1、Module 1British and American English (主题语境人与自我之生活与学习：语言学习)1absorb vt. 吸收；理解；使全神贯注；吸引(注意)2approach v. 接近；靠近；n. 接近；方法；途径3explain vt. 解释，说明explanation n. 解释；讲解；说明4express v. 表达；表示expression n. 表达；表示；表情；词语，措辞5master vt. 精通，掌握；n. 大师；主人6overcome v. 克服，解决7practice n& v. 练习8accumulate vt.& vi. 积累；积聚accumula
2、tion n. 积累，积聚9accurate adj. 准确的，精确的accurately adv. 精确地，准确地accuracy n. 精确，准确10enlarge vt. 扩大11enrich vt. 丰富12grasp vt. 领会；掌握13classify vt. 分类14consult v. 咨询15correction n. 改正16dialect n. 方言，土语17fluent adj. 流利的fluency n. 流利fluently adv. 流利地18memorize v. 记忆memory n. 记忆19pronunciation n. 发音pronounce vt.
3、& vi. 发音20stress n. 重音；压力 vt. 强调1spoken English 英语口语2local accent 地方口音3an official language 官方语言4have a good command/knowledge of 精通5develop an interest in 培养对的兴趣6enrich ones vocabulary 丰富某人的词汇量7look up.in a dictionary 在词典中查8refer to a dictionary 查阅词典9speak fluent English 能讲流利的英语10preview the text 预
4、习课文11practice speaking English 练习讲英语12master grammar rules 掌握语法规则13use idioms properly 正确使用习惯用语14have a large vocabulary 词汇量大 15keep/bear.in mind 记住16write an essay in English 用英语写一篇文章17insist on/stick to 坚持18make a timetable for learning English 制订学习英语时间表19how to read body language 如何理解肢体语言20be poo
5、r in oral English 英语口语不好1Reading aloud is a very effective way of learning English.大声朗读是学习英语非常有效的方法。2One can not learn a language well unless he works hard.如果不努力是学不好一门语言的。3Peoples views on learning English vary from person to person.不同的人对学习英语有不同的看法。4The way to learn a language is to practice speakin
6、g it as often as possible.学习一门语言的方法就是要尽可能多地讲。 单词巧练写准并记牢.识记单词(一)会其形1switch n. 开关，转换 v. 转变；转换2standard adj. 标准的；n. 标准3.queue vi. 排队(等候)4structure n. 结构；体系 5.look n. 外观；外表；样子(二)知其意1motorway n. (英)高速公路 2.underground n. (英)地铁3subway n. (美)地铁 4.flashlight n. (美)手电筒；火把5preposition n. 介词 6.flick n. 轻打；轻弹；抖动
7、7remark n. 评论；讲话 8.accent n. 口音9satellite n. 卫星 10.distinctive adj. 与众不同的11cute adj. 逗人喜爱的.拓展单词1obvious adj. 显然的，显而易见的obviously adv. 显然地2confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的confused adj. 感到困惑的confuse vt. 使困惑confusion n. 困惑3compare vt. 比较comparison n. 比较4steadily adv. 不断地；持续地steady adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的5rapidly adv.
8、迅速地rapid adj. 快速的6announcement n. 声明；宣告announce vt. 声明；宣告announcer n. 播音员7add vt. 加；增加addition n. 加法；增加additional adj. 额外的；另外的additionally adv. 此外8present vt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等) adj. 目前的；到场的，出席的 n. 礼物presence n. 在场；出席；存在；出现presentation n. 提交；陈述9variety n. 种类；多样化various adj. 各种各样的vary v. 变化；不同10differ vi.
9、 不同，有区别different adj. 不同的difference n. 不同，区别11attempt n& vt. 尝试；努力attempted adj. 未遂的12reference n. 参考；查阅refer vi. 谈及；提到；查阅；参考13linguist n. 语言学家linguistics n. 语言学14omit vt. 省略omission n. 省略15settler n. 移民；定居者settle vt. 定居；安顿settlement n. 定居；解决settled adj. 不变的；稳定的unsettled adj. 不安的；未解决的16combination n
10、. 组合；结合；密码组合combine vt. 使结合；使联合17edition n期；版edit vt. 编辑editor n. 编辑18simplify vt. 简化simple adj. 简单的simply adv. 简单地；仅仅；不过19criticise vt. 批评criticism n. 批评critic n. 批评家critical adj. 关键的；批评的高考与教材1.(2019全国卷)While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously (obvious) many other situations that c
11、an arise.2(2019天津卷)The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a confusing (confuse) world.3(2019江苏卷)By comparison (compare), the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8% of resttime energy.4(2019江苏卷)Chinas image is improving steadily (steady), with more countries recognizing its role in in
12、ternational affairs.5(2019天津卷)Rapid (rapidly) economic development threatens animal habitats.6(2017全国卷) Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition (add) to seasonal specials.7. (2017北京卷) TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of childrens publishing, bringing a unique
13、combination (combine) of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.8(2019北京卷)Building up a dream team is more complex than simply (simple) hiring the best talent.9(2019江苏卷)Despite their many differences (differ), all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large b
14、rains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.10(2012湖北卷)Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, Id think differently, but I believe foreign settlers (settle) have improved this country because theyre more openminded and often work harder than the natives.11(2018全国卷)Join u
15、s to taste a variety (vary) of fresh local food and drinks.12(2018江苏卷)For example, there are huge amounts of reference (refer) books which I am often confused to choose from.1双写辅音字母，再加edadmitadmittedadmittedpreferpreferredpreferredreferreferredreferredregretregrettedregretteddropdroppeddropped2“明显的”
16、能分清obvious 明显的；显然的clear 明显的；清楚的apparent 明显的；表面上的evident 明显的；明白的plain 清楚的；明显的3ify结尾动词找一找simplify 简化beautify 美化；使美丽classify 分类clarify 澄清identify 确定；鉴定；识别 短语巧练写准并记牢1.have.in common 有相同的特点2make_a_difference 有影响，使不相同3get_around 四处走动(旅行)4queue_up/stand_in_line 排队5be_similar_to 与相似6lead_to 引起；导致7pick_up 学会
17、；拾起，捡起；收听(广播)8in_favour_of 同意；支持9refer to.as. 称为10thanks_to 幸亏，多亏；由于高考与教材1.(2019北京卷)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks_to a warming climate, according to a new study.2(2018天津卷)False fire alarms are illegal and may lead_to imprisonment (监禁)3(2
18、018浙江卷)Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.4(2018全国卷)In fact, tradition also refers_to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.1“make an.”短语一览make a difference 有影响，使不相同make a contribution 做出贡献make a decision 做出决定make a mistake 犯错误m
19、ake a noise 发出噪声make a reservation 预订2to为介词的短语荟萃lead to 引起；导致object to 反对devote.to 把奉献于be/get used to 习惯于be accustomed to 习惯于pay attention to 注意3“inn.of”短语大家族in favour of 同意；支持in view of 鉴于，考虑到in memory of 为了纪念in respect of 关于，涉及in terms of 就而言in charge of 主管，掌管 句式仿写写准并记牢1.it作形式主语It doesnt make much
20、 of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.老师讲英式英语还是讲美式英语没有太大的差别。2while表对比Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人叫它torch。3it作形式宾语This nonstop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and America
21、ns to understand each other.专家们认为，这样不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。4部分否定In English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound.在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。高考与教材1.(2018江苏卷)真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。Its_strange_that he should have taken the books without the owners permission.2(2018全国卷)过去25年，玉米产量增长了近125%，
22、而大米产量仅增长了7%。Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.3(2018天津卷)不是每个人都能做到。Not_everybody can do that.4(2017全国卷)政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，使飞机更容易飞行。The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make_it_easier for t
23、he vehicle to fly.高频词汇精讲1confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing.有时，同一个单词的意思有稍微的不同，这会令人困惑。(1)confuse vt. 使困惑；使难于理解confuse A with/and B把A和B混淆(2)confused adj. 感到困惑的；感到难懂的be/get/become confused at/about 对感到困惑(3)confusion n. 困惑；混乱；混淆in conf
24、usion 困惑地；乱七八糟地名师指津 以ing结尾的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“的；令人的”； 以ed结尾的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到的”。另外，修饰face, look, expression, voice等时，常用以ed结尾的形容词。(1)单句语法填空You should not confuse your career with/and your life.He looked at me in confusion (confuse) and did not answer the question.This math problem is reall
25、y confusing (confuse). Many students dont understand it.The confused (confuse) look on his face shows that he is still not clear about it.(2)完成句子I love learning new words, but I am_confused_about how to remember them well.我喜欢学习新单词，但是我对如何记好单词感到困惑不解。2compare vt. 比较；匹敌；比喻；相比 n. 比较Data shows that kids a
26、nd teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.数据显示，与不经常阅读的人相比，经常阅读的孩子和青少年家里有更多的书、有更多为他们买的书、父母阅读更频繁并且父母留出时间让他们阅读。(1)compare.with. 把和相比较compare.to
27、. 把比作compared to/with. 和相比(通常作状语)(2)beyond/without compare 无与伦比，举世无双(3)by comparison 相比之下，相较而言by/in comparison with sb./sth. 与相比较(1)单句语法填空Dont compare your strength with others weakness, which is meaningless.A teacher is often compared to a candle. Thats because their devotion to work is beyond/with
28、out compare.When comparing (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.It seemed a small challenge compared (compare) to the one I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning.By comparison (compare), I
29、 think more people will be willing to make friends with you because you are easygoing.(2)一句多译与你的房间相比，我的房间小。Compare_my_room_with_your_room,_and I find mine is small.Compared_with_your_room,_my room is small.Comparing_my_room_with_yours,_I find mine is small.3differ vi. 不同，有区别The other two areas in wh
30、ich the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.这两种英语另外两个不同的方面是拼写和发音。(1)differ from 与不同differ in 在方面不同(2) different adj. 不同的；相异的be different from.in. 在与不同(3) difference n. 不同；区别tell the difference between.and. 分辨和的不同make a difference 有影响，使不相同(1)单句语法填空These two books differ in colourone i
31、s red and the other is blue.Our village is very different from what it was before.The behavior of parents makes a great difference (different) to the children.(2)一句多译世界上的事物是千差万别的。Things in the world differ_from each other in a thousand ways.Things in the world are_different_from each other in a thou
32、sand ways.4present vt. 陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；呈现；赠送，颁发；介绍 adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的 n. 礼物；赠品；现在Present your ideas to the rest of the class.把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。(1)present sb. with sth. 向某人赠送某物present sth. to sb. 向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物(2)be present at 出席(3)at presentat the present time 目前，现在for the present 目前；就现在而言名师指津 present
33、 用作形容词，表示“出席的，在场的”时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的，目前的”时，常用作前置定语。(1)写出下列句中present的词性和含义The company presented a medal to him on the day when he retired.v.赠送，颁发The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.当前的All the people present at the party were his supporters.adj.出席的I was extremely interested in t
34、he ideas he presented in class.vt.陈述；提出Whenever you buy a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.n.礼物(2)单句语法填空Ive got enough money for the present, but I must go to the bank tomorrow.At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries.(3)句
35、型转换Davids manager presented the award for best sales in the region to him.Davids manager presented_him_with the award for best sales in the region.5attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt. 试图；企图Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese?你能找出韦伯斯特的工作同简化汉语的尝试之间的相同点吗？(1)make an a
36、ttempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事at ones/the first attempt 第一次尝试(2)attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事(3)attempted adj. 未遂的辨析比较 attempt，manageattempt表示试图做某事，但不一定有结果，与try同义，但比try正式manage表示设法成功做成某事(1)单句语法填空He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at the first attempt.Body language is
37、particularly important when we attempt to_communicate (communicate) across cultures.Dale took his mothers advice, tried desperately and after several attempts (attempt) made it finally.(2)一句多译他试图通过这次考试，但考试太难了。He attempted_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult. (attempt v)He made_an_a
38、ttempt_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult. (attempt n)6have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。(1)difficulty前可用great, much, some, any, no, little等修饰，dif
39、ficulty还可以用trouble, problems等替换。(2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time with sth. 在某事上有难处(3)there is no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事/在某事上没有困难名师指津 在考查句型have difficulty (in) doing sth.时，difficulty往往提前作为主句中的先行词，定语从句中谓语成为“havedoing”形式；在have difficulty (in) doing sth.中的difficul
40、ty是不可数名词。(1)单句语法填空Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.Because of your coming, I think there is no difficulty in finishing (finish) the task on time.(2)完成句子Everyone in this city knew him, so we had_no_ difficulty/trouble/problems_(in)_finding his house.在这个
41、城市里，大家都认识他，因此我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。7lead to 引起，导致；通向But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.但它也导致了大量的美语单词和结构进入英式英语中，以至于现在许多人认为英式英语将会消失。lead sb. to/into. 带领某人到/进入lead sb. to do sth. 使得某人做某事l
42、ead a.life 过的生活lead the way 带路take the lead 带头，领先(1)单句语法填空I want to know what led you to_take (take) up acting as a career.The new evidence led to the high official being_arrested (arrest)Could you do me a favor and lead me to the bus station?(2)完成句子I hope my offspring can lead_a_better_life than me
43、.我希望我的孩子能比我过更好的生活。You lead_the_way and Ill follow you.你带路，我随后。This can be easily arranged if you will take_the_lead.只要你来带头，这件事就好办了。重点词汇点拨1obvious adj. 显然的，显而易见的单句语法填空It is obvious to us that he is not responsible for this mistake.Diet and exercise are obviously (obvious) important if you want to los
44、e weight.It is obvious that the old method can not meet new requirements.2variety nC种类，品种；U变化，多样性单句语法填空There are various (vary) kinds of wild animals in this area.Wedding traditions and customs vary from one country to another.All varieties (variety) of goods for daily use are available.3remark n谈论，
45、评述；引人注目，显耀 v谈论，评论写出下列句中remark的词性及词义She remarked that the article was well written.v.评论He made a number of rude remarks about the food.n.谈论，评述The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of remark.n.引人注目，显耀4写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a
46、prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover.转换，转变But can uniforms help improve school standards？标准The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head.结构典型句式精析1while的用法American
47、s use a flashlight, while for the British, its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。本句中while作并列连词，连接前后的并列分句，表示对比，意为“而；然而”。while除作并列连词外，还有以下用法：(1)while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”；(2)while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为“当的时候”；(3)while引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。(1)写出下列句中while的含义While I admit his good points, I can see
48、his shortcomings.尽管While the discussion was still going on, George came in.当的时候While there is life, there is hope.只要(2)完成句子He likes playing basketball, while_I_like_listening_to_music.他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。While_he_was_reading_the_newspaper,_he heard someone knock at the door.当他读报纸的时候，他听到有人敲门。While_the_pro
49、blems_are_difficult,_I can solve them.虽然这些问题很难，但是我能解决它们。2部分否定In English the spelling of words does not_always represent the sound.在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。(1)否定副词not与表示整体或全部意义的词every，everyone，everybody，everything，both，all连用时，不论not在什么位置都表示部分否定，意为“并不都是；不全是”；(2)若要表示全部否定，则需要用相应的表示全部的否定词。如allnone，bothneither，
50、everyno，everyoneno one，everybodynobody，everythingnothing。(1)句型转换All the students did not take part in the party.Not_all the students took_part_in the party.(2)完成句子Neither_of_his_sisters agrees to his suggestion.他两个姐姐都不同意他的提议。.单词拼写1Judging from his accent (口音), he is from the south.2This restaurant i
51、s owned by an Italian settler (移民)3When you leave the room, please turn off all the switches (开关)4The little girl is so cute (逗人喜爱的) that everyone likes her.5Try to simplify (简化) your explanation for the children as it is difficult for them to understand.6If you speak standard (标准的) English, you can
52、 make yourself understood whether in Britain or in the United States.7Every day I have to queue (排队) up at the bus stop to go to work.8All attempts (尝试) to control the spread of the disease have failed because of the bad weather in that area.9In writing the report you may omit (省略) all unnecessary d
53、etails.10The customers made a number of rude remarks (评论) about the goods on sale.单句语法填空1It will make a big difference whether the opening ceremony becomes successful or not.2The new evidence is likely to lead to the man being_arrested (arrest)3The two sisters resemble each other in appearance but d
54、iffer in character.4The firm is working on a new product in combination (combine) with several overseas partners.5The announcement (announce) comes as a campaign is launched to raise adult maths skills.6He attempted to_finish (finish) the task in advance, but he failed in the end.7The visiting Minis
55、ter expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding (add) that he enjoyed his stay here.8We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.9Many children seldom communicate with adults, making it difficult for their parents to know what they are thinking about.10You can
56、hardly imagine the difficulty the poor woman had bringing (bring) up her three children.单句改错1It seemed a small challenge comparing with the one I had paringcompared2Thanks for the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his lung operation.forto3The English in this story has sim
57、plified to make it easier to understand.simplified前加been4You cant imagine the difficulty he had passed the examination.passedpassing5Confusing by the question, the boy turned to his teacher for further explanation.ConfusingConfused6In some places women go out to earn money when men do the housework
58、and raise their children.whenwhile7Everyone present at the meeting was in the favour of what he put forward.去掉favour前的the8Mr Smith was presented a watch by the boss for his years hard work.presented后加with.语段填词1Leaves are found on varieties of trees, but they vary greatly in size and shape. (vary)2He
59、 made simple remarks on her remarkable achievements. (remark)3The reference book the teacher referred to just now is said to be popular among students. (refer)4From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. As for this phenomenon,
60、ideas differ among many people. (differ)5The book explains grammar simply and clearly, because the author used simple example sentences to simplify abstract concepts. (simple)6They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused,_standing there in confusion,_not knowing wha
61、t to do. (confuse).完成句子1你去不去都没有关系。(it作形式主语)It_doesnt_matter whether you will go or not.2我喜欢秋天，而我弟弟喜欢冬天。(while表并列)I like autumn, while_my_brother_likes_winter.3噪音经常让我难以集中注意力工作。(it作形式宾语)The noise always makes_it_hard_for_me to focus on work.4他的言行并非总是一致。(部分否定)His deeds do_not_always_agree_with his word
62、s.5有些人都能够过得快乐，不管他们在哪儿。(疑问词ever引导让步状语从句)Some people can enjoy themselves wherever_they_are.微写作假设你是李华，你的英国笔友James最近在学习中文，他来信向你咨询如何提高中文的口语水平。请你用英语给他回一封电子邮件，就如何提高中文口语水平提出一些建议。1得知你在尝试学习中文，我非常高兴；2我想向你提出一些如何提高中文口语的建议，肯定会非常有益；3显然，与其他语言相比，中文有时候会令人迷惑，导致学习的过程中出现很多疑惑；4因此，在汉语学习过程中，兴趣、决心和努力意义重大；5和朋友们用中文在线交流是一个好办法
63、，这会让你迅速取得进步；6尽管在学习过程中你可能会遇到一些困难，但是永远不要放弃练习；7我坚信，你的努力一定会得到回报。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇100词左右的短文；2尽量使用本模块的知识点；3可适当增加细节。Dear James，I am more than delighted to know that you are attempting to learn Chinese. I would like to present some advice on how to improve your spoken Chinese to you, which will surely be of b
64、enefit to you. Obviously，compared with other languages, Chinese is more confusing, leading to a lot of confusion while learning. Therefore, in the process of learning Chinese, it is your interest, determination and hard work that will make a difference. In addition, communicating with friends online
65、 in Chinese is a good idea, which will make it easy for you to make rapid progress in your spoken Chinese. Most importantly, though you may have some difficulties (in) learning Chinese, never give up practising.I am fully convinced that your efforts will pay off.Yours，Li Hua.课文语法填空British and Americ
66、an English differ in many ways. The difference in vocabulary is the most obvious. Sometimes, the same word has a _1_ (slight) different meaning, which can be _2_ (confuse). There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them. The other two ar
67、eas in _3_ the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling _4_ (seem) simpler, and many factors _5_ (influence) American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived there. Although there are so many _6_ (different), some experts believe that the two varieties are moving
68、 together.The experts think this nonstop communication has made it easier for British people and Americans _7_ (understand) each other. But it has also led _8_ lots of American words and structures _9_ (pass) into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. There are going to be many “Englishes” with the international dimension. But the most important thing is that users of English will all be able to understand each other, _10_ they are.1slightly2.confusing3.which4.seems5have_influenced6.differences7.to_understand8.to9passing10.wherever学习至此，请完成课时作业25
