing price research and comparing takes time.D. Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap t
35、icket.【答案】18. C 19. C 20. D【解析】【原文】M: Hey, Jenny. You look fantastic. Anything exciting?W: I am just back from my cruise tour in southern Europe.M: Wow, a cruise tour. Is touring on such passenger ships like staying in a small floating city on the sea which provides all sorts of diets and entertainm
36、ent?W: Dont forget when it arrives at a port, you can have a shore excursion as well.M: How amazing! But Ive heard that costs for such cruise tours are especially high.W: Thats a common misunderstanding. Everyone can have a pleasant cruise tour on a limited budget like me.M: Really? How?W: You know,
37、 the cost of running a large ship is very high. Cruise liners actually dont start making real money until they are close to 100% filled up. As the sailing date approaches, a ship will begin to cut prices - even up to 50% off - in order to fill the ship up. You can just be patient and wait until then
38、 to book.M: Excellent.W: But these deals dont last long and you should know when they are available.M: But how?W: You could work with a travel agent you trust. And keep watching ticket prices so that you can know when the prices begin to fall. And its essential to keep comparing prices from differen
39、t dealers or companies. This will make sure that you can have the best deal.M: Thats effectiveW: Also, because you dont know in advance which ships will be vacant or booked solid, you will often need to keep your schedule flexible. Make sure you are ready to set off at short notice. Therefore, when
40、the best deal comes out, you can immediately catch it.M: For sure. It may take some effort. But a wonderful and cheap cruise tour deserves some effort.W: My thoughts exactly.II Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent
41、 and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.UK-based supermarket Waitrose has been accused by social media users for selling tree leaves at 6 pounds.Photos of var
42、ious tree leaves packaged in plastic bags and arranged as flower bouquets(花束) went hot on social media lately, _21_ (cause) complaints because of the products price, six British pounds. Considering tree leaves can literally be picked up from the street this time of year, its understandable that some
43、 people went after Waitrose, accusing the supermarket of trying to make money by selling _22_that is actually free.A bag of actual leaves? Ill sell you a bin bag of leaves for 10p one customer wrote.This has got to be from the drunk Monday morning meeting category of ideas, someone else commented.Ap
44、parently, the bizarre bouquets appeared on Waitrose supermarket shelves as a way to welcome autumn, and _23_ (feature) a sticker urging customers to bring the outdoors inside.Brighten up your home with freshly picked flowers _24_pleasant scents(香味)refresh the season, the official product description
45、 read. We source the best blooms from expert growers, and handle them gently_25_ they can look beautiful for longer._26_the generally negative feedback on its autumn-themed product, the British supermarket proudly announced that the idea _27_(inspire) at the beginning of autumn by a demand from shop
46、pers._28_we intend to offer, we base our decision on the demands from customers. Our customers love using these leaves to mix in with their seasonal flowers to brighten their homes, a Waitrose spokesperson told The Sun.Interestingly, there were those who seemed to somewhat justify the price tag of t
47、his bag of leaves. They said that those were obviously high quality leaves. Their claim _29_be true. But even a bottle of wine can be bought at the same price or less. It seems crazy to charge 6 pounds for a bag of leaves.This isnt the first time that English shops and supermarkets_30_ (make) news h
48、eadlines for selling free things at high prices. There used to be a shop in London, which sold painted logs for $14 apiece.【答案】21. causing 22. something 23. featured 24. whose 25. so that 26. Despite 27. was inspired 28. Whatever 29. may/might 30. have made【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。近日，用塑料袋包装成花束的各种树叶的照片在社交媒体上
49、走红，因该产品的售价为6英镑而引发投诉。考虑到每年的这个时候人们都可以从街上捡到树叶，所以有些人盯上维特罗斯超市，指责这家超市试图通过出售免费商品来赚钱。而且这并不是英国商店和超市第一次因高价出售免费商品而登上新闻头条。【21题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，用塑料袋包装成花束的各种树叶的照片在社交媒体上走红，因该产品的售价为6英镑而引发投诉。分析句子结构可知cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语flower bouquets构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填causing。【22题详解】考查代词。句意：考虑到每年的这个时候人们都可以从街上捡到树叶，所以有些人盯上维特罗斯超市，
50、指责这家超市试图通过出售某些免费的东西来赚钱，这是可以理解的。结合句意表示“某物”，且为肯定句，应用不定代词something。故填something。【23题详解】考查动词时态。句意：显然，这些稀奇古怪的花束出现在维特罗斯超市的货架上是为了迎接秋天，还贴了一张贴纸，敦促顾客“把户外带进来”。feature在句中作谓语，根据上文the bizarre bouquets appeared on Waitrose supermarket shelves as a way to welcome autumn, and可知应用一般过去时。故填featured。【24题详解】考查定语从句。句意：官方产品
51、说明上写道：“用新鲜采摘的鲜花点亮你的家，芳香怡人，让你在这个季节焕然一新。”此处为定语从句修饰先行词flowers，先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。【25题详解】考查状语从句。句意：“我们从专业种植者那里采购最好的花朵，并温柔地处理它们，这样它们看起来更漂亮。”引导目的状语从句，结合语境表示“所以，以便”应用so that。故填so that。【26题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管秋季主题的产品反响普遍不太好，这家英国超市还是自豪地宣布，这一想法是受到初秋购物者需求的启发。结合句意表示“尽管”应用介词despite，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。【
52、27题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：尽管秋季主题的产品反响普遍不太好，这家英国超市还是自豪地宣布，这一想法是受到初秋购物者需求的启发。根据后文at the beginning of autumn可知应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为idea，谓语动词用单数。故填was inspired。【28题详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我们提供什么，我们都是根据客户的需求来决定的。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用whatever，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Whatever。【29题详解】考查情态动词。句意：他们的说法可能是对的。后文be为动词原形，可知应填情
53、态动词，且表示“可能”可用may或might。故填may/might。【30题详解】考查动词时态。句意：这并不是英国商店和超市第一次因高价出售免费商品而登上新闻头条。此处为句型“It/This is the first time+that+现在完成时”，表示“第一次”，that从句中主语为English shops and supermarkets，助动词用have。故填have made。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be u
54、sed once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. initiated B. display C. advocate D. extended E. annoyingF .squeezing G. exposure H. specifically I. relieved J. staged K. contemporaryAs glass towers continue to push their way into city skylines like sunflowers _31_ up through walled garde
55、ns, some homeowners and developers have come to a realization. Floor-to- ceiling glass may provide breathtaking views, but it cuts down on opportunities for art _32_.To solve the problem, a number of developers are thinking of designing apartment towers _33_with art exhibiting in mind. The developme
56、nt company RFR, for example, has_34_ the idea of designing loft(顶楼) units in the style of a downtown gallery.“I would love to be recognized as a developer who creates spaces that are really planned for an art collector/ said Aby Rosen, a co-founder of RFR and an art collector himself. Im a big _35_
57、of art which connects you with history and the desire for culture.”On a recent tour of the loft units at 100 East 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, Mr. Rosen pointed to the uninterrupted concrete walls and floors, its the kind that you may see when you go to a Gagosian Gallery or Paul Kasmin Gallery
58、, he said.The ceilings are embedded with slots that allow soft lighting to be installed for particular works. And to protect precious pieces, the exterior glass is specially treated to prevent the_36_ to sunlight.“These spaces enjoy many _37_high-rise benefits, while at the same time avoid _38_side
59、effects of a downtown loft the creaking floors and traffic noise, Mr. Rosen said.To hammer the point, one of the model units was _39_as a gallery rather than a home, with works from various collections. Mr. Rosen said that the units focus on art, without exception, _40_ to the lobby, too, where resi
60、dents could be greeted by a site-specific work designed solely for the building by Rachel Feinstein, who depicted New York City icons, including the Empire State Building and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.【答案】31. F 32. B 33. H 34. A 35. C 36. G 37. K 38. E 39. J 40. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一些房主和开发商正在
61、考虑在设计公寓大楼时特别考虑到艺术展示。例如，房地产开发公司RFR已经提出了以市中心画廊的风格设计顶楼单元的想法。文章还介绍了Aby Rosen对此的一些看法。【31题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着玻璃大厦不断挤进城市天际线，就像向日葵在有围墙的花园中挤来挤去，一些房主和开发商开始意识到这一点。结合句意表示“挤”可知应用动词squeeze，分析句子结构可知squeeze在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作介词like的宾语，应用动名词。故填squeezing。故选F。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：从地板到天花板的玻璃可以提供令人惊叹的景色，但它减少了艺术展示的机会。根据句意表示“展示”应用名词d
62、isplay，作宾语。故填display。故选B。33题详解】考查副词。句意：为了解决这个问题，一些开发商正在考虑在设计公寓大楼时特别考虑艺术展示。修饰后文介词短语with art exhibiting in mind，表示“特别”应用副词specifically。故填specifically。故选H。【34题详解】考查动词时态。句意：例如，房地产开发公司RFR已经提出了以市中心画廊的风格设计loft单元的想法。结合句意表“提出”应用动词initiate，根据上文The development company RFR, for example, has可知为现在完成时。故填initiated。
63、故选A。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：“我大力提倡将你与历史和对文化的渴望联系起来的艺术。”根据句意“提倡”以及上文a big可知应填单数名词advocate，作表语。故填advocate。故选C。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：为了保护珍贵的作品，外玻璃经过特殊处理，以防止暴露在阳光下。空处作宾语，结合句意表“暴露”可知应填名词exposure，表抽象概念，不可数。故填exposure。故选G。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：“这些空间享受了许多当代高层建筑的好处，同时也避免了市中心阁楼的恼人副作用吱吱作响的地板和交通噪音，”罗森说。修饰后文名词benefits，表示“当代”应用形容词cont
64、emporary，作定语，符合句意。故填contemporary。故选K。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：“这些空间享受了许多当代高层建筑的好处，同时也避免了市中心阁楼的恼人副作用吱吱作响的地板和交通噪音，”罗森说。修饰后文名词side effects，表示“恼人”应用形容词annoying，作定语符合句意。故填annoying。故选E。【39题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：为了强调这一点，其中一个样板房被布置成一个画廊而不是一个家，里面陈列着各种收藏的作品。结合句意表示“陈列”应用动词stage，根据上文one of the model units was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填st
65、aged。故选J。【40题详解】考查动词时态。句意：罗森说，这些单元对艺术的关注，无一例外也延伸到了大堂，迎接住户的是一件专门为大楼设计的现场作品，由Rachel Feinstein创作，描绘了纽约市的标志性建筑，包括帝国大厦和大都会艺术博物馆。根据句意“延伸”可知应填动词extend，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填extended。故选D。III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked
66、 A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The universe cannot be read until we have learnt the language and become familiar with the _41_ in which it is written. According to many, it is written in mathematical language, and the letters are triangles, circ
67、les and other geometrical figures.In human history, there are _42_ definitions of language. Whichever definition is used, a language contains the same components. There must be a vocabulary of words or symbols. Meanings must be _43_ the words or symbols. A language employs grammar, which is a set of
68、 rules that _44_how words are organized.Mathematics meets all the standards. The vocabulary of math draws from many different alphabets and includes symbols _45_to math. A mathematical equation（等式）may be stated in words to form a sentence that has a noun and a verb Just like a sentence in a spoken l
69、anguage.Mathematics grammar and syntax（句法），like vocabulary, are_46_. No matter what country youre from or what language you speak, the stricture of the mathematical language is the same. Formulas （公式） are always read from left to right.Understanding how mathematical sentences work is _47_when you le
70、arn math. Students often find numbers and symbols frightening, so putting an equation into a familiar language makes the subject _48_. Basically, its like translating a foreign language into a known one. A formula has the same meaning, regardless of any different language that_49_ it. In this way, m
71、ath helps people learn and communicate, even if other coimmunostain obstacles exist.Of course not everyone agrees that mathematics is a language. Some definitions describe language” as a spoken form of communication. Therefore, some people_50_mathematics as it is definitely a written form of express
72、ion.Sign language,_51_. would be invalid based on this standard. In fact most linguists accept sign language as a true language. Also, there are a handful of dead languages that no one alive knows how to even _52_ anymore.A strong _53_ for mathematics as a language is that modern elementary-high sch
73、ool curricula use_54_from language education for teaching mathematics. Educational psychologist Paul Ricco-mini wrote that students learning mathematics required a robust vocabulary knowledge base; fluency and proficiency with numbers, symbols, words, and diagrams; and comprehension skills, which in
74、 a way proves the real_55_of the subject as a special language after all.41. A. charactersB. signalsC. itemsD. portions42. A. formalB. historicalC. multipleD. civilian43. A. invisible toB. switched toC. attached toD. divided into44. A. imitateB. outlineC. encloseD. diagnose45. A. foreignB. inferiorC
75、. uniqueD. temporary46. A. competitiveB. internationalC. sufficientD. fluent47. A. additionalB. traditionalC. subjectiveD. necessary48. A. approachableB. functionalC. fundamentalD. influential49. A. accompaniesB. subscribesC. tracksD. arouses50. A. disqualifyB. evaluateC. reformD. erase51. A. in sho
76、rtB. more specificallyC. in particularD. however52. A. rescueB. pronounceC. substituteD. explore53. A. evolutionB. caseC. previewD. crisis54. A. staffB. techniquesC. statisticsD. inventions55. A. originB. natureC. resolutionD. reminder【答案】41. A 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. A 50. A 5
77、1. D 52. B 53. B 54. B 55. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了数学是一门特殊语言的观点。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有我们学会了宇宙的语言，熟悉了宇宙的文字，我们才能读懂宇宙。A. characters文字，特征；B. signals信号；C. items物品；D. portions部分。根据前后文“The universe cannot be read until we have learnt the language and become familiar with the in which it is written”以及后文中“The
78、re must be a vocabulary of words or symbols”可知，此处指熟悉了宇宙的文字，我们才能读懂宇宙。故选A。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人类历史上，“语言”有多种定义。A. formal正式的；B. historical历史的；C. multiple多重的；D. civilian民用的。根据后文“Whichever definition is used, a language contains the same components.”可知“语言”的定义是多样的。故选C。【43题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：单词或符号必须有意义。A. invi
79、sible to不可见的；B. switched to切换到；C. attached to附上；D. divided into分为。根据前后文“Meanings must be the words or symbols.”可知此处为短语be attached to，表示“单词或符号必须附有意义”。故选C。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言使用语法，语法是一组规则，概括了单词是如何组织的。A. imitate模仿；B. outline概括，描画轮廓；C. enclose围绕；D. diagnose诊断。根据后文“how words are organized”可知语法规则概括了单词是如何
80、组织起来的。故选B。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数学词汇来源于许多不同的字母，包括数学特有的符号。A. foreign外国的；B. inferior差的；C. unique独特的；D. temporary临时的。根据前后文“symbolsto math”可知是指数学所特有的符号。故选C。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数学、语法和句法，就像词汇一样，是国际性的。A. competitive竞争的；B. international国际的；C. sufficient足够的；D. fluent流利的。根据后文“No matter what country youre from o
81、r what language you speak, the stricture of the mathematical language is the same.”可知数学、语法和句法，就像词汇一样，是国际性的。故选B。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你学习数学时，理解数学句子的工作原理是很有必要的。A. additional额外的；B. traditional传统的；C. subjective主观的；D. necessary必要的。结合前后文“Understanding how mathematical sentences work iswhen you learn math”以
82、及常识，可知学习数学，理解数学句子的工作原理是很有必要的。故选D。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生们常常觉得数字和符号令人恐惧，所以用一种熟悉的语言来表达等式会使这门学科变得平易近人。A. approachable平易近人的，可接近的；B. functional功能的；C. fundamental基本的；D. influential有影响的。根据上文“Students often find numbers and symbols frightening, so putting an equation into a familiar language makes the subjec
83、t”可知生们常常觉得数字和符号令人恐惧，所以用一种熟悉的语言来表达等式会使这门学科变得对学生来说平易近人。故选A。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个公式具有相同的含义，不管它伴随的是什么不同的语言。A. accompanies伴随；B. subscribes订阅；C. tracks跟踪；D. arouses唤醒。根据上文“A formula has the same meaning, regardless of any different language that”可知此处指伴随一个公式的不同语言。故选A。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，一些人取消了数学的资格，因为它绝对
84、是一种书面形式的表达。A. disqualify取消资格；B. evaluate评价；C. reform改革；D. erase抹去。结合后文“mathematics as it is definitely a written form of expression.”可知有些人因为认为数学是一种书面形式的表达，而取消了数学是一种语言的资格。故选A。【51题详解】考查介词短语、副词辨析。句意：然而，基于这个标准，手语是无效的。A. in short总之；B. more specifically更具体地说；C. in particular尤其；D. however然而。根据前后文语境，可知为转折关系
85、，应用however。故选D。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，还有一些已经消亡的语言，活着的人甚至都不知道如何发音了。A. rescue营救；B. pronounce发音；C. substitute代替；D. explore探索。结合上文“there are a handful of dead languages that no one alive knows how to even”可知已经消亡的语言，人们不知道如何发音。故选B。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：数学作为一种语言的一个强有力的例子是，现代小学高中课程使用语言教育的技巧来教授数学。A. evolution进化；
86、B. case例子，情况；C. preview预览；D. crisis危机。根据后文“for mathematics as a language”可知是指数学作为一种语言的一个强有力的例子。故选B。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：数学作为一种语言的一个强有力的例子是，现代小学高中课程使用语言教育的技巧来教授数学。A. staff员工；B. techniques技术；C. statistics统计；D. inventions发明。结合后文“students learning mathematics required a robust vocabulary knowledge base; f
87、luency and proficiency with numbers, symbols, words, and diagrams”可知现代教育中使用语言教育的技巧来教授数学。故选B。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教育心理学家Paul Ricco-mini写道，学生学习数学需要一个强大的词汇知识库，熟练掌握数字、符号、文字和图表；这在某种程度上证明了这门学科毕竟是一门特殊语言的本质。A. origin起源；B. nature本质，自然；C. resolution决议；D. reminder提醒的人/物。根据前后文“which in a way proves the real of th
88、e subject as a special language after all.”可知，学习数学需要掌握的一系列类似语言学习的技巧，证明了数学是一门特殊语言的本质。故选B。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fi
89、ts best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The seven teenagers hurried towards the airport gate. Italys national under-16 swimming championship was taking place in Genoa and the boys were going to compete there. 14-year-old Marco Sulis looked around for his teamm
90、ates. Their coach sat near them. While preparing for take-off, the flight attendant began her routine safety briefing. Most of the passengers idled away the time engaging in chatting and eating. Although air crashes are alien to Marco, he, who perceived how vital the process was, would later remembe
91、r all her words.During the flight, as earlier instructed, he located the nearest emergency exit and made a mental note of the red handle behind a protective plastic shield. To open the door, one had to remove the plastic and pull the handle.Flanked by mountains to the north, the airport is often bat
92、tered by strong winds. Flight 1553 was a short one. The sky that day was crystalline blue and visibility was perfect.At two minutes to touchdown, the plane rocked, which was later found to be out of mechanical faults. Soon, it touched down precariously on two wheels. The captain attempted to reduce
93、the airplanes speed by braking hard but it was no use. Slipping sideways, the plane rushed out into the sea at high speed.Tons of water poured into the cabin. Passengers were shouting and rushing towards the emergency exit door. Marco watched people struggle with the door fruitlessly.“Let me do it!”
94、 Marco yelled, leaping out of his seat.Marco smashed the clear plastic with the palm of his hand. He grabbed the handle and pulled, using all the strength in his body. The emergency exit door finally swung open. However, the emergency door pinned Marcos leg down. Passengers passed Marco as they rush
95、ed out of the plane. Already soaking in water, Marco knew there was no time to waste. He pushed against the door as hard as he could and managed to free his leg. Marco exited from the plane finally and saw his coach and teammates bobbing in the waves. He began swimming towards the concrete pier(码 头)
96、.The others followed.When they reached the pier they were safe at last. Even though four people were killed in the accident, many more survived because of Marco. Marco just simply said, “All I did was to watch safety briefing.”56. Why did Marco remember the safety briefing?A. Because he used to meet
97、 with an air accident.B. Because he is excellent at remembering things.C. Because he was not used to eating and chatting on board.D. Because he realized the importance of flight safety measures.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Marco was the passenger sitting nearest to the emergency
98、exit.B. The weather condition was good for flying on the day of the accident.C. The plane went wrong above in sky because of the battering of wind.D. The pilot braked and finally managed to slow down the plane.58. Why didnt Marco leave the plane as soon as the exit door was opened?A. Because he was
99、trying to keep the exit door open for other passengers.B. Because he was looking for the coach and teammates in the plane.C. Because one part of his body was stuck tight.D. Because he was afraid of the sea water outside the plane.59. Many people were finally saved mainly because_.A. the crash on the
100、 runway was not seriousB. Marco managed to open the exit doorC. they knew how to swim in the sea waterD. they received help from staff at concrete pier【答案】56. D 57. B 58. C 59. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个“英雄”的事迹。在一次由于飞机故障而导致的坠机事件中，要去参加游泳锦标赛的Marco凭借自己的力量打开了飞机上的应急门，从而使得飞机坠机事件中更多的人活了下来。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据文章
101、第一段末尾内容“Although air crashes are alien to Marco, he, who perceived how vital the process was, would later remember all her words.”（虽然坠机对Marco来说是陌生的，但Marco意识到安全简报在坠机时的重要性，就记住了乘务员说的所有话）可知， Marco 记住安全简报是因为他意识到安全措施的重要性。故选D项。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The sky that day was crystalline blue and visibility was
102、perfect.”可知，当天的天空湛蓝湛蓝，能见度极佳，由此可知，事故发生那天的天气状况很适合飞行。故选B项。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第七段内容“However, the emergency door pinned Marcos leg down.(然而，应急门压住了Marco的腿。)”可知，当应急门打开时，应急门压住了Marco的腿，以致于他不能立即离开飞机。故选C项。【59题详解】细节理解题。根据文章末尾内容“Even though four people were killed in the accident, many more survived because of Mar
103、co.”可知，很多人在事故中幸存下来是因为Marco在发生事故后的英勇行为，再结合倒数第二段的“Marco smashed the clear plastic with the palm of his hand. He grabbed the handle and pulled, using all the strength in his body. The emergency exit door finally swung open.”可知，是Marco用手掌打碎了透明塑料，抓住把手，用尽全身的力气拉，应急门才终于打开。由此可知，很多人能够幸存下来是因为Marco打开了应急门。故选B项。(B
104、)Nicaragua is a land of opportunity for travelers. There are vast and varied activities one can have in this country.Hike Up the Mombacho VolcanoThis two-hour hike isnt going to be an easy one, but it is a rewarding experience and will get your heart racing. You can look forward to beautiful views o
105、f several of the four craters, spotting wildlife, and enjoying the cooler temperature. In case of any encounter with some fierce creatures, it is recommended that you hire a tour guide at the welcome center who knows how to react at an emergency.Horseback Riding in the Cloud ForestsHorseback riding
106、in the lush Nicaraguan countryside isnt something to miss. To prevent any danger a suspicious horse might bring, you have to book a packaged tour through a legal agency and then accompanied by a groom, you can enjoy a morning or afternoon exploring the backroads right outside the city of Granada. Th
107、e best part of this experience is a visit to the Apoyo Lagoon, a nature reserve that originated about 23,000 years ago. With a beautiful lake, it is a welcomed respite after riding in the hot sun for hours. Be sure to pack a bathing suit.Sunbathe in the Corn IslandsNot all activities have to be adre
108、naline-inducing. Take a break and enjoy the sunshine on the Corn Islands. The islands are about 43 miles off the coast of Nicaragua and consist of Big Corn Island and Little Corn Island. Sunny, with warm weather year round, these islands make for the perfect vacation. Visitors can enjoy lazy beach d
109、ays by the crystal blue waters of the Caribbean Sea.Volcano Board at Cerro NegroFor those who dare to try Volcano boarding theres no better place than Cerro Negro. Cerro Negro is still an active volcano that last erupted in 1999 and is monitored closely by the Nicaraguan Seismic Network to prepare f
110、or the immediate evacuation in case of eruptions. When the volcano is behaving itself; it is the perfect playground for adventurers.Whichever tour company you book, you will need to be prepared to carry your board. The summit, from which you will board down, is about 2,388 feet, a height ideal for t
111、he activity. After a quick compulsory tutorial of what to do, you will put on your “flight suit”, gird your loins, and descend down the volcano. The entire experience is about three to five minutes, depending on whether you stop or roll off your board.60. The underlined word evacuation is closest in
112、 meaning to ,A. demonstrationB. withdrawalC. punishmentD. entertainment61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. A tour guide is suggested for Mombacho hiking to strengthen wildness experience.B. The experience at the Apoyo Lagoon reserve is as tiring as the horseback
113、 riding.C. Cerro Negro is perfect for volcano board because it is still active.D. Visitors must receive training before actually boarding from Cerro Negro peak.62. A person who likes taking charge of everything on his own in travel will most likely go toA. the Mombacho VolcanoB. the Cloud ForestsC t
114、he Corn IslandsD. Cerro Negro【答案】60. B 61. D 62. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了尼加拉瓜是旅行者的天堂，在这个国家有各种各样的活动，文章提到了攀登蒙巴乔火山，在云雾森林里骑马，在科恩岛享受日光浴，塞罗内格罗火山等活动项目。【60题详解】词义猜测题。根据前文“Cerro Negro is still an active volcano”（塞罗内格罗火山仍然是一座活火山，)而“in case of eruptions”为条件状语，意为“万一火山爆发”，出现火山爆发时应是需要将居民或游客进行疏散以保证生命安全。由此可推知，“evacu
115、ation”应是“疏散”或“撤离”含义，与选项“withdrawal(撤退；撤走)”表达含义一致。故选B项。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“The summit, from which you will board down, is about 2,388 feet, a height ideal for the activity. After a quick compulsory tutorial of what to do, you will put on your “flight suit”, gird your loins, and descend down the vo
116、lcano.(你将从那里登上山顶，高度约2388英尺，是这项活动的理想高度。在完成一个快速的必修教程后，你将穿上你的“飞行服”，系好腰带，沿着火山下山。)”可知，登顶塞罗内格罗峰之后需要接受一个教程培训才能下山。故选D项。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据文章部分内容“Sunny, with warm weather year round, these islands make for the perfect vacation. Visitors can enjoy lazy beach days by the crystal blue waters of the Caribbean Sea.(阳
117、光明媚，四季温暖，这些岛屿是完美的度假胜地。游客可以在加勒比海晶莹湛蓝的海水旁享受慵懒的海滩时光。)”可知，科恩岛对于游客来说，终年阳光明媚，气候温暖，还有加勒比海慵懒的海滩时光可以享受，是完美的度假胜地，由此可知，喜欢在旅行中独自掌管一切的人有可能选择到该地旅游。而文章中提及的其他三个项目攀登蒙巴乔火山，在云雾森林里骑马，以及登顶塞罗内格罗火山均是已安排好的固定项目，活动内容无法由游客自己掌控。故选C项。(C)If youve ever taken a class in drawing, painting or pottery and in spite of your best effort
118、, couldnt make the final result look anything like the model shown, you may have thought, “I dont have a creative bone in my body.”According to some scientists, who for the past 20 years have put the elusive subject of creativity through the rigors of research, you are underrating yourself. Da Vinci
119、 you may never be, but when it comes to creativity, we are all somewhat blessed. Its learning to foster this unique tool of extraordinary productivity, and then applying it in everything you do, that counts to tell you from figures like Da Vinci.“Even if we dont have the good fortune to discover a n
120、ew chemical element or write a great story, the love of the creative process for its own sake is available to all,” says Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in Creativity: Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention.Most people believe the realm of creativity has been awarded to those perceived to have speci
121、al talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses,” as we often call them, with awe and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people assume, are bestowed by good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology, from some kind of divine inspiration.There is no argument that the world is never short of highly talen
122、ted and creative people. They are masters of their trades and stand heads-and-shoulders above commoners, making new pathways for others to follow, and providing greater context and understanding of our world. It could be said that without creativity humanity would not evolve so rapidly.But like a pu
123、blicly recognized creative baseball player who hones his skill through years of continuous training, foregoing other pursuits for the sole passion, people who show the slightest reluctance for arduous labor are bound to witness their boasted ability disappear.After closely studying 91 creative and i
124、nfluential people, including novelists, playwrights, composers, musicians and scientists, Csikszentmihalyi concludes that no one would ignore the sweat they shed and their almost insane willingness to follow their creative endeavor to the very end, wherever that may be. These are the very things we
125、all can master, so long as wed like to.63. Its widely believed that creativity comes from_.A. good training people receive from artistic classesB. the tool we learn from masters like Da VinciC. the inborn genes or relevant giftsD. certain Greek historical textbooks64. Which of the following statemen
126、ts is TRUE according to the passage?A. Common people rather than creative ones lead in various professions.B. Peoples admiration of geniuses makes humanity develop quickly.C. The field of baseball requires more gifts than hard work.D. The essence of creativity lies in devotion and effort.65. The und
127、erlined word “foregoing” is closest in meaning to .A. giving upB. combiningC. referring toD. extending66. What is the passage mainly about?A. How ordinary people and scientists view things differently.B. Peoples misunderstanding of creativity and its true nature.C. The reasons for the development of
128、 various trades and humanity.D. Ordinary peoples unwillingness to follow the examples of creative ones.【答案】63. C 64. D 65. A 66. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们普遍认为创造力是一种天赋其实是一种误解，科学家验证了创造力是与人的辛苦付出分不开的。只要人们愿意付出艰辛努力，创造力是可以掌握的。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Most people believe the realm of creativity has been awarde
129、d to those perceived to have special talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses,” as we often call them, with awe and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people assume, are bestowed by good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology, from some kind of divine inspiration.”。可知，大多数人认为，创造力是授予那些被认为有特殊才能的人的。
130、我们带着敬畏和些许嫉妒看待这些我们通常称之为“创造性天才”的人。大多数人认为，他们的能力来自于良好的基因，或者，就像希腊神话中那样，来自于某种神圣的灵感。由此可知，人们普遍认为，创造力来自与生俱来的基因或相关的天赋。故选C项。【64题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who hones his skill through years of continuous training, foregoing other pursuits for the sole passion, peo
131、ple who show the slightest reluctance for arduous labor are bound to witness their boasted ability disappear.”可知，通过多年的持续艰苦训练才会成就有创造力的棒球运动员，而对于没有坚持艰苦付出和努力的人是不会再有所夸耀的“创造力”的。选项D“The essence of creativity lies in devotion and effort.(创造力的本质在于奉献和努力。)”为贴合文章内容的合理论述。故选D项。【65题详解】词义猜测题。分析可知，划线单词所在短语“foregoing
132、 other pursuits for the sole passion”中“the sole passion”应是指前文“But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who hones his skill through years of continuous training”提及的“baseball”，棒球运动，由此可知，一个有创造力的棒球运动员应是为了棒球运动这一目标而不断努力训练，从而会放弃其他的“爱好”。由此可推知，“foregoing”应是“放弃”含义，与选项A“giving up”含义一致。故选A项。【66题详
133、解】主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章第二段内容“According to some scientists, who for the past 20 years have put the elusive subject of creativity through the rigors of research, you are underrating yourself. Da Vinci you may never be, but when it comes to creativity, we are all somewhat blessed.(根据一些科学家的说法，在过去的20年里，他们把创造
134、力这个难以捉摸的课题通过了严格的研究，你低估了自己。你也许永远不会成为达芬奇，但说到创意，我们都多少有点福气。)”根据文章第四段“Most people believe the realm of creativity has been awarded to those perceived to have special talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses,” as we often call them, with awe and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people assume, are
135、 bestowed by good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology, from some kind of divine inspiration.”。可知，大多数人认为，创造力是授予那些被认为有特殊才能的人的。我们带着敬畏和些许嫉妒看待这些我们通常称之为“创造性天才”的人。大多数人认为，他们的能力来自于良好的基因，或者，就像希腊神话中那样，来自于某种神圣的灵感。根据最后一段“Csikszentmihalyi concludes that no one would ignore the sweat they shed and their almost ins
136、ane willingness to follow their creative endeavor to the very end, wherever that may be. These are the very things we all can master, so long as wed like to.”Csikszentmihalyi总结说，没有人会忽视他们所流下的汗水，以及他们近乎疯狂的意愿，去追随他们创造性的努力，直到最后，无论那是在哪里。这些正是我们都可以掌握的东西，只要我们愿意。由此可知，本文主要是关于人们对创造力的误解及其本质。故选B项。Section CDirectio
137、ns: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Every dog owner knows that saying Good dog! A happy, high-pitched voice will bring about a flurry of joyful tail waggi
138、ng in their pet.That makes scientists curious. What exactly happens in your dogs brain when it hears praise? And is it similar to the way our own brain processes such acoustic information?When a person gets a compliment, the more primitive subcortical(皮下的)auditory regions first react to the intonati
139、on(声调) , the emotional force of spoken words. Next, the brain taps the more recently evolved auditory cortex(皮质)to figure out the meaning of the words, which is learned. _67_ Of course, dogs use their right brain hemisphere to do so, whereas we use our left hemisphere. Still, a mystery remains. Do t
140、heir brains go through the same steps to process approval? Its an important question. Dogs are speechless species._68_ For instance, some dogs are able to recognize thousands of names of individual objects. They can even link each name to a specific object.When the scientists studied scans of the br
141、ains of pet dogs, they found that theirs, like ours, processed the sounds of spoken words in a multi-step manner. They analyze first the emotional component with the older region of the brain, the subcortical regions. Subsequently, they deal with the words meaning with the newer part, the cortex.Pre
142、vious studies have shown that many animals, from songbirds to dolphins, use the subcortex to process emotional hints._69_Zebras, for instance, can eavesdrop on the emotion, or fright to be precise, in other herbivore(食草动物)animals calls. In this way they learn if predators are nearby.Its likely that
143、human language evolved from such hints. We employ the same neurological systems to develop speech._70_Dogs have the very likeliness to make special use of the ancient connection to process human emotions. It helps explain why dogs are so successful at partnering with us and at times manipulating us
144、with those soulful eyes.A. It is widely recognized that the dog has a complex structure of brain, similar, in a way, to that of humans.B. But they respond correctly to our words.C. Animals are found to have adopted various mechanisms to defend against enemies.D. They are capable of obtaining mood im
145、plications even though they cant talk.E. It has been discovered that dogs brains, like those of humans, compute the intonation and meaning separately.F. Domesticated animals have evolved alongside humans for the past thousands of years.【答案】67. E 68. B 69. D 70. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。狗狗会对人类的语言做出反应。文章分析了这种
146、现象背后的原因。【67题详解】下文“Of course, dogs use their right brain hemisphere to do so, whereas we use our left hemisphere.（当然，狗狗用的是右脑，而我们用的是左脑。）”表明了狗狗的大脑和人类大脑的一个区别。根据该句中的“of course”可以推知，该句是对空处的一个补充，那么，该空应该谈及狗狗大脑和人脑的相似点。E选项（研究发现，狗的大脑和人类的大脑一样，会分别计算语调和意思。）符合语境，故选E。【68题详解】根据空后“For instance, some dogs are able to
147、recognize thousands of names of individual objects. They can even link each name to a specific object.（例如，一些狗能够识别数千个单个物体的名字。它们甚至可以将每个名字与特定的对象联系起来。）”可知，狗会对人们说的话产生反应。这和上文提到的“Dogs are speechless species.（狗是不会说话的物种。）”，是转折关系，即：尽管狗不会说话，但是它们会对人说的话做出回应。 故选B。【69题详解】空后“Zebras, for instance, can eavesdrop on t
148、he emotion, or fright to be precise, in other herbivore(食草动物)animals calls. In this way they learn if predators are nearby. (比如，斑马可以偷听其他食草动物的情感，确切地说，恐惧。这样它们就能知道附近是否有捕食者。)”的例子表明：动物可以获得情感暗示。D选项（即使他们不会说话，它们也能获得情绪暗示）切题。故选D。【70题详解】下文“Dogs have the very likeliness to make special use of the ancient connec
149、tion to process human emotions.( 狗很有可能利用这种古老的联系来处理人类的情感)”中提到了“the ancient connection to human emotions”,那么，该空应该明确“狗狗和人类的古老的联系”。F选项（驯养动物和人类一起进化了几千年。）表明了狗狗和人类的古老的联系。故选F。IV Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more
150、 than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years. And in Japan, the world capital of solo dining, a trend
151、 for low interaction dining11 has taken off. Restaurants are opening which facilitate the ultimate solo dining experience: passing bowls of noodles through black curtains into individual booths.Is this a worrying trend? We think so. Research is revealing the negative impacts of eating alone, which h
152、as been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression and diabetes to high blood pressure.So its cheering that hundreds of food sharing initiatives have sprung up around the world. Theres Londons Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions
153、 of home-cooked food with people in their area who arent always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste. Or there is South Africas Food Jams, social gatherings in which participants are paired up, preferably with strangers, and given a portion of the meal to prepare.
154、 Many participants interviewed mentioned that their loneliness was greatly relieved. Such initiatives offer lessons of all kinds to those thinking about how our food systems need to change. They also somewhat compensate for the undesirable outcomes sole eating brings.So why do people stop eating tog
155、ether? There are a variety of reasons. Authors such as Michael Pollan argue that it is due to the fact that people attach less value to home-based labor, including cooking. The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace during the 20th century, also
156、 contributed. Meanwhile, the growth in insecure and inconsistent working patterns among a growing proportion of the population also discourages meals eaten communally.【答案】The trend of sole dining is catching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and mentally. Fortunately food-shari
157、ng programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness. Eating together has declined because of peoples undervaluing of cooking at home, more womens entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。单人用餐的趋势正在主要国家流行起来。然而，它确实会伤害身体和精神。幸运的是，食物共享计
158、划通过避免食物浪费和对抗孤独来弥补它的不良影响。由于人们低估了在家做饭的价值，更多的女性进入职场，以及工作关系的弱化，在一起吃饭的人数有所下降。【详解】1 要点摘录.Surveys indicate that a third of Britons regularly eat on their own. OpenTable, an online restaurant booking app, found that solo dining in New York increased by 80% during the past 5 years. .Research is revealing the
159、 negative impacts of eating alone, which has been found to be linked to a variety of mental and physical health conditions, from depression and diabetes to high blood pressure.Theres Londons Casserole Club, for example, whose volunteers share portions of home-cooked food with people in their area wh
160、o arent always able to cook for themselves, in which case they put an end to food waste. .The widening of the workforce, which brought many women out of the kitchen and into the workplace during the 20th century, also contributed. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句The trend of sole dining is c
161、atching on in major countries. However, it does harm physically and mentally. Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness.Because of peoples undervaluing of cooking at home, more womens entry into the workforce and weakening work rela
162、tionships, they often choose to eat alone.【点睛】高分句型1 However, it does harm physically and mentally. (使用however对前文内容表达转折，physically和mentally副词作状语修饰动作does harm。)高分句型2Fortunately food-sharing programs make up for its bad effects by avoiding food waste and combating loneliness.(运用介词by+doing作方式状语，表达比较高级。)
163、高分句型3Eating together has declined because of peoples undervaluing of cooking at home, more womens entry into the workforce and weakening work relationships.(使用动名词eating作主语，because of后接名词短语和动名词作并列宾语，充分使用了非谓语动词里的高级表达。)V TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the w
164、ords given in the brackets.72. 这类复杂的问题不是一朝一夕就能解决的。(It)(汉译英)【答案】It is not possible to solve complicated problems of this kind in a day.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、短语和时态。此处为句型“it be adj to do sth.”，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语；表示“解决问题”短语为solve problems，由形容词complicated作定语修饰名词problems；表示“这类”短语为of this kind；表示“一朝一夕”可用短语in a day；
165、句子为否定陈述句，时态为一般现在时。故翻译为It is not possible to solve complicated problems of this kind in a day.73. 这家图书馆里，所有上个世纪手工绘制的漫画书都不外借。(available) (汉译英)【答案】In the library, none of the hand-painted comic books of the last century is available for lending.【解析】【分析】本题考查汉译英翻译能力。【详解】考查形容词、名词、短语和时态。表示“这家图书馆里”应用短语“in t
166、he library”，可置于句首作地点状语；表示“漫画书”短语为“comic book”，结合限定词“所有”，应是复数形式，comic books；表示“手工绘制的”为“hand-painted”，可置于漫画书（comic books）之前，作其定语；表示“上个世纪”短语为“the last century”，之前可用of，构成介词短语作漫画书（comic books）的后置定语；表示“所有都不”可用短语none of，作名词短语“the hand-painted comic books of the last century”的限定词，即：none of the hand-painted
167、comic books of the last century；“外借”可用固定短语“be available for doing”表达，意为“可以做某事”，即： be available for lending，时态为一般现在时，且主语由“none of”修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，be 动词应用“is”。故翻译为In the library, none of the hand-painted comic books of the last century is available for lending.74. 该款电动车提供终生免费保养，这吸引了顾客的眼球，大大促进了销量。(whic
168、h) (汉译英)【答案】The type of electric car offers lifetime free maintenance, which has caught customers eye and greatly promoted sales.【解析】【详解】考查现在完成时、一般现在时态、一般过去时和定语从句。根据题目要求和汉语提示可知，本句需用which引导非限制性定语从句。the type of electric car “这款电动车”，作主语，offer提供，动词作谓语，此处陈述事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是单数，谓语动词需用单数offers，其后接宾语lifeti
169、me free maintenance“终生免费保养”，根据汉语提示和题目要求可知，此处需用which引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词是catch“吸引”，根据汉语提示可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时态，先行词是单数，此处助动词需用has，customers eye “顾客的眼球”作宾语， greatly promoted大大的提高了，并列谓语，其后接宾语sales“销量”，句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为The type of electric car offers lifetime free maintenance, which has caught customers eye and
170、greatly promoted sales.。75. 短视频服务不仅仅满足了人们的娱乐需求，而且拓宽了学习渠道，给教育领域带来了意想不到的变化。(Not only) (汉译英)【答案】Not only has the short-video service met peoples entertainment needs, but it has also broadened the channels for learning and brought unexpected changes to the field of education.【解析】【详解】考查部分倒装、固定短语和时态。结合句意表
171、示“不仅而且”应用not onlybut also.，且not only位于句首时，not only部分需用部分倒装，but also部分不倒装；根据句意“短视频服务”可知短语为the short-video service；表示“满足人们的娱乐需求”短语为meet peoples entertainment needs；表示“拓宽学习渠道”短语为broaden the channels for learning；表示“给带来意想不到的变化”可用短语bring unexpected changes to，后跟短语the field of education作宾语，表示“教育领域”。句子应用现在
172、完成时。故翻译为Not only has the short-video service met peoples entertainment needs, but it has also broadened the channels for learning and brought unexpected changes to the field of education.VI. Guided Writing76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions giv
173、en below in Chinese.你是高三学生刘晓，你所在的社区正在考虑为区域内的高龄老人引进一项便民服务。目前有三个备选方案：一键急救呼叫(one-button first-aid call )；社区老年食堂 (neighbourhood canteen for seniors)；老年娱乐中心。请给居委会(neighbourhood committee) 写一封信，谈谈你的看法。信中必须包括：1.你同意的方案；2.你同意的理由；3.你对于提高此项服务质量的建议。(信中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息【答案】Dear neighbourhood committee,As we all k
174、now, the community is considering introducing a convenience service for the elderly in the region. At present, there are three ways to use it: one-button first-aid call, neighbourhood canteen for seniors and a senior recreation center.I am in favor of providing a one-button first-aid call for the el
175、derly. For one thing, nowadays many old people live alone and most of their kids are working outside, so it is difficult for them to get timely care. For another, one-button first-aid call contains many functions, which can obtain the identity of the caller and the current location, so that the old
176、man can be rescued in the first time.We should teach the old people to use one-button first-aid call and be able to use it accurately in emergencies. Of course, the most important thing is to communicate more with the old people and keep abreast of the old peoples recent situation.Yours，Liu Xiao【解析】
177、【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求考生写一封关于为所在社区的高龄高人引进一项便民服务的建议信。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在进行时,少量现在完成时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 你同意的方案；2. 你同意的理由；3. 你对于提高此项服务质量的建议。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）as we all know；convenience；at present；senior recreation center；in favor of；in the first time；in emergencies；o
178、f course；keep abreast of第三步：连词成句1. As we all know, the community is considering introducing a convenience service for the elderly in the region.2. At present, there are three ways to use it: one-button first-aid call, neighbourhood canteen for seniors and a senior recreation center.3. I am in favor
179、of providing a one-button first-aid call for the elderly.4. Of course, the most important thing is to communicate more with the old people and keep abreast of the old peoples recent situation.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：For one thing， For another2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besid
180、es, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including（供参考）3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat（供参考） 4.表因果关系： So连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1 Of
181、course, the most important thing is to communicate more with the old people and keep abreast of the old peoples recent situation.（不定式作表语）高分句型2 For another, one-button first-aid call contains many functions, which can obtain the identity of the caller and the current location, so that the old man can be rescued in the first time.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
