1、1glory n光荣glorify v赞美；美化glorious adj.辉煌的gloriously adv.辉煌地；壮丽地2boast v(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有（好的事物）boaster n自夸者boastful adj.浮夸的boastfully adv.自夸地；浮夸地3religion n宗教religious adj.宗教的religiously adv.虔诚地4heaven n天国heavenly adj.天国的5strong adj.强壮的strongly adv.强有力地strength n力量strengthen v加强1peak n高峰，顶点；尖顶adj.高峰时期的，巅峰
2、状态的v.达到最高峰，达到最高值She is at the peak of her career. n.高峰the peak of a roof n.尖顶Oil production peaked in the early 1980s. v.达到最高峰March is one of the peak periods for our business.adj.最繁忙的/高峰时期的2coverage n覆盖范围；新闻报道；(保险公司的)保险magazines with extensive coverage of diet and health topics 覆盖范围todays newspaper
3、 coverage 新闻报道Medicaid health coverage for lowincome families 保险Words and Phrasesvary vi.变化；不同vt.变更；改变教材P26The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.敦煌壁画的题材多种多样，从宗教故事到日常生活场景都有。例1The students work varies considerably in quality.学生作业的质量相当地参差不齐。例2The men
4、u varies with the season.菜单随季节而变动。造句 班级的数目从25到30不等。Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.知识拓展(1)vary with 随而变化vary from 不同于vary in 在方面不同/有差异vary from.to. 由到不等/不同(2)variety n. 变化；多样性；种类a variety ofvarieties of 各种各样的(3)various adj. 各种各样的；不同的for various reasons 由于种种原因(4)variously adv. 以各种方式；不同地a variety
5、 of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The school library provides a variety of original works，hoping they will meet the needs of different students.The cost has been variously(various)estimated at between 10 million and 20 million.Changes in price nor
6、mally vary with changes of supply and need.Though Lucy and Lily are twins，they vary in character.The variety of foods at the restaurant is (be)limited，but the amount of each dish is fairly large.I like reading very much，especially the story books, varying from Chinese stories to English stories (从中国
7、故事到英国故事)小片段填空With the development of economy，there are varieties of goods in stores，varying from daily groceries to luxury goods，which greatly enriches peoples life.In addition，the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.教材P27Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD，these hidden treasures give us a
8、picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.从公元405年到公元1002年，这些被雪藏的宝藏给我们描述了处在丝绸之路贸易中心时的敦煌。(1)date from起源于；追溯到例1All the cupboards and appliances dated from the 1950s.所有这些橱柜和家用电器都是 20世纪 50 年代的物品。例2These sculptures must date from the middle of the 7th century.这些雕刻品肯定可以追溯到7世
9、纪中叶。造句这座寺庙起源于唐朝。The temple dates from the Tang Dynasty.知识拓展(1)date fromdate back to起源于；追溯到(2)set a date for 确定的日期have a date with sb. 与某人约会out of date 过时的up to date 现代的；最新的date from和date back to这两个短语，通常使用一般现在时，没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The old town dates (date)back to the late sev
10、enteenth century.The fact is that your passport has been out of date，so you cant use it.Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology.We are visiting an old garden dating from the 12th century(起源于12世纪)(2)hidden adj.秘密的；隐秘的；隐藏的例1Under all the innocent
11、fun，there are hidden dangers，especially for children.在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。例2As you descend，suddenly you see at last the hidden waterfall.一直往下走，最终你会突然看到那条隐秘的瀑布。造句 覆盖着冰的路面对驾驶汽车的人是个危险的隐患。Icy roads are a hidden danger to motorists.知识拓展(1)hide sth.from sb.向某人隐瞒某事hide sth.in/under/behind. 把某物藏在里面
12、/下面/后面(2)hiding n. 躲藏；隐藏hiding和hidden作定语时意思不同：a hiding place“一个藏身处”；a hidden place“一个秘密/隐秘的地方”即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden(hide)within the work.My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding(hide)place I couldnt find.I
13、nstead，they learn both explicit and hidden(hide)meanings from what they see.I feel sure there is something about her past that she is trying to hide from me(她设法对我隐瞒)小片段填空The little boy had much difficulty hiding the truth from his parents，so he found a hiding place in the trees to keep himself hidde
14、n from them.reason n原因；理由 v推理；推论教材P27However，the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.然而，藏经洞多年前被封的原因仍然是个谜。例1The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt learn it well.考试失败的原因是他没有学好。例2Id like to know the reason why youre so late.我想知道你为什么迟到这么长时间。造句
15、我为什么要帮你？给我一个充分的理由。Give me one good reason why I should help you.知识拓展(1)reason with 和理论(或讲理)reasonable 合情合理的(2)the reason why.is that.表示“的原因是”， 其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。(3)the reason that/which.表示“的原因”， that/which引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语或宾语。(4)the reason that.表示“的原因”， that后接同位语从句，解释其内容。(5)the reason for的原因即学即
16、练单句语法填空/完成句子The reason why we choose this movie is that it represents the development of our beloved school，which is not only interesting but also meaningful.Thats the reason why more and more people are interested in the Tang Dynasty(为什么越来越多的人对唐代感兴趣)bring.to life使复苏；(使)变得生动；(使)变得有趣教材P27This century
17、 is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative.本世纪通过一带一路的倡议，丝绸之路重新焕发了生机。 例1With my pictures I hope to bring to life ancient civilizations.我希望用我的绘画去再现古代文明。 例2The prompt use of artificial respiration can often bring a victim of drowning to life.及时的人工呼吸常能使溺水者苏醒过来。造句 他
18、的小说把维多利亚时代的生活写活了。His novels bring the Victorian age to life.知识拓展bring about 引起；导致(事故、变化等)bring back 使某物恢复；使回忆起某事bring down 使降低；使倒下bring in 引入；赚得；挣得bring out 使显现出；取出；阐明；出版即学即练单句语法填空The reason why the goods are sold at such low prices is that the manufacturers are willing to bring down the prices in r
19、eturn for big volume of purchases.Sharing with friends helped me bring back my confidence and fit in with others.The sale of the house only brought in about $45，000.教材P27Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along th
20、e Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place.考虑到世博会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家之间的文化交流和加强相互合作，敦煌是理想的地方。(1)given adj.已经安排好的；规定的；指定的；所述的；特定的prep.考虑到；鉴于例1It was surprising the government was reelected，given that they had raised taxes so much.令人惊奇的是政府把税收提高这么多仍再次当选了。例2Given her interest in children，teaching seems the righ
21、t job for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。造句 他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。They were to meet at a given time and place.知识拓展(1)be given to sth./to doing sth.经常做；习惯于(2)give back 归还；使恢复give in (to) 屈服；让步；交上give off 发出(气味、光、热)；散发give out 分发；用完；耗尽；发布give up 放弃；认输give way to 给让路/让步；被代替即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The burning plastic gave o
22、ff poisonous gas，which is harmful to our health.He wouldnt give out any information(透露任何消息)Hes given to going for long walks on his own(独自长距离散步)(2)strengthen v加强；增强；巩固例1While DNA test will help strengthen peoples health consciousness，it is more probable that it will lead to overanxiety.尽管DNA检测将有助于增强
23、人们的健康意识，然而也很可能会导致过度焦虑。例2Yoga can be used to strengthen the immune system.瑜伽能增强人体免疫系统。造句 一种观点就是睡眠有助于加强新的记忆。One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.知识拓展(1)strengths and weaknesses优势和劣势build up ones strength 增强体质have the strength to do sth.有做某事的力量with all ones strength 竭尽全力(2)strength n
24、. 体力，力气；长处，优势；力量；毅力strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Great determination and ambition are his great strengths (strength)Every morning Im working out to build up my strength(增强体质)小片段填空We strongly feel that many factors determine whether we can succeed in our life and careers，including a strong body a
25、nd a good personality.Knowing our strength is also very important.But the most important is to strengthen the ties with the people around us.Sentence Patterns介词短语置于句首的倒装句式教材P27In a sealed cave，now known as the famous Library Cave，were hidden thousands of manuscripts，paintings and scrolls ,as well as
26、 silk embroideries.在一个密封的山洞里，现在被称为著名的藏经洞里，藏着成千上万的手稿、绘画和卷轴，其中包括丝绸刺绣。句式分析：本句话的正常语序是：Thousands of manuscripts，paintings and scrolls ,as well as silk embroideries were hidden in a sealed cave，now known as the famous Library Cave.。例1In came a girl，wearing a white skirt.一个穿着白色裙子的小姑娘走了进来。例2Into the dark ap
27、artment walked my friend，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.我朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。造句 男孩冲出去了。Out rushed the boy.知识拓展(1)out，in，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。(2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。(3)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子也用完全倒装，即“形容词/分词系
28、动词主语”结构。(4)代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。注意：(1)此类用法中的谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等动词，且句子的主语为名词。(2)如果句子的主语为人称代词，不用倒装语序。如：Look at the little dog! Here it runs.看这条小狗！它跑过来了。翻译1一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.翻译2这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。Such is our lively city，wh
29、ich you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.即学即练单句语法填空Between France and Spain is (be)another mountain rangethe Pyrenees.There stands(stand)a tree.Next door to ours lives(live)a foreign student，who seems to have settled into life in China.so.that 引导的结果状语从句教材P27The scrolls are so detail
30、ed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang，such as ceramics，medicine，perfumes and fruit，to name just a few.这些卷轴非常详细，它们描述了从敦煌进口和出口的大量货物，例如陶瓷、医药、香水和水果等等。句式分析：本句是so.that 引导的结果状语从句。例1He is so tired that he does not want to go with us.他太疲劳，所以他不想和我们一起去。例2He
31、 is so dishonest that nobody wants to make friends with him.他太不诚实了，没有人和他做朋友。造句 他说得很清楚，每个人都能听懂。He speaks so clearly that everyone can understand him.知识拓展引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，so.that.，such.that.。在非正式语体中，由so.that.，such.that.引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。翻译1天气那么晴朗，我们都想去公园。It
32、is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.翻译2他挣这么少的钱，不能养活一家人。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.So clever a student was he (他是那么聪明的学生)that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.
33、倍数表达方法教材P27In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.到了明朝，贸易路线改变了，敦煌也不像以前那样繁荣了。句式分析：本句是用了as.as 的结构表达倍数。例1In other words，there are three times as many girls as boys.换句话说，女孩的数量是男孩的三倍。例2The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes a
34、s those who wrote by hand.研究人员发现，笔记本电脑用户记笔记的次数比手写的人要多一倍。造句 红尺是黄尺的三倍长。The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.知识拓展常见表示“倍数”的句型：(1)倍数asmany/muchn.as(2)倍数asadj./adv.as(3)倍数形容词比较级/副词比较级than(4)倍数the size/length/height/depth/widthof表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”表达。此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、h
35、alf等其他程度状语。翻译据我所知，这个城市是那个城市的三倍大。As far as I know，the city is three times as large as that one.As far as I know，the city is three times larger than that one.As far as I know，the city is three times the size of that one.即学即练单句语法填空My school has expanded into a big one，which is three times as big as the
36、 previous one.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.It is wise to have as many good friends as we can.Thanks to this ancient library，we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as Northeast Europe，and that goods were also exp
37、orted from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe.分析：本句为复合句，know 的后面接了两个宾语从句第一个是that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as Northeast Europe，第二个是that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe，中间用and 连接。译文：多亏了这个古老的藏经洞，我们现在知道，货物从遥远的东北欧运抵敦煌，货物也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲。教材高考1.Today，Dunhuang is a w
38、orldclass tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCOprotected heritage status.(2019全国卷)He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀)about themselves.2.The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty；these images are full of life，reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from t
39、hat time.(2019全国卷)But that changed when a system of hightech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below.3.Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuan
40、g was the ideal place.(2019全国卷)The likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships，jumpstart interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.单句语法填空1This is a law dating (date)from the 17th century.2She boasted about/of her collection of ch
41、ina.3The old man received religious(religion) education when he was young.4What a heavenly (heaven)day!5Her mood varied(vary)from optimism to extreme depression.6She felt sure the letter had some hidden (hide)meaning.7I find it absolutely astonishing(astonish)that you dont like it.8Given his age，hes
42、 remarkably active.9The new teacher brought English to life for us.10Her position in the party has strengthened (strengthen) in recent weeks.短语填空cover an area of.；vary from.to.；bring.to life；thanks to；in detail1The age of the kids varies from 5 to 10.2The reserve covers an area of 1，140 square kilom
43、etres.3It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.4Could you explain it in detail?5Flowers can bring a dull room to life.课文语法填空Dunhuang located in Gansu Province is a centre of cultural and mercial(commerce)exchange and a worldclass tourist destination，2.boasting(boast)sites with UNESCOprotected h
44、eritage status.Mogao Grottoes 3.were carved(carve)out of the rock over a period of 1，000 years.We can see the elements from Ancient Greece，India and Iran on statues.The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories 4. to scenes of everyday life，of 5. which Apsara is unique to Dunhuang.
45、Apsaras painted during the Tang Dynasty are a reflection of peoples 6.confidence (confident)of life.As for Library Cave，discovered inside 7.were (be)many manuscripts，paintings and scrolls.In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed，8.so Dunhuang faded little by little.9.Fortunately(fortunate)，Dunhuang 10.has become (become)a global crossroads once again since it hosted the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.
